表單驗證分為前端驗證和服務器端驗證。
服務器端驗證方面，Java提供了主要用於數據驗證的JSR 303規范，而Hibernate Validator實現了JSR 303規范。
項目依賴加入spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf時，默認就會加入Hibernate Validator的依賴。
開發環境：IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
Spring Boot版本：2.1.8
新建一個名稱為demo的Spring Boot項目。
1、pom.xml
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency>
2、src/main/java/com/example/demo/User.java
package com.example.demo; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length; import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; public class User { @NotBlank(message = "用戶名不能為空") String name; @Length(min = 11, max = 11, message = "手機號長度必須11位") String phone; @Size(min = 6, max = 20, message = "密碼長度6-20位") String password; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
3、src/main/java/com/example/demo/FormController.java
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult; import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.validation.Valid; import java.util.List; @Controller public class FormController { @RequestMapping("/{form}") public String form(@PathVariable String form, @ModelAttribute User user){ return form; } @PostMapping("/submit") public String submit(@Valid User user, BindingResult result){ if (result.hasErrors()) { List<ObjectError> list = result.getAllErrors(); for (ObjectError error : list) { System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage()); } return "form"; } //業務邏輯處理 return "form"; } }
4、src/main/resources/templates/form.html
前端通過#fields對象輸出錯誤信息有2種方式，1種是在每個字段后面輸出，另1種是全部在一起輸出。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>表單的提交處理</title>
<style>
.fieldError{color: red}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" th:action="@{/submit}" th:object="${user}">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用戶名：</td>
<td><input type="text" th:field="*{name}" />
<span class="fieldError" th:if="${#fields.hasErrors('*{name}')}" th:errors="*{name}"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>手機號：</td>
<td><input type="text" th:field="*{phone}" />
<span class="fieldError" th:if="${#fields.hasErrors('*{phone}')}" th:errors="*{phone}"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密碼：</td>
<td><input type="text" th:field="*{password}" />
<span class="fieldError" th:if="${#fields.hasErrors('*{password}')}" th:errors="*{password}"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
<div th:each="err : ${#fields.errors('*')}">
<span th:text="${err}" class="fieldError"></span>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
啟動服務后，瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:8080/form，點擊提交按鈕，結果如下：
