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ElasticSearch（三）：通分詞器（Analyzer）進行分詞（Analysis）

本文轉載自   查看原文   2019-10-11 11:05   390    ElasticStack學習

ElasticSearch（三）：通過分詞器（Analyzer）進行分詞（Analysis）

學習課程鏈接《Elasticsearch核心技術與實戰》


## Analysis與Analyzer * Analysis文本分析就是把全文轉換成一系列單詞的過程，也叫做分詞。 * Analysis是通過Analyzer來實現的，它是專門處理分詞的組件。可以使用ElasticSearch內置的分詞器，也可以按需定制化分詞器。 * 除了在數據寫入時用分詞器轉換詞條，在匹配查詢語句時，也需要用相同的分詞器對查詢語句進行分析。

Analyzer的組成

分詞器是專門處理分詞的組件，Analyzer由三個部分組成：
file

  • Character Filters：主要作用是對原始文本進行處理，例如去除HTML標簽。
  • Tokenizer：主要作用是按照規則來切分單詞。
  • Token Filter：將切分好的單詞進行加工，例如：小寫轉換、刪除停用詞、增加同義詞。

ElasticSearch的內置分詞器

  • Standard Analyzer：默認分詞器，按詞切分，小寫處理。
#standard
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：Quick小寫處理， brown-foxes被切分為 brown，foxes
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "2",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "<NUM>",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "running",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "quick",#小寫處理
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 21,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "foxes",
      "start_offset" : 22,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazy",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "dogs",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "in",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "the",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 54,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 11
    },
    {
      "token" : "evening",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 12
    }
  ]
}
  • Simple Analyzer：按照非字母切分（符號被過濾），小寫處理。
#simpe
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "simple",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：數字2被過濾，Quick小寫處理， brown-foxes被切分為 brown，foxes
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "running",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "quick",
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 21,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "foxes",
      "start_offset" : 22,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazy",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "dogs",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "in",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "the",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 54,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "evening",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 11
    }
  ]
}
  • Stop Analyzer：停用詞過濾（is/a/the），小寫處理。
#stop
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "stop",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：2，in，the被過濾，Quick小寫處理， brown-foxes被切分為 brown，foxes
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "running",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "quick",
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 21,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "foxes",
      "start_offset" : 22,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazy",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "dogs",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "evening",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 11
    }
  ]
}
  • WhiteSpace Analyzer：按照空格切分，不轉小寫。
#whitespace
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "whitespace",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：按空格切分
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "2",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "running",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "Quick",
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown-foxes",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazy",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "dogs",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "in",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "the",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 54,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "evening.",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 70,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 11
    }
  ]
}
  • Keyword Analyzer：不分詞，直接將輸入當作輸出。
#keyword
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "keyword",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening.",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 70,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 0
    }
  ]
}
  • Pattern Analyzer：正則表達式分詞，默認\W+（非字符分隔）。
#pattern
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "pattern",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "2",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "running",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "quick",
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 21,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "foxes",
      "start_offset" : 22,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazy",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "dogs",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "in",
      "start_offset" : 48,
      "end_offset" : 50,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 9
    },
    {
      "token" : "the",
      "start_offset" : 51,
      "end_offset" : 54,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 10
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 11
    },
    {
      "token" : "evening",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "word",
      "position" : 12
    }
  ]
}
  • Language：提供了30多種常見語言的分詞器。
#english
GET _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "english",
  "text": "2 running Quick brown-foxes leap over lazy dogs in the summer evening."
}

#分詞結果：running轉為run，Quick轉為quick，brown-foxes 轉為brown、fox，in、the過濾等等
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "2",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "<NUM>",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "run",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 9,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "quick",
      "start_offset" : 10,
      "end_offset" : 15,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "brown",
      "start_offset" : 16,
      "end_offset" : 21,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "fox",
      "start_offset" : 22,
      "end_offset" : 27,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "leap",
      "start_offset" : 28,
      "end_offset" : 32,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "over",
      "start_offset" : 33,
      "end_offset" : 37,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 6
    },
    {
      "token" : "lazi",
      "start_offset" : 38,
      "end_offset" : 42,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 7
    },
    {
      "token" : "dog",
      "start_offset" : 43,
      "end_offset" : 47,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 8
    },
    {
      "token" : "summer",
      "start_offset" : 55,
      "end_offset" : 61,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 11
    },
    {
      "token" : "even",
      "start_offset" : 62,
      "end_offset" : 69,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 12
    }
  ]
}
  • Custom Analyzer：自定義分詞器。
#需要安裝analysis-icu插件
POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "icu_analyzer",
  "text": "他說的確實在理”"
}

#返回結果
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "他",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "說的",
      "start_offset" : 1,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "確實",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "在",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 6,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "理",
      "start_offset" : 6,
      "end_offset" : 7,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 4
    }
  ]
}

中文分詞比較：

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "他說的確實在理”"
}

#返回結果
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "他",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "說",
      "start_offset" : 1,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "的",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 3,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 2
    },
    {
      "token" : "確",
      "start_offset" : 3,
      "end_offset" : 4,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 3
    },
    {
      "token" : "實",
      "start_offset" : 4,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 4
    },
    {
      "token" : "在",
      "start_offset" : 5,
      "end_offset" : 6,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 5
    },
    {
      "token" : "理",
      "start_offset" : 6,
      "end_offset" : 7,
      "type" : "<IDEOGRAPHIC>",
      "position" : 6
    }
  ]
}


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