python筆記42-http請求命令行工具(httpie)

前言

通常我們需要快速的測試某個接口通不通，一般linux上用curl去發http請求，但是這個命令行工具語法有點復雜了，不夠直觀。
python有一個給人類使用的requests庫，非常的簡單方便。httpie就是基於requests開發的，給人類用的命令行工具，取代curl的絕佳工具。

環境安裝

pip install httpie==1.0.3

查看版本號

C:\Users\dell>pip show httpie
Name: httpie
Version: 1.0.3
Summary: HTTPie - a CLI, cURL-like tool for humans.
Home-page: http://httpie.org/
Author: Jakub Roztocil
Author-email: [e-mail]
License: BSD
Location: e:\python36\lib\site-packages
Requires: requests, colorama, Pygments
Required-by:

C:\Users\dell>

發送GET請求

get請求不需要帶body參數，所以不帶參數，會被默認識別成get請求

http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info

訪問后查看結果，就是這么高效！

C:\Users\dell>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 290
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 14:21:25 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "age": 20,
        "create_time": "2019-09-15",
        "id": 1,
        "mail": "[e-mail]",
        "name": "yoyo",
        "sex": "M"
    },
    {
        "age": 444444,
        "create_time": "2019-09-18",
        "id": 6,
        "mail": "[e-mail]",
        "name": "yoyo",
        "sex": "M"
    }
]

POST請求

GET請求是默認不帶body部分的，那么帶上body部分的參數，肯定會識別成POST請求，所以也不用聲明請求類型。
一般接口是json類型的，所以頭部請求參數類型Content-Type默認是application/json

接下來發個POST請求,比如我要發送的報文是這樣的

POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/info HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: application/json, */*
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 63

{"name": "yoyo", "sex": "M", "age": "20", "mail": "[e-mail]"}

那么用httpie的命令行只需下面簡單的一行,如果參數是字符串，可以用key=value格式，如果參數不是字符串，那么用key:=value

http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info name=yoyo sex=M age=20 mail=[e-mail]

C:\Users\dell>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info name=yoyo sex=M age=20 mail=[e-mail]
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 95
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 14:22:22 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "data": {
        "age": "20",
        "mail": "[e-mail]",
        "name": "yoyo",
        "sex": "M"
    },
    "message": "create some data!"
}

json文件導入

如果json的參數較多，可以把請求參數寫到一個json文件，如test.json

{
	"name": "yoyo",
	"sex": "M",
	"age": "20",
	"mail": "[e-mail]"
}

接下來發請求的時候，導入這個json文件就可以

http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info < test.json

測試結果

D:\>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/info < test.json
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 95
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2019 14:46:36 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "data": {
        "age": "20",
        "mail": "[e-mail]",
        "name": "yoyo",
        "sex": "M"
    },
    "message": "create some data!"
}

--help查看配置參數

使用--help查看更多配置參數

http --help

顯示詳細的請求,顯示請求的頭部和返回的內容

http -v

只顯示Header

http -h

只顯示Body

http -b

下載文件

http -d

使用http代理

http --proxy=http:http://xxx:x