oracle 常用查詢語句

 

一、一般日常用的腳本

1、檢查源庫每個節點至少3組redo
select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024,members,status from v$log;

select group#,thread#,sequence#,BYTES/1024/1024,archived,used,status from v$standby_log;

--查看回收站

SELECT * FROM DBA_RECYCLEBIN;

--查看表的信息
select table_name,num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len，last_analyzed from user_tables; --普通表
select * from user_tab_partitions;--分區表
select table_name,partition_name,subpartition_name,num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len,last_analyzed from user_tab_subpartitions; --子分區
select table_name,
partitioning_type,
subpartitioning_type,
partition_count
from user_part_tables
where subpartitioning_type <> 'NONE'; --查看分區表中帶子分區的個數

--當前用戶下，某個分區的記錄數是平均記錄數的2倍以上
set linesize 266
col table_name format a20
select table_name,
max(num_rows),
trunc(avg(num_rows),0),
sum(num_rows),
trunc(max(num_rows) / sum(num_rows),2),
count(*)
from user_tab_partitions
group by table_name
having max(num_rows) / sum(num_rows) > 2 / count(*);

--查看有子分區的數據情況：
select table_name,partition_name,subpartition_name,
num_rows


--索引列的統計信息
BLEVEL, --索引的層數
LEAF_BLOCKS, --葉子結點的個數
DISTINCT_KEYS, --唯一值的個數
AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY, --每個KEY的平均葉塊個數
AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY, --每個KEY的平均數據塊個數
CLUSTERING_FACTOR --群集因子

select index_name,table_name,blevel, leaf_blocks, distinct_keys, avg_leaf_blocks_per_key,avg_data_blocks_per_key, clustering_factor from user_indexes; --普通表

select index_name,"COMPOSITE",SUBPARTITION_COUNT,PARTITION_NAME,blevel, leaf_blocks, distinct_keys, avg_leaf_blocks_per_key,avg_data_blocks_per_key, clustering_factor from user_ind_partitions --分區表

--查看普通索引失效：
select t.index_name,
t.table_name,
blevel,
t.num_rows,
t.leaf_blocks,
t.distinct_keys
from user_indexes t
where status = 'INVALID';

--查看分區索引失效：
select t.index_name,
t.table_name,
blevel,
t.num_rows,
t.leaf_blocks,
t.distinct_keys
from user_ind_subpartitions t
where index_name in (select index_name from user_indexes)
and status = 'INVALID'

--查看子分區索引
select t.index_name,
t.partition_name,
blevel,
t.num_rows,
t.leaf_blocks,
t.distinct_keys
from user_ind_subpartitions t
where index_name in (select index_name from user_indexes)
and status = 'INVALID'

分區表和子分區表
select index_name,PARTITION_NAME,SUBPARTITION_NAME,blevel,leaf_blocks,distinct_keys, avg_leaf_blocks_per_key,avg_data_blocks_per_key, clustering_factor from user_ind_subpartitions; --子分區表

查看直方圖：
SELECT table_name,column_name, num_distinct,low_value, high_value, density, num_nulls, num_buckets, histogram from user_tab_columns;

select * from user_tab_histograms;
select * from user_part_histograms;
select * from user_subpart_histograms;

查看列的信息：
NUM_DISTINCT, --唯一值的個數
LOW_VALUE, --列上的最小值
HIGH_VALUE, --列上的最大值
DENSITY, --選擇率因子（密度）
NUM_NULLS, --空值的個數
NUM_BUCKETS, --直方圖的BUCKET個數
HISTOGRAM --直方圖的類型
直方圖是一種列的特殊的統計信息，主要用來描述列上的數據分布情況，
SELECT table_name,column_name, num_distinct,low_value, high_value, density, num_nulls, num_buckets, histogram from user_tab_columns ;
直方圖：直方圖意義：在oracle數據庫中，CBO會默認認為目標列的數據量在其最小值和最大值之間是均勻分布的（最小值最大值不准確會導致謂詞越界），
並且會按照這個均勻分布原則來計算對目標列事假的where查詢條件后的可選這率及結果集的cardinality,進而據此來計算成本值並選擇執行計划。但是，目標列的數據是均勻分布的按照這個原則選擇執行計划是正確的；
如果目標數據列分布不均勻，甚至是嚴重傾斜，分布極度不均勻，那么這個按照這個原則選擇執行計划就不合適，甚至是錯誤的，為此我們需要對那些數據分布不均勻的列進行直方圖收集。

直方圖實際存儲在數據字典sys.histgrm$中，可以通過數據字典dba_tab_historgrams,dba_part_histograms和dba_subpart_histograms來分別查看表，分區表的分區和分區表的子分區的直方圖信息。

收集統計信息的語句：
analyze 命令的語法如下：
analyze table tablename compute statistics;
analyze table tablename compute statistics for all indexes;
analyze table tablename delete statistics;
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats 收集表、列和索引的統計信息；
dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats 收集SCHEMA下所有對象的統計信息；
dbms_stats.gather_index_stats 收集索引的統計信息；
dbms_stats.gather_system_stats 收集系統統計信息

表統計信息的查看：
包含表行數，使用的塊數，空的塊數，塊的使用率，行遷移和鏈接的數量，pctfree，pctused的數據，行的平均大小：
NUM_ROWS, --表中的記錄數
BLOCKS, --表中數據所占的數據塊數
EMPTY_BLOCKS, --表中的空塊數
AVG_SPACE, --數據塊中平均的使用空間
CHAIN_CNT, --表中行連接和行遷移的數量
AVG_ROW_LEN --每條記錄的平均長度

統計信息的收集：
BEGIN
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname => 'hr',
tabname => 'employees',
estimate_percent => 100,
method_opt => 'for all columns size',
no_invalidate => FALSE,
degree => 1,
cascade => TRUE);
END;
/

刪除直方圖的影響：
BEGIN
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(
ownname => 'hr',
tabname => 'employees',
estimate_percent => 100,
method_opt => 'for all columns size 1',
no_invalidate => FALSE,
degree => 1,
cascade => TRUE);
END;
/

for all columns size 1 為所有size 放在一個桶里面（即為刪除）

select a.table_name,a.column_name,
b.num_rows,
a.num_distinct Cardinality,
round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
a.histogram,
a.num_buckets
from user_tab_col_statistics a, user_tables b
where
a.table_name = b.table_name

oracle 一般查詢數據行數在5%及以下,用到索引過略字段，CBO會走索引
生成了直方圖之后 執行以下兩個句子查看一下分別的執行計划對比看看

NUM_ROWS 表示總行數
CARDINALITY 表示基數
SELECTIVITY表示選擇性 選擇性在10%以上都比較高了
HISTOGRAM表示直方圖的類型：
FREQUECNCY頻率直方圖、 當列中Distinct_keys 較少(小於254)，如果不手工指定直方圖桶數(BUCKET)，Oracle就會自動的創建頻率直方圖，並且桶數(BUCKET)等於Distinct_Keys。
HEIGHT BALANCED 高度平衡直方圖 當列中Distinct_keys大於254，如果不手工指定直方圖桶數(BUCKET)，Oracle就會自動的創建高度平衡直方圖。
NONE表示未收集直方圖
NUM_BUCKETS 表示桶數

3、疑問使用直方圖的場合

1、直方圖到底應該什么時候收集直方圖？
就查一下執行計划和實際查詢行數進行比較 估算的基數ROWS是不是算錯了。
構造直方圖最主要的原因就是幫助優化器在表中數據嚴重偏斜時做出更好的規划
注意：如果查詢不引用該列，則創建直方圖沒有意義。這種錯誤很常見，許多 DBA 會在偏差列上創建柱狀圖，即使沒有任何查詢引用該列。
2、只對有索引的列收集直方圖也是錯的！
3、直方圖究竟是干嘛的？
告訴CBO 有沒有收集直方圖 這個列是不是均衡的
1. 沒收集直方圖 ---CBO認為這個列是分布均勻的
2. 收集過了 ---告訴CBO這個列數據有問題 分布不均衡,特別是頻率直方圖算的會很准

最終就是影響rows

#重啟完后，可通過下面語句查看修改地方：
set lines 500 pages 0
col value for a90
col name for a50
select name,value
from v$parameter
where name in('db_name','db_unique_name',
'log_archive_config',
'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
'log_archive_dest_1',
'log_archive_dest_2',
'remote_login_passwordfile',
'log_archive_format',
'log_archive_max_processes',
'fal_server',
'db_file_name_convert',
'log_file_name_convert',
'standby_file_management')
/

表空間總容量和使用的表空間：
select
(select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024/1024 bytes from dba_data_files) total_TB,
(select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024/1024 from dba_segments ) use_TB,
(select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from dba_segments where SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE') table_G,
(select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from dba_segments where SEGMENT_TYPE='INDEX') index_G
from dual;

所有的hint，都可以從如下11g的視圖中獲取到。select * from
v$sql_hint;其中該視圖的name和inverse是相反的hint，比較有意義。
其中有些變化，比如parallel的hint變成shared，在實際使用中，是一樣的。

 11g默認啟動了統計信息收集的任務，默認運行時間是周一到周五晚上10點和周6，周天的早上6點

select window_name,
window_next_time,
autotask_status,
optimizer_stats
from DBA_AUTOTASK_WINDOW_CLIENTS;

SMART_DT2

收縮表空間：
alter tablespace name shrink space 200; --收縮到200M。

alter tablespace name shrink space; 不加keep 收縮到最小。

alter tablespace name shrink datafile '路徑';

由於以上shrink不能shrink 本地管理的表空間，只能shrink臨時表空間，所以用resize;

SELECT 'alter database datafile ' || D.FILE_ID || ' resize 1G;'
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SMART_NSNRP_2017';

查看執行計划真實hash值：

select distinct a.sql_text,a.sql_id,b.plan_hash_value
from v$sql a inner join v$sql_plan b on a.hash_value=b.hash_value

 PDB,CDB查看：

show pdbs；

 show con_id;

alter session set container=cdb$root;

 grant select_catalog_role to c##test container=all;

 

CONN / AS SYSDBA

-- Create a pluggable database
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1
  ADMIN USER pdb_admin IDENTIFIED BY Password1
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE SIZE 1M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

-- Create a local user.
CREATE USER local_user IDENTIFIED BY Local1 QUOTA UNLIMITED ON users;
GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE TO local_user;

CREATE TABLE local_user.local_user_tab AS
SELECT level AS ID
FROM   dual
CONNECT BY level <= 2;

CONN / AS SYSDBA

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdb1;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 OPEN;
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb3 FROM pdb1;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb3 OPEN;

grant create session to C##test;  
grant create table to   C##test;  
grant create tablespace to   C##test;  
grant create view to   C##test;
alter user C##test quota unlimited on CDBTEST; 
alter user C##test quota unlimited on USERS;

CDB 環境中的用戶

CDB 環境中包含兩類用戶，公用用戶和本地用戶。

公用用戶

創建公用用戶

公用用戶是在 root 容器數據庫中和所有的 PDB 數據庫中都存在的用戶， 公用用戶必須在根容器中創建 ，然后此用戶會在所有的現存的 PDB 中自動創建， 公用用戶標識必須以 c## 或者 C## 開頭 ， sys 和 system 用戶是 Oracle 在 CDB 環境中自動創建的公用用戶。

創建語句為：

create user c##test identified by test;

(1)      公用用戶在 root 容器中創建小結：

(2)      公用用戶名稱比較特殊，要以 c## 或者 C## 開頭

公用用戶賦權

創建完成公用用戶，需要為公用用戶賦予所有可插拔數據庫的權限，公用用戶才可以訪問其他 PDB ，如果在連接根容器時僅僅為公用用戶賦予了相關權限，那么該權限不會被傳遞到所有的可插拔數據庫中，必須為公用用戶賦予能夠傳遞到 PDB 中的權限，可以創建公用角色然后賦予公用用戶，或者在為公共用戶付權時指定子句 container=ALL;

小結：

（1）        公用用戶要連接 pdb 需要賦予對應權限

（2）        賦予的權限方式可以是加 container=all( 或 container=pdb) ；也可以通過賦予 role 角色權限。

賦予 c##mytest1 用戶基本的連接權限。

grant resource,connect to c##test container=all;

 

alter pluggable database orclpdb open; -->指定某個pdb啟動，比如orclpdb

alter  pluggable  database  all  open ;  -->所有的pdb數據庫都啟動

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb4
  OPEN READ ONLY;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb4
  CLOSE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb4
  OPEN READ ONLY RESTRICTED;

歸檔日志是公用的

在 CDB 環境中所有的 PDB 共用 CDB 的歸檔模式，以及歸檔文件，不可以單獨為 PDB 設置自己的歸檔模式，只有特權用戶連接根容器之后才可以啟動歸檔模式。

UNDO MODE- -UNDO 表空間

（1）        在 12.2 之前的版本中，所有的 PDB 共用 CDB$ROOT 中的 UNDO 文件

（2）        在 12.2 之后的版本中 UNDO 的使用模式有兩種： SHARED UNDO MODE 和 LOCAL UNDO MODE ，顧名思義， LOCAL UNDO MODE 就是每個 PDB 使用自己的 UNDO 表空間，但當 PDB 中沒有自己的 UNDO 表空間時，會使用 CDB$ROOT 中的公共 UNDO 表空間。

SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database  closed.

Database  dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

SQL> startup upgrade

ORACLE instance started.

  

Total System  Global  Area 1241513984 bytes

Fixed  Size                   8792248 bytes

Variable  Size              788531016 bytes

Database  Buffers          436207616 bytes

Redo Buffers                7983104 bytes

Database  mounted.

Database  opened.

SQL>

SQL>  alter  database  local  undo  off ;

  

Database  altered.

 

可以通過 v$system_parameter 視圖查看 PDB 中可修改的參數：

SELECT  name  FROM  v$system_parameter

WHERE  ispdb_modifiable =  'TRUE'

ORDER  BY  name ;

 

查看pdb時區

select  dbtimezone  from  dual;

 

(10046TRACE）
/*

步驟1：alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12'; （開啟跟蹤）
步驟2：執行你的語句
步驟3：alter session set events '10046 trace name context off'; （關閉跟蹤）
步驟4：找到跟蹤后產生的文件
步驟5：tkprof trc文件 目標文件 sys=no sort=prsela,exeela,fchela （格式化命令）

*/
set autotrace off
alter session set statistics_level=typical;
alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';

SELECT *
FROM t1, t2
WHERE t1.id = t2.t1_id
AND t1.n in(18,19);

alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

12c之前查看trace文件：

select d.value
|| '/'
|| LOWER (RTRIM(i.INSTANCE, CHR(0)))
|| '_ora_'
|| p.spid
|| '.trc' trace_file_name
from (select p.spid
from v$mystat m,v$session s, v$process p
where m.statistic#=1 and s.sid=m.sid and p.addr=s.paddr) p,
(select t.INSTANCE
FROM v$thread t,v$parameter v
WHERE v.name='thread'
AND(v.VALUE=0 OR t.thread#=to_number(v.value))) i,
(select value
from v$parameter
where name='user_dump_dest') d;

12c之后 查看trace文件：

select d.value
|| '/'
|| LOWER (RTRIM(i.INSTANCE, CHR(0)))
|| '_ora_'
|| p.spid
|| '.trc' trace_file_name
from (select p.spid
from v$mystat m,v$session s, v$process p
where m.statistic#=1 and s.sid=m.sid and p.addr=s.paddr) p,
(select t.INSTANCE
FROM v$thread t,v$parameter v
WHERE v.name='thread'
AND(v.VALUE=0 OR t.thread#=to_number(v.value))) i,
(select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Trace') d;

臨時表空間：
set lin 140
SELECT d.status "Status", d.tablespace_name "Name", d.CONTENTS "Type",
d.extent_management "Extent Management",
TO_CHAR (NVL (a.BYTES / 1024 / 1024, 0), '99,999,990.900') "Size (M)",
TO_CHAR (NVL (t.BYTES, 0) / 1024 / 1024, '99999999.999')
|| '/'
|| TO_CHAR (NVL (a.BYTES / 1024 / 1024, 0), '99999999.999') "Used (M)",
TO_CHAR (NVL (t.BYTES / a.BYTES * 100, 0), '990.00') "Used %"
FROM SYS.dba_tablespaces d,
(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM (BYTES) BYTES
FROM dba_temp_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name) a,
(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM (bytes_cached) BYTES
FROM v$temp_extent_pool
GROUP BY tablespace_name) t
WHERE d.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name(+)
AND d.tablespace_name = t.tablespace_name(+)
AND d.extent_management LIKE 'LOCAL'
AND d.CONTENTS LIKE 'TEMPORARY';

查看表使用的表空間：

select distinct tablespace_name from user_tab_partitions where table_name='S_T_RTNRP_STATUS';

resize 重置數據文件大小：

set lin 200 pages 2000
select ' alter database datafile '''||file_name ||''' resize 200m;' from dba_data_files where tablespace_name
in (
'SMART_NRRPSTA08',
'SMART_NRRPSTA09',
'SMART_NRRPSTA10',
'SMART_NRRPSTA05',
'SMART_NRRPSTA11',
'SMART_NRRPSTA12',
'SMART_NRRPSTA07',
'SMART_NRRPSTA06',
'SMART_NRRPSTA04',
'SMART_NRRPSTA02',
'SMART_NRRPSTA03',
'SMART_NRRPSTA01'
);

查看分區的個數以及每個分區記錄數：

select t.table_name, t.partition_name, t.num_rows, t.last_analyzed
from user_tab_partitions t
where t.table_name = 'S_T_REPORT_PUSH';

如果統計信息不准確：

--做一次表分析
exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'PINTEST',tabname=>'BILLLOG_T',granularity=>'ALL');

create table S_OPERATELOG_TONGJI_62TEST tablespace SMART_DT2 as select * from S_OPERATELOG_TONGJI where 1=0;

查看表空間數據文件是否自動擴展情況：

WITH D1 AS
(SELECT B.TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(SUM(B.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) USERD_G
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE B
GROUP BY B.TABLESPACE_NAME),
D2 AS
(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
SUM(MAX_EXTENDED_G) AS MAX_EXTENDED_G,
SUM(TOTAL_G) AS TOTAL_G
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
AUTOEXTENSIBLE AS "EXTEND",
ROUND(SUM(BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "TOTAL_G",
ROUND(SUM(MAXBYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "MAX_EXTENDED_G",
ROUND(SUM((MAXBYTES - BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "FREE_EXTEND_G",
ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / SUM(MAXBYTES), 4) * 100 "USERD_RATE%"
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
WHERE AUTOEXTENSIBLE = 'YES'
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME, AUTOEXTENSIBLE
UNION
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
AUTOEXTENSIBLE AS "EXTEND",
ROUND(SUM(USER_BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "TOTAL_G",
ROUND(SUM(BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "MAX_EXTENDED_G",
ROUND(SUM((BYTES - USER_BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) "FREE_EXTEND_G",
ROUND(SUM(USER_BYTES) / SUM(BYTES), 4) * 100 "USERD_RATE%"
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
WHERE AUTOEXTENSIBLE = 'NO'
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME, AUTOEXTENSIBLE)
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME )
SELECT D2.TABLESPACE_NAME,
D2.MAX_EXTENDED_G,
D2.TOTAL_G,
D1.USERD_G,
round((D1.USERD_G/D2.MAX_EXTENDED_G*100),2) AS "RATE%"
FROM D2,D1
WHERE D2.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) = D1.TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER BY 5 DESC;

 

--查看表空間剩余
set linesize 200;
col TABLESPACE_NAME for a30;
select a.TABLESPACE_NAME tbs_name,
round(a.BYTES/1024/1024) Total_MB,
round((a.BYTES-nvl(b.BYTES, 0)) /1024/1024) Used_MB,
round((1-((a.BYTES-nvl(b.BYTES,0))/a.BYTES))*100,2) Pct_Free,
nvl(round(b.BYTES/1024/1024), 0) Free_MB ,
auto
from (select TABLESPACE_NAME,
sum(BYTES) BYTES,
max(AUTOEXTENSIBLE) AUTO
from sys.dba_data_files
group by TABLESPACE_NAME) a,
(select TABLESPACE_NAME,
sum(BYTES) BYTES
from sys.dba_free_space
group by TABLESPACE_NAME) b
where a.TABLESPACE_NAME = b.TABLESPACE_NAME (+)
order by ((a.BYTES-b.BYTES)/a.BYTES) desc
/

 

 

62,61熱盤的排序：
select tablespace_name,
ROUND(sum(bytes / 1024 / 1024 / 1024),2) G
from dba_data_files
where file_name like '+FDATADG%'
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ORDER BY 2 DESC;

查看表空間所包含的對象：

select owner,TABLE_NAME from dba_tables name where tablespace_name='&name'
union
select owner,index_name from dba_indexes where tablespace_name='&name'
union
select table_owner,table_name from dba_tab_subpartitions where tablespace_name='&name'
union
select table_owner,table_name from dba_tab_partitions where tablespace_name='&name'

分區大小：

select round(sum(bytes / 1024 / 1024 / 1024), 2) G
from dba_segments
where segment_name = 'S_OPERATELOG_2018' and partition_name like 'OPLOG_1811%'

 

查看ASM磁盤使用情況

select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,STATE,TYPE,TOTAL_MB/1024 TOTAL_G,FREE_MB/1024 FREE_G,
ROUND((TOTAL_MB-FREE_MB)/TOTAL_MB,4)*100 "RATE%" from v$asm_diskgroup;

查看數據文件：
select file_name,bytes/1024/1024/1024 total_G,tablespace_name,maxbytes/1024/1024/1024,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='';

col tablespace_name for a30
col file_name for a60
set lin 140
set pagesize 50
with
D as (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME ,
ROUND((SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024)),2) SPACE,
SUM(BLOCKS) BLOCKS
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME),
F as (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024),2)
FREE_SPACE FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME),
T as (select distinct TABLESPACE_NAME,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files)
SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,
SPACE "SUM_SPACE(M)" ,
SPACE-NVL(FREE_SPACE,0) "USED_SPACE(M)",
FREE_SPACE "FREE_SPACE(M)" ,
ROUND((1-NVL(FREE_SPACE,0)/SPACE) *100,2) "USED_RATE(%)",t.AUTOEXTENSIBLE
from D,F,T
WHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME(+)=D.TABLESPACE_NAME AND D.TABLESPACE_NAME=F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+)
ORDER BY "USED_RATE(%)";

查看會話：

set lin 200 pages 100
col s.machine for a20
col substr(p.program, 1, 40) for a30
select s.machine,
substr(s.program, 1, 40) prog,
COUNT(*)
from v$session s, v$process p where s.username is not null
AND s.paddr = p.addr
GROUP BY s.machine,substr(s.program, 1, 40) ORDER BY 3 DESC;

查看SQL:

netstat -nuptl |grep 32756

查看sql語句：
select * from v$sqlarea c
where c.HASH_VALUE =(
select d.PREV_HASH_VALUE from v$session d
where d.sid='&sid'
);

查看等待事件（enquence）：

col event for a30
col username for a15
set lin 140
select sid,serial#,username, event, sql_id, last_call_et as "times(s)",p1, p2, p3,program
from v$session
where status ='ACTIVE' and username is not null
order by event,last_call_et desc;

ps -ef|grep pmon|grep -v grep|awk '{print "kill -9 "$1}'
殺進程
查看進程：
ps -ef|grep pmon|grep -v grep|awk '{print "kill -9 "$1,$2}'

查看生成的trac 文件；
SQL> ORADEBUG setmypid

分開窗口執行
SQL> ORADEBUG hanganalyze

利用trace文件，查看sql_id;

select sid,serial#,paddr,username,status,sql_id from v$session where sid=數字;
查看sql語句：
select sql_text from v$sqltext where sql_id = '&sql_id' order by address,piece；

方法一：殺進程源頭：ps -ef |grep 655902（ospid）

查看spid(ospid)是否為local=no
kill -9 spid(ospid)
方法2：一個個殺：
select s.sid,p.spid from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.sid in
(select sid from v$session where event='latch: cache buffers chains' );
確認所有spid 為local=no;
kill -9 spid 一個個殺；
檢查是否存在壞塊：
desc v$database_block_corruption
select * from v$database_block_corruption;

 

select event,count(1) from gv$session group by event order by 2;
select * from v$lock_type where type='TT';
select sid,last_call_et,blocking_sid from v$session where xxxx

set line 999 pages 1000
set long 200
col machine for a20
col prog for a30
col OSUSER for a20
select to_char(s.LOGON_TIME,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') LOGON_TIME,
s.sid,
s.serial#,
s.machine,
p.spid,
s.status,
substr(s.program, 1, 40) prog,
s.osuser,
s.USERNAME
from v$session s, v$process p where s.username is not null
AND s.paddr = p.addr and
--substr(s.program, 1, 40)
s.machine='WORKGROUP\MD-100-81';

 

輸入：S_T_RTNRP_STATUS_2017

重置表空間的數據文件：

select ' alter ' || ' database datafile ''' || file_name ||
''' resize 2g ' || ';'
from dba_data_files
where tablespace_name = 'SMART_NRRPSTA_2017';

 

(10046TRACE）

/*

 

  步驟1：alter session set events '10046 trace name context  forever,level 12'; （開啟跟蹤）

  步驟2：執行你的語句

  步驟3：alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';   （關閉跟蹤）

  步驟4：找到跟蹤后產生的文件

  步驟5：tkprof  trc文件  目標文件  sys=no sort=prsela,exeela,fchela  （格式化命令）    

 

*/

set autotrace off

alter session set statistics_level=typical;    

alter session set events '10046 trace name context  forever,level 12';

 

SELECT  *

FROM t1, t2

WHERE t1.id = t2.t1_id

AND t1.n in(18,19);  

  

alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';  

 

12c之前查看trace文件：

 

select d.value

|| '/'

|| LOWER (RTRIM(i.INSTANCE, CHR(0)))

|| '_ora_'

|| p.spid

|| '.trc' trace_file_name

from (select p.spid

      from v$mystat m,v$session s, v$process p

      where  m.statistic#=1 and s.sid=m.sid and p.addr=s.paddr) p,

      (select t.INSTANCE

       FROM v$thread t,v$parameter v

       WHERE v.name='thread'

       AND(v.VALUE=0 OR t.thread#=to_number(v.value))) i,

       (select value

       from v$parameter

       where name='user_dump_dest') d;

      

12c之后 查看trace文件：

 

select d.value

|| '/'

|| LOWER (RTRIM(i.INSTANCE, CHR(0)))

|| '_ora_'

|| p.spid

|| '.trc' trace_file_name

from (select p.spid

      from v$mystat m,v$session s, v$process p

      where  m.statistic#=1 and s.sid=m.sid and p.addr=s.paddr) p,

      (select t.INSTANCE

       FROM v$thread t,v$parameter v

       WHERE v.name='thread'

       AND(v.VALUE=0 OR t.thread#=to_number(v.value))) i,

       (select value from v$diag_info where  name='Diag Trace') d;

 exit

tkprof  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_17496.trc /home/oracle/10046.txt

 

五、DG傳輸過程監控

1、查看備庫工作模式及狀態

set lin 140 pages 100
select inst_id,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status,force_logging from gv$database;

select db_unique_name,protection_mode,synchronization_status,SYNCHRONIZED from v$archive_dest_status;

2、日志恢復進程
archive log list;
select thread#,max(sequence#) from v$archived_log group by thread#;
select pid,process,client_process,client_pid,thread#,sequence#,status,DELAY_MINS from v$managed_standby;

--RFS進程從主數據庫接收重做數據，並將其寫入備用重做日志。

3、查看standbylog狀態，如果是RAC兩節點，那么每個節點至少有一個是ACTIVE的狀態，否則不對
set lines 200
select group#,thread#,sequence#,bytes/1024/1024,archived,used,status,first_change#,last_change# from v$standby_log;

檢查備庫已恢復的最大歸檔日志序號
select thread#,max(sequence#),registrar,applied,status from v$archived_log where applied='YES' and registrar='RFS' and name is not null
group by thread#,registrar,applied,status;

4、檢查應用率和活動率（PS）
--Redo Applied 值以MB衡量。剩余兩個以KB/s計算。
select to_char(start_time,'DD-MON-RR HH24:MI:SS') start_time,ITEM,sofar
from v$recovery_progress
where item in ('Active Apply Rate','Average Apply Rate','Redo Applied');

5、審閱傳輸和應用滯后（PS+LS）
--transport lag 表明從主數據庫到物理備用數據庫的重做數據傳輸時間。
--apply lag 表明應用滯后時間，它反映了archive_log_dest_n參數中 DELAY 特性。

COL NAME FOR A13
COL VALUE FOR A20
COL UNIT FOR A30
SET LINES 200
select name,value,unit,time_computed
from v$dataguard_stats
where name like '%lag%';

6、查看Data Guard狀態視圖中的錯誤
set lines 132
col message for a80
col timestamp for a20
select error_code,severity,message,
to_char(timestamp,'DD-MON-RR HH24:MI:SS') timestamp
from v$dataguard_status
where callout='YES'
and timestamp > sysdate -1;

7、檢查日志文件是否傳輸到備用數據庫
select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest where dest_id=2;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
-------------------- ---------- --------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID

status列如果為valid，說明歸檔成功，可以查看error列得到不能歸檔的原因

 

六、修改DG保護模式
1、查看當前保護模式 主庫查詢
select inst_id,db_unique_name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode,protection_level,switchover_status,force_logging from gv$database;

2、將備庫轉換為最大可用模式
--主庫數據庫操作 --將最大性能轉為最大可用
alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

 

 

二、較全一點的腳本

------------------------------SGA---------------------------------------------
--SGA 各部分大小
show sga
select * from v$sga;
SELECT * FROM V$SGAINFO;
--SGA設置大小
show parameter sga_target

--SGA各個池大小
COL name FORMAT a32;
SELECT pool, name, bytes/1024/1024 M
FROM v$sgastat
WHERE pool IS NULL
OR pool != 'shared pool'
OR (pool = 'shared pool' AND
(name IN
('dictionary cache', 'enqueue', 'library
cache', 'parameters', 'processes', 'sessions', 'free memory')))
ORDER BY pool DESC NULLS FIRST, name;


------------------------BUFFER CACHE-----------------------------------------------
--查看buffer cache 命中率
select 1 - (sum(decode(name, 'physical reads', value, 0)) /
(sum(decode(name, 'db block gets', value, 0)) +
(sum(decode(name, 'consistent gets', value, 0))))) "Buffer Hit Ratio"
from v$sysstat;

select name,
physical_reads,
(consistent_gets + db_block_gets) logic_reads,
1 - (physical_reads) / (consistent_gets + db_block_gets) hit_radio
from v$buffer_pool_statistics;

--查看buffer cache建議
select size_for_estimate,
estd_physical_read_factor,
to_char(estd_physical_reads, 99999999999999999999999) as"estd_physical_reads"
from v$db_cache_advice
where name = 'DEFAULT';

--查看buffer cache建議 --適用於指定SGA的目的
COL pool FORMAT a10;
SELECT (SELECT ROUND(value / 1024 / 1024, 0)
FROM v$parameter
WHERE name = 'db_cache_size') "Current Cache(Mb)",
name "Pool",
size_for_estimate "Projected Cache(Mb)",
ROUND(100 - estd_physical_read_factor, 0) "Cache Hit Ratio%"
FROM v$db_cache_advice
WHERE block_size = (SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = 'db_block_size')
ORDER BY 3;

--查看cache
show parameter cache

--各種讀取的統計
---Database read buffer cache hit ratio =
---1 – (physical reads / (db block gets + consistent gets))
SELECT to_char(value,'9999999999999'), name FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name IN
('physical reads', 'db block gets', 'consistent gets');

SELECT 'Database Buffer Cache Hit Ratio ' "Ratio"
, ROUND((1-
((SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'physical reads')
/ ((SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'db block gets')
+ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'consistent gets')
))) * 100)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL;

------------------------SHARED_POOL-----------------------------------------------

show parameter shared

---檢查整體命中率(library cache)
select sum(pinhits) get ,
sum(pins)-sum(pinhits) miss,
sum(pinhits) / sum(pins)
from v$librarycache;

-- 查看library cache 命中率（分類）

select t.NAMESPACE,t.GETHITRATIO*100
from v$librarycache t;

 

select sum(pins) "hits",
sum(reloads) "misses",
sum(pins) / (sum(pins) + sum(reloads)) "Hits Ratio"
from v$librarycache;e

---檢查shered pool free space
SELECT *
FROM V$SGASTAT
WHERE NAME = 'free memory'
AND POOL = 'shared pool';

---檢查row cache(數據字典緩沖區)命中率
---當執行一個dml或ddl都會造成對數據字典的遞歸修改
column updates format 999,999,999
SELECT parameter
, sum(gets)
, sum(getmisses)
, 100*sum(gets - getmisses) / sum(gets) pct_succ_gets
, sum(modifications) updates
FROM V$ROWCACHE
WHERE gets > 0
GROUP BY parameter;

SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;

---查看Shared pool latch(多池技術)

/*col parameter for a20
col session for a20*/
select a.ksppinm "Parameter",
b.ksppstvl "Session Value",
c.ksppstvl "Instance Value"
from sys.x$ksppi a, sys.x$ksppcv b, sys.x$ksppsv c
where a.indx = b.indx and a.indx = c.indx
and a.ksppinm = '_kghdsidx_count';

---查看shared pool建議
column c1 heading 'Pool |Size(M)'
column c2 heading 'Size|Factor'
column c3 heading 'Est|LC(M) '
column c4 heading 'Est LC|Mem. Obj.'
column c5 heading 'Est|Time|Saved|(sec)'
column c6 heading 'Est|Parse|Saved|Factor'
column c7 heading 'Est|Object Hits' format 999,999,999
SELECT shared_pool_size_for_estimate c1,
shared_pool_size_factor c2,
estd_lc_size c3,
estd_lc_memory_objects c4,
estd_lc_time_saved c5,
estd_lc_time_saved_factor c6,
to_char(estd_lc_memory_object_hits, 99999999999) c7
FROM V$SHARED_POOL_ADVICE;

--查看shared pool中 各種類型的chunk的大小數量
SELECT KSMCHCLS CLASS,
COUNT(KSMCHCLS) NUM,
SUM(KSMCHSIZ) SIZ,
To_char(((SUM(KSMCHSIZ) / COUNT(KSMCHCLS) / 1024)), '999,999.00') || 'k' "AVG SIzE"
FROM X$KSMSP
GROUP BY KSMCHCLS;

--查看是否有庫緩沖有關的等待事件
select sid, seq#, event, p1, p1raw, p2, p2raw, p3, p3raw, state
from v$session_wait
where event like 'library%';

--row cache命中率
SELECT 'Dictionary Cache Hit Ratio ' "Ratio",
ROUND((1 - (SUM(GETMISSES) / SUM(GETS))) * 100, 2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM V$ROWCACHE;

---library cache中詳細比率信息
SELECT 'Library Lock Requests' "Ratio",
ROUND(AVG(gethitratio) * 100, 2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE
UNION all
SELECT 'Library Pin Requests' "Ratio",
ROUND(AVG(pinhitratio) * 100, 2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE
UNION all
SELECT 'Library I/O Reloads' "Ratio",
ROUND((SUM(reloads) / SUM(pins)) * 100, 2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE ;


--查看library cache 內存分配情況(對哪類對象)
SELECT lc_namespace "Library",
LC_INUSE_MEMORY_OBJECTS "Objects",
LC_INUSE_MEMORY_SIZE "Objects Mb",
LC_FREEABLE_MEMORY_OBJECTS "Freeable Objects",
LC_FREEABLE_MEMORY_SIZE "Freeable Mb"
FROM v$library_cache_memory;

---查看使用shard_pool保留池情況
SELECT request_misses, request_failures, free_space
FROM v$shared_pool_reserved;



---查看cache中所有pool,命中情況
COL pool FORMAT a10;
SELECT a.name "Pool", a.physical_reads, a.db_block_gets
, a.consistent_gets
,(SELECT ROUND((1-(physical_reads / (db_block_gets + consistent_gets)))*100)
FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics
WHERE db_block_gets+consistent_gets != 0
AND name = a.name) "Ratio"
FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics a;


相關命令
--- alter table xx cache
---ALTER TABLE(INDEX) xx STORAGE(BUFFER_POOL KEEP);
---取消cache或keep(keep pool)
---ALTER TABLE XX NOCACHE;
---SELECT 'ALTER INDEX '||index_name||' STORAGE(BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT);'
---FROM USER_INDEXES WHERE BUFFER_POOL!='DEFAULT';

 

------------------------PGA-----------------------------------------------

---查看pga
show parameters area_size
--- 查看pga
SELECT * FROM v$pgastat;

--查看pga建議
SELECT (SELECT ROUND(value/1024/1024,0) FROM v$parameter
WHERE name = 'pga_aggregate_target') "Current Mb"
, ROUND(pga_target_for_estimate/1024/1024,0) "Projected Mb"
, ROUND(estd_pga_cache_hit_percentage) "%"
FROM v$pga_target_advice
ORDER BY 2;

------------------------其他指標類---------------------------------------

---查看數據庫中行chain
SELECT 'Chained Rows ' "Ratio",
ROUND((SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'table fetch continued row')/
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name IN ('table scan rows gotten', 'table fetch byrowid')
)* 100, 3)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL;

---在內存中排序比率(最優排序)
SELECT 'Sorts in Memory ' "Ratio",
ROUND((SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'sorts (memory)') /
(SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)')) * 100,
5) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL;


---查詢解析比率
SELECT 'Soft Parses ' "Ratio",
ROUND(((SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'parse count (total)') -
(SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'parse count (hard)')) /
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'execute count') * 100,
2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Hard Parses ' "Ratio",
ROUND((SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'parse count (hard)') /
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'execute count') * 100,
2) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Parse Failures ' "Ratio",
ROUND((SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'parse count (failures)') /
(SELECT SUM(value)
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'parse count (total)') * 100,
5) || '%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL;


--查詢latch free 等待事件相關信息
COL event FORMAT a20;
COL waits FORMAT 9999990;
COL timeouts FORMAT 99999990;
COL average FORMAT 99999990;
SELECT event "Event",
time_waited "Total Time",
total_waits "Waits",
average_wait "Average",
total_timeouts "Timeouts"
FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT
WHERE event = 'latch free'
ORDER BY EVENT;
---查看數據庫中查詢時主要訪問方式,獲取大表小表訪問比率(2個表的訪問算法不同)
---table scans (long tables)過多的話,一般db file scattered read比較顯著
---_small_table_threshold來定義大表和小表的界限。缺省為2%的Buffer數量 ,>這個參數為大表
---default 大表的全表掃描會被置於LRU的末端(最近最少使用,冷端)，以期盡快老化(讓其盡快換出buffer cache)，減少Buffer的占用
--表訪問統計
SELECT value, name
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name IN ('table fetch by rowid',
'table scans (short tables)',
'table scans (long tables)');

-----查看大表小表掃描對應的值
SELECT value, name FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name IN
('table fetch by rowid', 'table scans (short tables)'
, 'table scans (long tables)');


SELECT 'Short to Long Full Table Scans' "Ratio"
, ROUND(
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'table scans (short tables)')
/ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name IN
('table scans (short tables)', 'table scans (long tables)'))
* 100, 2)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Short Table Scans ' "Ratio"
, ROUND(
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'table scans (short tables)')
/ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name IN
('table scans (short tables)', 'table scans (long tables)', 'table fetch by rowid'))
* 100, 2)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Long Table Scans ' "Ratio"
, ROUND(
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name = 'table scans (long tables)')
/ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name
IN ('table scans (short tables)', 'table scans (long tables)', 'table fetch by rowid'))
* 100, 2)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Table by Index ' "Ratio"
, ROUND(
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name = 'table fetch by rowid')
/ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name
IN ('table scans (short tables)', 'table scans (long tables)'
, 'table fetch by rowid'))
* 100, 2)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL
UNION
SELECT 'Efficient Table Access ' "Ratio"
, ROUND(
(SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name
IN ('table scans (short tables)','table fetch by rowid'))
/ (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SYSSTAT WHERE name
IN ('table scans (short tables)', 'table scans (long tables)'
, 'table fetch by rowid'))
* 100, 2)||'%' "Percentage"
FROM DUAL;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
redo 相關

--查詢歸檔模式
select name ,open_mode,log_mode from v$database;
archive log list

---檢查日志切換頻率
select sequence#,
to_char(first_time, 'yyyymmdd_hh24:mi:ss') firsttime,
round((first_time - lag(first_time) over(order by first_time)) * 24 * 60,2) minutes
from v$log_history
where 1=1
-- and first_time > sysdate - 1
order by first_time, minutes;

---檢查lgwr i/o性能 (time_waited/total_waits：表示平均lgwr寫入完成時間 若>1(百分之一秒)表示寫入過慢)
select total_waits,
time_waited,
average_wait,
time_waited / total_waits as avg_time
from v$system_event
where event = 'log file parallel write';

---檢查與redo相關性能指標
select name,value from v$sysstat where name like '%redo%';

---查詢redo block size
select max(lebsz) from x$kccle;

---查看redo allocation latch

col name for a30
select name, gets, misses, misses / gets
from v$latch
where name = 'redo allocation';

col name for a30
select name, gets, misses, misses / gets
from v$latch_children
where name = 'redo allocation';

---查看與redo相關等待事件
col event format a40
select event,total_waits,time_waited ,total_timeouts,average_wait
from v$system_event
where upper(event) like'%REDO%';

 

---查看user commit次數
select to_number(value,99999999999) from v$sysstat where name='user commits';

---查看系統運行時間
select (sysdate - startup_time)*24*60*60 as seconds from v$instance

---計算出每秒用戶提交次數
select user_commit次數/系統運行時間 from dual;

 

---計算出每個事務平均處理多少個redo block
select a.redoblocks / b.trancount
from (select value redoblocks
from v$sysstat
where name = 'redo blocks written') a,
(select value trancount from v$sysstat where name = 'user commits') b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
總體配置
---檢查database基本信息
select * from v$version;
select name ,open_mode,log_mode from v$database;
--檢查是否為rac 實例數量
select instance_number,instance_name ,status from gv$instance;
show parameter cpu_count
--默認數據塊大小
show parameter block_size

--各種文件數量
select count(*) from v$controlfile
select count(*) from v$tempfile;
select count(*) from v$datafile;

--資源限制
SELECT * FROM V$RESOURCE_LIMIt ;

--數據庫安裝信息
SELECT *
FROM V$OPTION
--數據庫參數
show parameter

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
數據文件與空間類

--各種文件數量
select count(*) from v$tempfile;
select count(*) from v$datafile;

--表空間大小
select tablespace_name , sum(bytes)/1024/1024 M from dba_temp_files group by tablespace_name
union all
select tablespace_name , sum(bytes)/1024/1024 M from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;

--數據文件狀態
select t.online_status,count(*)
from dba_data_files t
group by t.online_status ;

--表空間基本信息
SELECT t.status,
t.tablespace_name,
t.extent_management,
t.segment_space_management,
t.contents
FROM DBA_TABLESPACES t
order by t.status

--臨時段使用情況
COL username FORMAT a10;
COL segtype FORMAT a10;
SELECT username,
segtype,
extents "Extents Allocated",
blocks "Blocks Allocated"
FROM v$tempseg_usage;

--查看臨時表空間總體使用情況
SELECT TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME,
SUM(TMP_TBS.TOTAL_MB) TOTAL_MB,
SUM(USED_TOT.USED_MB) USED_MB,
SUM(USED_TOT.USED_MB) / SUM(TMP_TBS.TOTAL_MB) * 100 USED_PERSENT
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 TOTAL_MB
FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) TMP_TBS,
(SELECT TMP_USED.TABLESPACE,
SUM(TMP_USED.BLOCKS * PARA.DB_BLOCK_SIZE) / 1024 / 1024 USED_MB
FROM V$SORT_USAGE TMP_USED,
(SELECT VALUE DB_BLOCK_SIZE
FROM V$PARAMETER
WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size') PARA
GROUP BY TMP_USED.TABLESPACE) USED_TOT
where TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME = USED_TOT.TABLESPACE(+)
GROUP BY TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME;

--查看臨時表空間中排序段和數據段的使用情況
SELECT TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME, USED_TOT.SEGTYPE TEMP_SEG_TYPE,
SUM(TMP_TBS.TOTAL_MB) TOTAL_MB,
SUM(USED_TOT.USED_MB) USED_MB,
SUM(USED_TOT.USED_MB) / SUM(TMP_TBS.TOTAL_MB) * 100 USED_PERSENT
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 TOTAL_MB
FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) TMP_TBS,
(SELECT TMP_USED.TABLESPACE, TMP_USED.SEGTYPE,
SUM(TMP_USED.BLOCKS * PARA.DB_BLOCK_SIZE) / 1024 / 1024 USED_MB
FROM V$SORT_USAGE TMP_USED,
(SELECT VALUE DB_BLOCK_SIZE
FROM V$PARAMETER
WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size') PARA
GROUP BY TMP_USED.TABLESPACE, TMP_USED.SEGTYPE) USED_TOT
where TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME = USED_TOT.TABLESPACE(+)
GROUP BY TMP_TBS.TABLESPACE_NAME, USED_TOT.SEGTYPE;

 

--表空間
set linesize 200;
col TABLESPACE_NAME for a30;
select a.TABLESPACE_NAME tbs_name,
round(a.BYTES/1024/1024) Total_MB,
round((a.BYTES-nvl(b.BYTES, 0)) /1024/1024) Used_MB,
round((1-((a.BYTES-nvl(b.BYTES,0))/a.BYTES))*100,2) Pct_Free,
nvl(round(b.BYTES/1024/1024), 0) Free_MB ,
auto
from (select TABLESPACE_NAME,
sum(BYTES) BYTES,
max(AUTOEXTENSIBLE) AUTO
from sys.dba_data_files
group by TABLESPACE_NAME) a,
(select TABLESPACE_NAME,
sum(BYTES) BYTES
from sys.dba_free_space
group by TABLESPACE_NAME) b
where a.TABLESPACE_NAME = b.TABLESPACE_NAME (+)
order by ((a.BYTES-b.BYTES)/a.BYTES) desc
/

---查看數據文件物理IO信息
SELECT fs.phyrds "Reads",
fs.phywrts "Writes",
fs.avgiotim "Average I/O Time",
df.name "Datafile"
FROM v$datafile df, v$filestat fs
WHERE df.file# = fs.file#
/

 

--查看所有數據文件i/o情況
/*COL ts FORMAT a10 HEADING "Tablespace";
COL reads FORMAT 999990999;
COL writes FORMAT 999999990;
COL br FORMAT 999999990 HEADING "BlksRead";
COL bw FORMAT 9999999990 HEADING "BlksWrite";
COL rtime FORMAT 9999999990;
COL wtime FORMAT 9999999990;
set linesize 3000;
set pagesize 9999;*/
SELECT ts.name AS ts,
fs.phyrds "Reads",
fs.phywrts "Writes",
fs.phyblkrd AS br,
fs.phyblkwrt AS bw,
fs.readtim/100 "RTime*s",
fs.writetim/100 "WTime*s"
FROM v$tablespace ts, v$datafile df, v$filestat fs
WHERE ts.ts# = df.ts#
AND df.file# = fs.file#
UNION
SELECT ts.name AS ts,
ts.phyrds "Reads",
ts.phywrts "Writes",
ts.phyblkrd AS br,
ts.phyblkwrt AS bw,
ts.readtim /100 "RTime*s",
ts.writetim/100 "WTime*s"
FROM v$tablespace ts, v$tempfile tf, v$tempstat ts
WHERE ts.ts# = tf.ts#
AND tf.file# = ts.file#
ORDER BY 1;

--定位哪些object在buffer cache中存在，占用的buffer cache的量是多少以及占用的是什么類型的buffer cache。
select decode(pd.bp_id,1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE',3,'DEFAULT',
4,'2K SUBCACHE',5,'4K SUBCACHE',6,'8K SUBCACHE',
7,'16K SUBCACHE',8,'32KSUBCACHE','UNKNOWN') subcache,
bh.object_name,bh.blocks
from x$kcbwds ds,x$kcbwbpd pd,(select set_ds,
o.name object_name,count(*) BLOCKS
from obj$ o, x$bh x where o.dataobj# = x.obj
and x.state !=0 and o.owner# !=0
group by set_ds,o.name) bh
where ds.set_id >= pd.bp_lo_sid
and ds.set_id <= pd.bp_hi_sid
and pd.bp_size != 0
and ds.addr=bh.set_ds
order by decode(pd.bp_id,1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE',3,'DEFAULT',
4,'2K SUBCACHE',5,'4K SUBCACHE',6,'8K SUBCACHE',
7,'16K SUBCACHE',8,'32KSUBCACHE','UNKNOWN'),bh.blocks;

 

--針對不同用戶的占用buffer的合計

select decode(pd.bp_id,1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE',3,'DEFAULT',
4,'2K SUBCACHE',5,'4K SUBCACHE',6,'8K SUBCACHE',
7,'16K SUBCACHE',8,'32KSUBCACHE','UNKNOWN') subcache,
own,sum(bh.blocks)*8192/1024/1024 used_M
from x$kcbwds ds,x$kcbwbpd pd,(select set_ds,
o.name object_name,count(*) BLOCKS,u.name own
from obj$ o, x$bh x,user$ u where o.dataobj# = x.obj
and x.state !=0 and o.owner# !=0 and o.owner#=u.user#
group by set_ds,o.name,u.name) bh
where ds.set_id >= pd.bp_lo_sid
and ds.set_id <= pd.bp_hi_sid
And pd.bp_size != 0
and ds.addr=bh.set_ds
group by decode(pd.bp_id,1,'KEEP',2,'RECYCLE',3,'DEFAULT',
4,'2K SUBCACHE',5,'4K SUBCACHE',6,'8K SUBCACHE',
7,'16K SUBCACHE',8,'32KSUBCACHE','UNKNOWN'),
own
order by own;

--buffer cache 對象所有者，名稱， 類型，總大小，cache大小
column c1 heading "Object|Name" format a30 truncate
column c2 heading "Object|Type" format a12 truncate
column c3 heading "Number of|Blocks" format 999,999,999,999
column c4 heading "Percentage|of object|data blocks|in Buffer" format 999
break on report
compute sum of c3 on report
select owner,
object_name,
object_type,
num_blocks,
sum(blocks),
trunc((num_blocks / decode(sum(blocks), 0, .001, sum(blocks))), 4) * 100 || '%' -- buffer中的數據塊比例
from (select o.owner owner_name,
o.object_name object_name,
o.object_type object_type,
count(1) num_blocks
from dba_objects o, v$bh bh
where o.object_id = bh.objd
and o.owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
group by o.object_name, o.object_type, o.owner
order by count(1) desc) t1,
dba_segments s
where s.segment_name = t1.object_name
and s.owner = t1.owner_name
and num_blocks > 10
group by object_name, object_type, num_blocks, owner
order by num_blocks desc;

--10個熱點對象
col objct_name for a30
select * from
(select
ob.owner, ob.object_name, sum(b.tch) Touchs
from x$bh b , dba_objects ob
where b.obj = ob.data_object_id
and b.ts# > 0
group by ob.owner, ob.object_name
order by sum(tch) desc)
where rownum <=10
/

--邏輯讀
col objct_name for a30
select *
from (select owner, object_name, value
from v$segment_statistics
where statistic_name = 'logical reads'
order by value desc)
where rownum <= 10
/

--物理讀最多十個對象
col objct_name for a30
select *
from (select owner, object_name, value
from v$segment_statistics
where statistic_name = 'physical reads'
order by value desc)
where rownum <= 10
/

---查看熱點數據文件(從單塊讀取時間判斷)
COL FILE_NAME FOR A30
COL TABLESPACE_NAME FOR A20
SELECT T.FILE_NAME,
T.TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(S.SINGLEBLKRDTIM / S.SINGLEBLKRDS, 2) AS CS,
S.READTIM/100 READTIME_S,
S.WRITETIM/100 WIRTETIME_S
FROM V$FILESTAT S, DBA_DATA_FILES T
WHERE S.FILE# = T.FILE_ID
AND ROWNUM <= 10
ORDER BY CS DESC
/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
undo 與回滾段

---檢查undo
show parameter undo_

---檢查undo rollback segment 使用情況
select name, rssize, extents, latch, xacts, writes, gets, waits
from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
where a.usn = b.usn
order by waits desc;

---每個事務產生的redo 塊大小
select a.redoblocks / b.trancount
from (select value redoblocks
from v$sysstat
where name = 'redo blocks written') a,
(select value trancount from v$sysstat where name = 'user commits') b;

---計算每秒鍾產生的undoblk數量
select sum(undoblks) / sum((end_time - begin_time) * 24 * 60 * 60)
from v$undostat;

---查詢undo具體信息
COL undob FORMAT 99990;
COL trans FORMAT 99990;
COL snapshot2old FORMAT 9999999990;
SELECT t.BEGIN_TIME BEGIN_TIME,
t.END_TIME END_TIME,
undoblks "UndoB",
txncount "Trans",
maxquerylen "LongestQuery",
maxconcurrency "MaxConcurrency",
ssolderrcnt "Snapshot2Old",
nospaceerrcnt "FreeSpaceWait"
FROM v$undostat t;

--查詢rollback 段詳細信息(收縮次數,擴展次數,平均活動事務等)
--COL RBS FORMAT a4;
SELECT n.name "RBS",
s.extends "Extends",
s.shrinks "Shrinks",
s.wraps "Wraps",
s.aveshrink "AveShrink",
s.aveactive "AveActive"
FROM v$rollname n
JOIN v$rollstat s
USING (usn)
WHERE n.name != 'SYSTEM';

---查詢當前rollback segment使用情況
COL RBS FORMAT a4;
SELECT n.name "RBS",
s.status,
s.waits,
s.gets,
s.writes,
s.xacts "Active Trans"
FROM v$rollname n
JOIN v$rollstat s
USING (usn)
WHERE n.name != 'SYSTEM';

---查詢使用rollback segment時等待比率
SELECT ROUND(SUM(waits/gets)*100,2)||'%' "Contention" FROM
v$rollstat;