Elasticsearch中文文檔,內容不全

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-10-16 11:34 799 ---Elasticsearch

注意

內容不全,這是觀看中文文檔進行操作的

文檔地址

舊版中文文檔,部分內容過期 https://www.elastic.co/guide/cn/elasticsearch/guide/current/index.html

1.0.0 `基礎入門`

1.1.0 `你知道的,為了搜索...`

1.1.1 `索引員工文檔`

megacorp 索引名稱 -> 數據庫
employee 類型名稱 -> 表
1 特定雇員的ID -> 主鍵
請求體 JSON文檔 -> 行

PUT /megacorp/employee/1
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}
PUT /megacorp/employee/2
{
    "first_name" :  "Jane",
    "last_name" :   "Smith",
    "age" :         32,
    "about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":  [ "music" ]
}
PUT /megacorp/employee/3
{
    "first_name" :  "Douglas",
    "last_name" :   "Fir",
    "age" :         35,
    "about":        "I like to build cabinets",
    "interests":  [ "forestry" ]
}

執行聚合"aggs"需要設置"fielddata":true

PUT megacorp/employee/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "interests":{
      "type": "text", 
      "fielddata": true
    }
  }
}

1.1.2 `檢索文檔`

根據索引類型 id查詢指定文檔

GET /megacorp/employee/1

結果

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 4,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {//原始JSON文檔
    "first_name": "John",
    "last_name": "Smith",
    "age": 25,
    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

1.1.3 `輕量搜索`

根據索引類型查詢全部文檔

GET /megacorp/employee/_search

結果

{
  "took": 1,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,//匹配到3條
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [//顯示匹配的記錄
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Douglas",
          "last_name": "Fir",
          "age": 35,
          "about": "I like to build cabinets",
          "interests": [
            "forestry"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

1.1.4 `使用查詢表達式搜索`

查詢 last_name=smith

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {"last_name" : "Smith"}
    }
}

結果

...
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
...

1.1.5 `更復雜的搜索`

查詢 last_name=smith and age>30

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "bool": {
            "must": {
                "match" : {
                    "last_name" : "smith" 
                }
            },
            "filter": {
                "range" : {
                    "age" : { "gt" : 30 } 
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

結果

...
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
...

1.1.6 `全文檢索`

查詢about中含有詞rock climbing
根據匹配得分_score進行排序

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {"about" : "rock climbing"}
    }
}

結果

...
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,//匹配2條
    "max_score": 0.5753642,//最大得分
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,//得分低 因為"about"只包含了"rock"
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
...

1.1.7 `短語搜索`

僅匹配"about"中含有"rock climbing"短語
根據匹配得分"_score"進行排序

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {"about" : "rock climbing"}
    }
}

結果

...
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
...

1.1.8 `高亮搜索`

根據匹配得分"_score"進行排序
在"highlight"中使用"em"標簽封裝了"about"中匹配到的詞

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {"about" : "rock climbing"}
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {"about" : {}}
    }
}

結果

...
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.5753642,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {//匹配到的使用了"em"標簽封裝
          "about": [
            "I love to go <em>rock</em> <em>climbing</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
...

1.1.9 `分析`

按照"interests"進行分組

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "all_interests": {//聚合桶名稱
      "terms": { "field": "interests" }
    }
  }
}

結果

...
  "aggregations": {
    "all_interests": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "music",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "forestry",
          "doc_count": 1
        },
        {
          "key": "sports",
          "doc_count": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
...

查詢 last_name=smith 並按照"interests"中的內容進行分組

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": { "last_name": "smith"}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "all_interests": {
      "terms": {"field": "interests" }
    }
  }
}

結果

...
  "aggregations": {
    "all_interests": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "music",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "sports",
          "doc_count": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
...

先聚合桶再進行度量

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "aggs" : {
        "all_interests" : {
            "terms" : { "field" : "interests" },
            "aggs" : {
                "avg_age" : {"avg" : { "field" : "age" }}
            }
        }
    }
}

結果

...
  "aggregations": {
    "all_interests": {//聚合桶名稱
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "music",
          "doc_count": 2,
          "avg_age": {
            "value": 28.5
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "forestry",
          "doc_count": 1,
          "avg_age": {
            "value": 35
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "sports",
          "doc_count": 1,
          "avg_age": {
            "value": 25
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
...

1.2.0 `集群內的原理`

1.2.1 `集群健康`

GET /_cluster/health

結果
①

green 所有的主分片和副本分片都正常運行。
yellow 所有的主分片都正常運行，但不是所有的副本分片都正常運行。
red 有主分片沒能正常運行。

{
  "cluster_name": "docker-cluster",
  "status": "yellow",//①
  "timed_out": false,
  "number_of_nodes": 1,
  "number_of_data_nodes": 1,
  "active_primary_shards": 23,
  "active_shards": 23,
  "relocating_shards": 0,
  "initializing_shards": 0,
  "unassigned_shards": 20,
  "delayed_unassigned_shards": 0,
  "number_of_pending_tasks": 0,
  "number_of_in_flight_fetch": 0,
  "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis": 0,
  "active_shards_percent_as_number": 53.48837209302325
}

1.2.2 `添加索引`

PUT /blogs
{
   "settings" : {
      "number_of_shards" : 3,//分片
      "number_of_replicas" : 1//副本
   }
}

1.3.0 `數據輸入和輸出`

1.3.1 `文檔元數據`

_index 放在哪個數據庫 這個名字必須小寫,不能以下划線開頭,不能包含逗號
_type 放在哪個表 可以是大寫或者小寫,但是不能以下划線或者句號開頭,不應該包含逗號,並且長度限制為256個字符
_id 文檔唯一標識 字符串類型,不指定會自動生成

1.3.2 `索引文檔`

指定id創建文檔

PUT /website/blog/123
{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text":  "Just trying this out...",
  "date":  "2014/01/01"
}

不指定id創建文檔

PUT /website/blog
{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text":  "Just trying this out...",
  "date":  "2014/01/01"
}

1.3.3 `取回一個文檔`

GET website/blog/123

結果

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "123",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "title": "My first blog entry",
    "text": "Just trying this out...",
    "date": "2014/01/01"
  }
}

只返回原始文檔_source

GET website/blog/123/_source

結果

{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text": "Just trying this out...",
  "date": "2014/01/01"
}

1.3.4 `檢查文檔是否存在`

使用HEAD代替GET,只返回請求頭,沒有請求體

HEAD /website/blog/123

返回 200 - OK

HEAD /website/blog/124

返回 404 - Not Found

1.3.5 `更新整個文檔`

刪除舊文檔,創建一個新文檔,如果不存在就創建一個新文檔

PUT /website/blog/123
{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text":  "I am starting to get the hang of this...",
  "date":  "2014/01/02"
}

1.3.6 `創建新文檔`

加參數存在不能創建

POST /website/blog/123?op_type=create
{
 "name":"taopanfeng" 
}

等同於下面

POST /website/blog/123/_create
{
 "name":"taopanfeng1" 
}

都是返回結果

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[blog][123]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [5])",
        "index_uuid": "reL04BFdQN-YCE3l9THqjA",
        "shard": "0",
        "index": "website"
      }
    ],
    "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason": "[blog][123]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [5])",
    "index_uuid": "reL04BFdQN-YCE3l9THqjA",
    "shard": "0",
    "index": "website"
  },
  "status": 409
}

不加參數

POST /website/blog/111
{
 "name":"taopanfeng" 
}

不存在創建result是created,_version是1

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "111",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 1,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

存在更新result是updated,_version加1

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "111",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

1.3.7 `刪除文檔`

DELETE /website/blog/123

已存在結果 result為deleted

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "123",
  "_version": 6,
  "result": "deleted",//刪除成功
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 5,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

不存在結果 result為not_found

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "123",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "not_found",//未找到
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 6,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

1.3.8 `處理沖突`

兩個人在購買同一種物品,原庫存100,A讀取到,B也讀取到,B買了一件這個商品,
此時商品庫存為99,但是B讀取到的是100,B買了一件之后還是99,就形成了沖突

悲觀鎖 我修改之后,別人才可以修改
樂觀鎖 假設不可以沖突,如果讀取的時候被修改,就更新失敗
elasticsearch就是使用樂觀鎖

1.3.9 `樂觀並發控制`

創建一篇文章

PUT /website/blog/888/_create
{
 "name":"taopanfeng888" 
}

獲取數據

GET /website/blog/888

結果,其中_version就是版本號

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "888",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "taopanfeng888"
  }
}

現在修改文檔,指定版本號為當前版本號1

PUT /website/blog/888?version=1
{
 "name":"taopanfeng888-update"
}

結果修改成功 _version版本號+1 result為updated

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "888",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 1,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

如果仍然執行上面 version=1
結果修改失敗因為需要指定version等於當前版本號才可以修改

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[blog][888]: version conflict, current version [2] is different than the one provided [1]",
        "index_uuid": "reL04BFdQN-YCE3l9THqjA",
        "shard": "2",
        "index": "website"
      }
    ],
    "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason": "[blog][888]: version conflict, current version [2] is different than the one provided [1]",
    "index_uuid": "reL04BFdQN-YCE3l9THqjA",
    "shard": "2",
    "index": "website"
  },
  "status": 409
}

但是我們可以使用 version_type指定external來設置
但是指定的version要大於當前版本號,小於等於都不可以

PUT /website/blog/888?version=99&version_type=external
{
 "name":"taopanfeng888-v99" 
}

結果修改成功版本號也改為了99

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "888",
  "_version": 99,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

1.3.10 `文檔的部分更新`

先添加一篇文章

PUT /website/blog/3/_create
{
  "name":"taopanfeng"
}

使用POST請求加上參數_update來對doc添加指定更新
如果doc中指定屬性不存在則添加
如果存在 age=26 又改為 age=27 則會更新成功
如果存在 age=27 又改為 age=27 則會不進行更新返回result為noop
如果為多個字段例如 age=27 and sex=man 更新其中任何一個就可以更新成功

POST /website/blog/3/_update
{
  "doc": {
    "age":26
  }
}

結果更新成功版本號+1 result為updated

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "3",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

檢索 GET /website/blog/3

{
  "_index": "website",
  "_type": "blog",
  "_id": "3",
  "_version": 2,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "taopanfeng",
    "age": 26
  }
}

1.3.11 `取回多個文檔`

查詢website/blog/2 website/blog/1並只顯示name字段 website/pageviews/1

GET /_mget
{
   "docs" : [
      {
         "_index" : "website",
         "_type" :  "blog",
         "_id" :    2
      },
      {
         "_index" : "website",
         "_type" :  "blog",
         "_id" :    1,
         "_source": "name"//只顯示"name"屬性
      },
      {
         "_index" : "website",
         "_type" :  "pageviews",//查詢類型為"pageviews"
         "_id" :    1
      }
   ]
}

結果

{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "blog",
      "_id": "2",
      "_version": 2,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "name": "taopanfeng",
        "age": 26
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "blog",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 2,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "name": "taopanfeng"//指定了"_source": "name"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "pageviews",
      "_id": "1",
      "found": false//未找到
    }
  ]
}

查詢 id為2 1 55

GET /website/blog/_mget
{
   "ids" : [ "2", "1" ,"55"]
}

結果

{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "blog",
      "_id": "2",
      "_version": 2,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "name": "taopanfeng",
        "age": 26
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "blog",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 2,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "name": "taopanfeng",
        "age": 26
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "website",
      "_type": "blog",
      "_id": "55",
      "found": false
    }
  ]
}

1.3.12 `代價較小的批量操作`

每個操作都是獨立的,互不影響

bulk允許多次 create,index,update,delete
create 成功201 失敗409
index 成功201
update 成功200 失敗404 _id不存在
delete 成功200 失敗404 _id不存在

POST _bulk
{ "create":  { "_index": "website", "_type": "blog", "_id": "1" }}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "create":  { "_index": "website", "_type": "blog", "_id": "2" }}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "index":  { "_index": "website", "_type": "blog"}}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "delete": { "_index": "website", "_type": "blog", "_id": "1" }}
{ "update":{ "_index": "website", "_type": "blog", "_id": "2" }}
{"doc":{"content":"I'm content...."}}

改進都是操作同一個索引類型

POST /website/blog/_bulk
{ "create":  {"_id": "1" }}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "create":  {"_id": "2" }}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "index":  {}}
{ "title":    "My first blog post" }
{ "delete": {"_id": "1" }}
{ "update":{"_id": "2" }}
{"doc":{"content":"I'm content...."}}

1.4.0 `搜索——最基本的工具`

1.4.1 `多索引,多類型`

//查找所有索引的所有文檔
GET _search

//查找cars索引的所有文檔
GET cars/_search

//*代表[0,多]
GET website,cars/_search
GET *sit*,*ar*/_search

//it開頭的索引的所有文檔
GET it*/_search

//查詢"site"結尾,"it"開頭,含有"ar"的所有索引的所有文檔
GET *site,it*,*ar*/_search

//查詢"item"和"website"索引的"blog"類型的文檔
GET item,website/blog/_search

//查找所有索引的"blog" "user"類型文檔
GET _all/blog,user/_search

1.4.2 `分頁`

size默認10 代表"hits"數組顯示的數量,最小為0,大於等於"total"都會顯示全部
from默認0 代表要跳過幾條
例如 一共五條 size=2 from=1 則只會顯示第2 3兩條數據

GET _search
{
 "size":10,
 "from":0
}

//等同於

GET _search?size=10&from=0

1.5.0 `映射和分析`

1.5.1 `映射`

獲取映射

GET cars/transactions/_mapping

結果

{
  "cars": {
    "mappings": {
      "transactions": {
        "properties": {
          "color": {
            "type": "text",
            "fields": {
              "keyword": {
                "type": "keyword",
                "ignore_above": 256
              }
            }
          },
          "make": {
            "type": "text",
            "fields": {
              "keyword": {
                "type": "keyword",
                "ignore_above": 256
              }
            }
          },
          "price": {
            "type": "long"
          },
          "sold": {
            "type": "date"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

字符串類型
- text 可分詞,不可聚合
- keyword 可聚合,不可分詞
基本數值類型
- long、interger、short、byte、double、float、half_float
日期類型
- date 建議存為 long類型

創建映射字段
設置"index": "false"不能對該字段進行搜索
text類型默認會進行分詞,也可以指定分詞器"analyzer": "分詞器"
text想設置聚合需要設置 "fielddata": true

PUT 索引/類型/_mapping/
{
  "properties": {
    "字段名稱": {
      "type": "text",
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
    },
    "字段名稱": {
      "type": "keyword",
      "index": "false"
    },
    "字段名稱": {
      "type": "float"
    }
  }
}

查看映射關系

GET 索引/類型/_mapping

刪除索引

DELETE 索引

1.6.0 `請求體查詢`

1.6.1 `查詢表達式`

查詢全部索引的全部類型
請求體為空可以省略
全部索引 _all 可以省略

GET _search

GET _search
{}

GET _search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

GET _all/_search
{}

指定索引類型查詢
*可以表示零個或多個,cars可以匹配ca* *ar* *s

查詢多個索引的全部類型的全部文檔

GET 索引1,索引2/_search

查詢多個索引的多個類型的全部文檔

GET 索引1,索引2/類型1,類型2/_search

查詢 price=15000

GET cars/transactions/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "price": 15000
    }
  }
}

1.6.2 `最重要的查詢`

match_all默認的查詢,匹配所有文檔

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
	"match_all": {}
  }
}

結果

{
  "took": 4,//查詢耗時4毫秒
  "timed_out": false,//沒有超時
  "_shards": {//分片
	"total": 5,//一共5個
	"successful": 5,//成功5個
	"skipped": 0,//跳過0個
	"failed": 0//失敗0個
  },
  "hits": {//查詢到的數據
	"total": 3,//查詢總條數
	"max_score": 1,//最大得分1
	"hits": [//查詢到的數據所有文檔
	  {//一個文檔
		"_index": "a1",//數據庫
		"_type": "student",//表
		"_id": "2",//注解 每個文檔的唯一標識
		"_score": 1,//得分是1 滿分是最大得分
		"_source": {//查詢到的數據 包括 字段 字段值 -> k:v
		  "name": "大米手機",
		  "age": 22
		}
	  },
	  {
		"_index": "a1",
		"_type": "student",
		"_id": "CA2Yqm0Bmr19jrNQ7nRL",
		"_score": 1,
		"_source": {
		  "name": "小米手機",
		  "age": 11
		}
	  },
	  {
		"_index": "a1",
		"_type": "student",
		"_id": "3",
		"_score": 1,
		"_source": {
		  "name": "小米電視4K",
		  "age": 33,
		  "address": "安徽阜陽小米酒店101"
		}
	  }
	]
  }
}

match查詢
text類型會分詞查詢字符串
數組,日期,布爾或not_analyzed字符串字段,就會精准匹配

{ "match": { "tweet": "About Search" }}

{ "match": { "age":    26           }}

{ "match": { "date":   "2014-09-01" }}

{ "match": { "public": true         }}

{ "match": { "tag":    "full_text"  }}

//測試筆記
match
查詢 name=小米電視
因為使用了分詞,默認是or 所以可匹配 -> 小米 or 電視
GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "小米電視"
    }
  }
}

查詢分詞,指定and可匹配 -> 小米 and 電視
GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": {
        "query": "小米電視",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

可以指定分詞的個數,
1 -> 匹配任意一個詞
2 -> 匹配任意兩個詞
3 -> 因為超過了分詞量,所以匹配不到
GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": {
        "query": "小米電視",
        "minimum_should_match": 1
      }
    }
  }
}

3x0.66=1.98,因為1.98<2 所以匹配任意一個
GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": {
        "query": "小米智能電視",
        "minimum_should_match": "66%"
      }
    }
  }
}

3x0.67=2.01,因為2.01>2 所以匹配任意兩個
GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": {
        "query": "小米智能電視",
        "minimum_should_match": "67%"
      }
    }
  }
}

multi_match多字段搜索 name like '%大米%' or f1 like '%大米%'

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "大米",
      "fields": ["name","f1"]
    }
  }
}

range查詢 10<=age<=20
lt <
lte <=
gt >
gte >=

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 10,
        "lte": 20
      }
    }
  }
}

term精准匹配

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "age": {
        "value": 11
      }
    }
  }
}

terms多值匹配,滿足一個即可

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "age": [11,22,77]
    }
  }
}

exists查詢存在指定字段的文檔

GET a1/student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists":{
      "field":"address"
    }
  }
}

1.6.3 `組合多查詢`

與 must[{1},{2}] 滿足所有
查詢"name"分詞有"小米"並且"age"等於11或者22

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "terms": {
            "age": [11,22]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

非 must_not[{1},{2}] 不滿足所有
查詢"name"分詞沒有"小米並且"age"不等於11或者22

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "terms": {
            "age": [11,22]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

或 should[{1},{2}] 滿足任意一個

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "terms": {
            "age": [11,22]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

結果過濾

查詢字段只顯示 name age
並且查詢 age in [11,22,77]
GET a1/_search
{
  "_source": ["name","age"],
  "query": {
    "terms": {
      "age": [11,22,77]
    }
  }
}

查詢所有 只顯示"address"字段,沒有此字段的顯示空
GET a1/_search
{
  "_source": {
    "includes": ["address"]
  }
}

查詢所有只除了"address"字段,其他全顯示
GET a1/_search
{
  "_source": {
    "excludes": ["address"]
  }
}

過濾 filter會將評分設置為0,不會使評分對結果影響
查詢"name"=小米並且10<=age<=20

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "name": "小米"
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 10,
            "lte": 20
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

1.7.0 `排序與相關性`

1.7.1 `排序`

排序
查詢"name"=小米並按照年齡降序

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "小米"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

多字段排序先排序第一個,第一個相同才會對第二個進行排序

GET a1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "小米"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {"age": {"order": "desc"}},
	{"_score": {"order": "asc"}}
  ]
}

1.7.2 `什么是相關性?`

檢索詞頻率 一個詞出現次數多相關性越高
反向文檔頻率 一個詞只在一個文檔中存在,相關性高,如果在十個文檔中存在,相關性低
字段長度准則 "a"在"ab"中相關性比在"abcd"中要高,長度越短越高

1.8.0 `索引管理`

1.8.1 `創建一個索引`

手動創建索引

PUT 索引名
{
	"settings":{...},
	"mappings":{
		"類型名稱1":{...},
		"類型名稱2":{...}
	}
}

設置禁止自動創建索引
找到 config/elasticsearch.yml
在每個節點下添加 action.auto_create_index: false

1.8.2 `刪除一個索引`

刪除指定索引

DELETE /my_index

刪除多個索引

DELETE /index_one,index_two
DELETE /index_*

+刪除全部索引

DELETE /_all
DELETE /*

如果不想使用 _all 或 * 來批量刪除索引
設置elasticsearch.yml配置action.destructive_requires_name: true

1.8.3 `索引設置`

number_of_shards 分片默認5
number_of_replicas 副本默認1

PUT /my_temp_index
{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards" :   1,
        "number_of_replicas" : 0
    }
}

可以修改副本,不能修改分片

PUT /my_temp_index/_settings
{
    "number_of_replicas": 1
}

1.8.4 `索引別名`

創建一個索引g

PUT g

查看g

GET g

結果此時aliases為空

{
  "g": {
    "aliases": {},
    "mappings": {},
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1570706049853",
        "number_of_shards": "5",
        "number_of_replicas": "1",
        "uuid": "N0uDV7bmSRGBYG3Vnk51Og",
        "version": {
          "created": "6050099"
        },
        "provided_name": "g"
      }
    }
  }
}

創建一個別名g1

PUT g/_alias/g1

此時執行GET g 或 GET g1是一樣的效果,返回

{
  "g": {
    "aliases": {
      "g1": {}
    },
...

批量操作
指定g刪除別名g1
指定g添加別名g2
指定g添加別名g3

POST _aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {"remove": {"index": "g","alias": "g1"}},
    {"add": {"index": "g","alias": "g2"}},
    {"add": {"index": "g","alias": "g3"}}

  ]
}

結果

{
  "g": {
    "aliases": {
      "g2": {},
      "g3": {}
    },
...

2.0.0 `深入搜索`

2.1.0 `結構化搜索`

2.1.1 `精確值查找`

先設置類型,設置productID不分詞,可以精確查找

PUT my_store/products/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "productID":{
      "type": "keyword"
    }
  }
}

添加數據

POST /my_store/products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "price" : 10, "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "price" : 20, "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "price" : 30, "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7" }
{ "index": { "_id": 4 }}
{ "price" : 30, "productID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8" }

精確查找 price=20

GET my_store/products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term" : {
      "price" : 20
    }
  }
}

不希望評估計算,進行排除,包括的計算
這樣做可以優化速度,統計評分設置 1

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : { 
            "filter" : {
                "term" : { 
                    "price" : 20
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

查詢 productID=XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "term" : {
                    "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.1.2 `組合過濾器`

布爾過濾器 bool
- must:[{1},{2}] 都滿足 and
- must_not:[{1},{2}] 都不滿足 not
- should:[{1},{2}] 滿足一個即可 or

組合 (price=20 or productID=XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3) and price!=30

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
   "query" : {
      "bool" : {
        "should" : [
           { "term" : {"price" : 20}}, 
           { "term" : {"productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}} 
        ],
        "must_not" : {
           "term" : {"price" : 30} 
        }
     }
   }
}

嵌套 price=30 and (productID!=JODL-X-1937-#pV7)

GET my_store/products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {"term": {"price": 30}},
        {"bool": {"must_not": [
          {"term": {"productID": "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}}
        ]}}
      ]
    }
  }
}

2.1.3 `查找多個精確值`

查找 price in (20,30)

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "terms" : { 
                    "price" : [20, 30]
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.1.4 `范圍`

數值范圍 price BETWEEN 20 AND 40

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "price" : {
                        "gte" : 20,
                        "lt"  : 40
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

日期范圍
定義日期類型

PUT my_store
{
  "mappings": {
    "products": {
      "properties": {
        "date":{
          "type": "date",
          "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

插入數據

POST /my_store/products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 5 }}
{  "date":"2019-10-10 15:35:20"}
{ "index": { "_id": 6 }}
{ "date":"2019-10-09 16:32:12"}
{ "index": { "_id": 7 }}
{ "date":"2019-09-09 16:32:12"}

可以使用now表示當前時間
因為我們定義格式為"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" 所有y M d H m s表示年月日時分秒

查詢date大於等於當前時間的上一個月

GET my_store/products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "date": {
        "lte": "now-1M"
      }
    }
  }
}

指定時間查詢大於"2019-09-10 11:11:11"

GET my_store/products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "date": {
        "gt": "2019-09-10 11:11:11"
      }
    }
  }
}

2.1.5 `處理null值`

查詢存在date字段的文檔,並且date IS NOT NULL

GET my_store/products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "exists":{
      "field":"date"
    }
  }
}

2.2.0 `全文檢索`

寫到這里,就不往下寫了,這時我去看7.4的官方文檔了

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Elasticsearch中文文檔,內容不全

注意

文檔地址

1.0.0 基礎入門

1.1.0 你知道的,為了搜索...

1.1.1 索引員工文檔

1.1.2 檢索文檔

1.1.3 輕量搜索

1.1.4 使用查詢表達式搜索

1.1.5 更復雜的搜索

1.1.6 全文檢索

1.1.7 短語搜索

1.1.8 高亮搜索

1.1.9 分析

1.2.0 集群內的原理

1.2.1 集群健康

1.2.2 添加索引

1.3.0 數據輸入和輸出

1.3.1 文檔元數據

1.3.2 索引文檔

1.3.3 取回一個文檔

1.3.4 檢查文檔是否存在

1.3.5 更新整個文檔

1.3.6 創建新文檔

1.3.7 刪除文檔

1.3.8 處理沖突

1.3.9 樂觀並發控制

1.3.10 文檔的部分更新

1.3.11 取回多個文檔

1.3.12 代價較小的批量操作

1.4.0 搜索——最基本的工具

1.4.1 多索引,多類型

1.4.2 分頁

1.5.0 映射和分析

1.5.1 映射

1.6.0 請求體查詢

1.6.1 查詢表達式

1.6.2 最重要的查詢

1.6.3 組合多查詢

1.7.0 排序與相關性

1.7.1 排序

1.7.2 什么是相關性?

1.8.0 索引管理

1.8.1 創建一個索引

1.8.2 刪除一個索引

1.8.3 索引設置

1.8.4 索引別名

2.0.0 深入搜索

2.1.0 結構化搜索

2.1.1 精確值查找

2.1.2 組合過濾器

2.1.3 查找多個精確值

2.1.4 范圍

2.1.5 處理null值

2.2.0 全文檢索