1. 概述
在實際開發過程中,我們經常需要調用對方提供的接口或測試自己寫的接口是否合適。很多項目都會封裝規定好本身項目的接口規范,所以大多數需要去調用對方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天氣等)。
在Java項目中調用第三方接口的方式有:
①通過JDK網絡類Java.net.HttpURLConnection;
②通過common封裝好的HttpClient;
③通過Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient;
④通過SpringBoot-RestTemplate;
2. Java調用第三方http接口的方式
2.1 通過JDK網絡類Java.net.HttpURLConnection
比較原始的一種調用做法,這里把get請求和post請求都統一放在一個方法里面,直接上代碼:
2.2 通過apache common封裝好的HttpClient
httpClient的get或post請求方式步驟:
- 生成一個HttpClient對象並設置相應的參數;
- 生成一個GetMethod對象或PostMethod並設置響應的參數;
- 用HttpClient生成的對象來執行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
- 處理響應狀態碼;
- 若響應正常,處理HTTP響應內容;
- 釋放連接。
導入如下jar包:
<!--HttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
代碼如下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* @Author: Yang JianQiu
* @Date: 2019/4/28 11:07
*
* HttpClient模擬get、post請求並發送請求參數(json等)
* 【參考資料】
* https://javasam.iteye.com/blog/2117845
* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28379809/article/details/82898792
*/
public class HttpClientToInterface {
/**
* httpClient的get請求方式
* 使用GetMethod來訪問一個URL對應的網頁實現步驟:
* 1.生成一個HttpClient對象並設置相應的參數;
* 2.生成一個GetMethod對象並設置響應的參數;
* 3.用HttpClient生成的對象來執行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
* 4.處理響應狀態碼;
* 5.若響應正常,處理HTTP響應內容;
* 6.釋放連接。
* @param url
* @param charset
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String charset){
/**
* 1.生成HttpClient對象並設置參數
*/
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
//設置Http連接超時為5秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
/**
* 2.生成GetMethod對象並設置參數
*/
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
//設置get請求超時為5秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
//設置請求重試處理,用的是默認的重試處理:請求三次
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
String response = "";
/**
* 3.執行HTTP GET 請求
*/
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
/**
* 4.判斷訪問的狀態碼
*/
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
System.err.println("請求出錯:" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
}
/**
* 5.處理HTTP響應內容
*/
//HTTP響應頭部信息,這里簡單打印
Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
for (Header h: headers){
System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
}
//讀取HTTP響應內容,這里簡單打印網頁內容
//讀取為字節數組
byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
response = new String(responseBody, charset);
System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
//讀取為InputStream,在網頁內容數據量大時候推薦使用
//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
} catch (HttpException e) {
//發生致命的異常,可能是協議不對或者返回的內容有問題
System.out.println("請檢查輸入的URL!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e){
//發生網絡異常
System.out.println("發生網絡異常!");
}finally {
/**
* 6.釋放連接
*/
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return response;
}
/**
* post請求
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
//設置json格式傳送
postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
//必須設置下面這個Header
postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
//添加請求參數
postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));
String res = "";
try {
int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
if (code == 200){
res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println(res);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "UTF-8");
System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");
System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");
System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject);
}
}
2.3 通過Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基礎上修改更新而來的,這里還涉及到請求頭token的設置(請求驗證),利用fastjson轉換請求或返回結果字符串為json格式,當然上面兩種方式也是可以設置請求頭token、json的,這里只在下面說明。
導入如下jar包:
<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.28</version>
</dependency>
代碼如下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author: Yang JianQiu
* @Date: 2019/4/26 11:41
* Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient
* 【參考資料】
* https://www.cnblogs.com/siv8/p/6222709.html
* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727
*/
public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface {
private static String tokenString = "";
private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
/**
* 以get方式調用第三方接口
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String doGet(String url, String token){
//創建HttpClient對象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
try {
if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用於token驗證使用
get.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
get.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 以post方式調用第三方接口
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
try {
if (httpClient == null){
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
tokenString = getToken();
}
//api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭,用於token驗證使用
post.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString());
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//發送json數據需要設置contentType
s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//設置請求參數
post.setEntity(s);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
//返回json格式
String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
return res;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (httpClient != null){
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 獲取第三方接口的token
*/
public static String getToken(){
String token = "";
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("appid", "appid");
object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");
try {
if (httpClient == null){
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
}
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");
post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(object.toString());
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
//發送json數據需要設置contentType
s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//設置請求參數
post.setEntity(s);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
//這里可以把返回的結果按照自定義的返回數據結果,把string轉換成自定義類
//ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);
//把response轉為jsonObject
JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
if (result.containsKey("token")){
token = result.getString("token");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return token;
}
/**
* 測試
*/
public static void test(String telephone){
JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("telephone", telephone);
try {
//首先獲取token
tokenString = getToken();
String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);
//如果返回的結果是list形式的,需要使用JSONObject.parseArray轉換
//List<Result> list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);
System.out.println(response);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test("12345678910");
}
}
2.4 通過SpringBoot-RestTemplate
springBoot-RestTemple是上面三種方式的集大成者,代碼編寫更加簡單,目前可以采用的調用第三方接口有:
- delete() 在特定的URL上對資源執行HTTP DELETE操作
- exchange() 在URL上執行特定的HTTP方法,返回包含對象的ResponseEntity,這個對象是從響應體中映射得到的
- execute() 在URL上執行特定的HTTP方法,返回一個從響應體映射得到的對象
- getForEntity() 發送一個HTTP GET請求,返回的ResponseEntity包含了響應體所映射成的對象
- getForObject() 發送一個HTTP GET請求,返回的請求體將映射為一個對象
- postForEntity() POST 數據到一個URL,返回包含一個對象的ResponseEntity,這個對象是從響應體中映射得到的
- postForObject() POST 數據到一個URL,返回根據響應體匹配形成的對象
- headForHeaders() 發送HTTP HEAD請求,返回包含特定資源URL的HTTP頭
- optionsForAllow() 發送HTTP OPTIONS請求,返回對特定URL的Allow頭信息
- postForLocation() POST 數據到一個URL,返回新創建資源的URL
- put() PUT 資源到特定的URL
注意:目前標紅的為常用的
首先導入springboot的web包
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring restTemplate-->
<!-- @ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs)
生成spring-configuration-metadata.json類,需要引入此類-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在啟動類同包下創建RestTemplateConfig.java類
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @Author: Yang JianQiu
* @Date: 2019/4/28 14:01
*/
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
}
然后在Service類(RestTemplateToInterface )中注入使用
具體代碼如下:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.swordfall.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @Author: Yang JianQiu
* @Date: 2019/4/28 14:13
*
* 【參考資料】
* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15452971/article/details/79416469
* https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40461281/article/details/83540604
*/
@Service
public class RestTemplateToInterface {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 以get方式請求第三方http接口 getForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith1(String url){
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);
User user = responseEntity.getBody();
return user;
}
/**
* 以get方式請求第三方http接口 getForObject
* 返回值返回的是響應體,省去了我們再去getBody()
* @param url
* @return
*/
public User doGetWith2(String url){
User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
return user;
}
/**
* 以post方式請求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith1(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
/**
* 以post方式請求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/
public String doPostWith2(String url){
User user = new User("小白", 20);
String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
return body;
}
/**
* exchange
* @return
*/
public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
//header參數
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
String token = "asdfaf2322";
headers.add("authorization", token);
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
//放入body中的json參數
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("age", age);
obj.put("name", name);
//組裝
HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
return body;
}
}
總結
【github地址】
https://github.com/SwordfallYeung/JavaInvokingHttpInterface.git
【參考資料】
http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html 純Java api HttpURLConnection
https://blog.csdn.net/chijiandi/article/details/81388240 純Java api HttpURLConnection
https://www.cnblogs.com/xuegu/p/8490815.html 封裝api HttpClient
https://www.cnblogs.com/unknows/p/8534713.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727 封裝api HttpClient
https://blog.csdn.net/a1032818891/article/details/81172478 SpringBoot-RestTemplate


