FreeSql (二十九)Lambda 表達式


In查詢

var t1 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => new[] { 1, 2, 3 }.Contains(a.Id))
  .ToList();
//SELECT .. FROM ..
//WHERE (a.`Id` in (1,2,3))

已優化,防止 where in 元素多過的 SQL 錯誤,如:

[Err] ORA-01795: maximum number of expressions in a list a 1000

原來:where id in (1..1333)

現在:where id in (1..500) or id in (501..1000) or id in (1001..1333)

In多列查詢

//元組集合
vae lst = new List<(Guid, DateTime)>();
lst.Add((Guid.NewGuid(), DateTime.Now));
lst.Add((Guid.NewGuid(), DateTime.Now));

var t2 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => lst.Contains(a.Id, a.ct1))
  .ToList();
//SELECT .. FROM ..
//WHERE (a."Id" = '685ee1f6-bdf6-4719-a291-c709b8a1378f' AND a."ct1" = '2019-12-07 23:55:27' OR 
//a."Id" = '5ecd838a-06a0-4c81-be43-1e77633b7404' AND a."ct1" = '2019-12-07 23:55:27')

實現代碼:https://github.com/2881099/FreeSql/issues/243

In子表

var list2 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => fsql.Select<T>()
      .ToList(b => b.Id)
      .Contains(a.Id))
  .ToList();
// SELECT a.`Id`, a.`Clicks`, a.`TypeGuid`, a.`Title`, a.`CreateTime` 
// FROM `tb_topic` a 
// WHERE (((cast(a.`Id` as char)) in (SELECT b.`Title` 
// 	FROM `tb_topic` b)))

Exists子表

var list2 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => fsql.Select<T>()
    .Any(b => b.Id == a.Id))
  .ToList();
// SELECT a.`Id`, a.`TypeGuid`, a.`Title`, a.`CreateTime` 
// FROM `xxx` a 
// WHERE (exists(SELECT 1 
// FROM `xxx` b 
// WHERE (b.`Id` = a.`Id`)))

查找今天創建的數據

var t3 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => a.CreateTime.Date == DateTime.Today)
  .ToList();
//這行代碼說明 FreeSql 表達式解析強大,不是所有 ORM 都支持

var t4 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .Where(a => a.CreateTime.Between(DateTime.Today, DateTime.Today.AddDays(1)))
  .ToList();
//正常用法應該是這樣

SqlServer nvarchar/varchar 已兼容表達式解析,分別解析為:N'' 和 '',優化索引執行計划;

日期格式化

var t4 = fsql.Select<T>()
  .First(a => a.CreateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
// SELECT date_format(a.`CreateTime`, '%H:%i:%s') as1 
// FROM `xxx` a 
// limit 0,1

v1.5.0 支持了常用 c# 日期格式化,yyyy MM dd HH mm ss yy M d H hh h m s tt t

tt t 為 AM PM

開窗函數

fsql.Select<T1, T2>()
.InnerJoin((a, b) => b.Id == a.Id)
.ToList((a, b) => new
{
    Id = a.Id,
    EdiId = b.Id,
    over1 = SqlExt.Rank().Over().OrderBy(a.Id).OrderByDescending(b.EdiId).ToValue()
});

v1.6.0 利用自定義解析功能,增加 SqlExt.Rank().Over().PartitionBy(...) 常用的開窗函數,歡迎 PR 補充

自定義解析

[ExpressionCall]
public static class DbFunc
{
  //必要定義 static + ThreadLocal
  static ThreadLocal<ExpressionCallContext> context = new ThreadLocal<ExpressionCallContext>();

  public static DateTime FormatDateTime(this DateTime that, string arg1)
  {
    var up = context.Value;
    if (up.DataType == FreeSql.DataType.Sqlite) //重寫內容
      up.Result = $"date_format({up.ParsedContent["that"]}, {up.ParsedContent["arg1"]})";
    return that;
  }
}

var sql1 = fsql.Select<SysModule>()
  .ToSql(a => a.CreateTime.FormatDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd"));
//SELECT date_format(a."CreateTime", 'yyyy-MM-dd') as1 
//FROM "SysModule" a

[ExpressionCall] 特性可在靜態擴展類上標記,也可以在單個靜態方法上標記;

ExpressionCallContext 屬性 類型 描述
DataType FreeSql.DataType 用於實現不同數據庫的適配判斷條件
ParsedContent Dictionary<string, string> 函數的各參數解析結果
DbParameter DbParameter that 被參數化的對象(有可能為 null)
UserParameters List<DbParameter> 可附加參數化對象
Result string 返回表達式函數表示的 SQL 字符串

當擴展方法返回值為 string 時,其返回值也可以當作 context.Value.Result 功能

當不想解析指定參數時,使用特性 [RawValue] 標記

表達式函數全覽

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能說明
a ? b : c case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end case when a then b else c end a成立時取b值,否則取c值
a ?? b ifnull(a, b) isnull(a, b) coalesce(a, b) nvl(a, b) 當a為null時,取b值
數字 + 數字 a + b a + b a + b a + b 數字相加
數字 + 字符串 concat(a, b) cast(a as varchar) + cast(b as varchar) case(a as varchar)|| b a|| b 字符串相加,a或b任意一個為字符串時
a - b a - b a - b a - b a - b
a * b a * b a * b a * b a * b
a / b a / b a / b a / b a / b
a / b a div b a / b a / b trunc(a / b) 整除(a,b都為整數)
a % b a % b a % b a % b mod(a,b)

等等...

數組

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能說明
a.Length - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(a,1) end - 數組長度
常量數組.Length - - array_length(array[常量數組元素逗號分割],1) - 數組長度
a.Any() - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(a,1) end > 0 - 數組是否為空
常量數組.Contains(b) b in (常量數組元素逗號分割) b in (常量數組元素逗號分割) b in (常量數組元素逗號分割) b in (常量數組元素逗號分割) IN查詢
a.Contains(b) - - a @> array[b] - a數組是否包含b元素
a.Concat(b) - - a || b - 數組相連
a.Count() - - 同 Length - 數組長度

一個細節證明 FreeSql 匠心制作

通用的 in 查詢 select.Where(a => new []{ 1,2,3 }.Contains(a.xxx))

假設 xxxs 是 pgsql 的數組字段類型,其實會與上面的 in 查詢起沖突,FreeSql 解決了這個矛盾 select.Where(a => a.xxxs.Contains(1))

字典 Dictionary<string, string>

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能說明
a.Count - - case when a is null then 0 else array_length(akeys(a),1) end - 字典長度
a.Keys - - akeys(a) - 返回字典所有key數組
a.Values - - avals(a) - 返回字典所有value數組
a.Contains(b) - - a @> b - 字典是否包含b
a.ContainsKey(b) - - a? b - 字典是否包含key
a.Concat(b) - - a || b - 字典相連
a.Count() - - 同 Count - 字典長度

JSON JToken/JObject/JArray

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle 功能說明
a.Count - - jsonb_array_length(coalesce(a, '[])) - json數組類型的長度
a.Any() - - jsonb_array_length(coalesce(a, '[])) > 0 - json數組類型,是否為空
a.Contains(b) - - coalesce(a, '{}') @> b::jsonb - json中是否包含b
a.ContainsKey(b) - - coalesce(a, '{}') ? b - json中是否包含鍵b
a.Concat(b) - - coalesce(a, '{}') b::jsonb
Parse(a) - - a::jsonb - 轉化字符串為json類型
a.Field["x"] - - a.Field->x - json成員訪問

字符串

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle Sqlite
string.Empty '' '' '' ''
string.IsNullOrEmpty(a) (a is null or a = '') (a is null or a = '') (a is null or a = '') (a is null or a = '') (a is null or a = '')
string.Concat(a,b,c...) concat(a, b, c) a + b + c a || b || c a || b || c a || b || c
a.CompareTo(b) strcmp(a, b) - case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end case when a = b then 0 when a > b then 1 else -1 end
a.Contains('b') a like '%b%' a like '%b%' a ilike'%b%' a like '%b%' a like '%b%'
a.EndsWith('b') a like '%b' a like '%b' a ilike'%b' a like '%b' a like '%b'
a.IndexOf(b) locate(a, b) - 1 locate(a, b) - 1 strpos(a, b) - 1 instr(a, b, 1, 1) - 1 instr(a, b) - 1
a.Length char_length(a) len(a) char_length(a) length(a) length(a)
a.PadLeft(b, c) lpad(a, b, c) - lpad(a, b, c) lpad(a, b, c) lpad(a, b, c)
a.PadRight(b, c) rpad(a, b, c) - rpad(a, b, c) rpad(a, b, c) rpad(a, b, c)
a.Replace(b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c) replace(a, b, c)
a.StartsWith('b') a like 'b%' a like 'b%' a ilike'b%' a like 'b%' a like 'b%'
a.Substring(b, c) substr(a, b, c + 1) substring(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1) substr(a, b, c + 1)
a.ToLower lower(a) lower(a) lower(a) lower(a) lower(a)
a.ToUpper upper(a) upper(a) upper(a) upper(a) upper(a)
a.Trim trim(a) trim(a) trim(a) trim(a) trim(a)
a.TrimEnd rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a) rtrim(a)
a.TrimStart ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a) ltrim(a)
a.FirstOrDefault substr(a,1,1) substring(a,1,1) substr(a,1,1) substr(a,1,1) substr(a,1,1)

使用字符串函數可能會出現性能瓶頸,雖然不推薦使用,但是作為功能庫這也是不可缺少的功能之一。

日期

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle
DateTime.Now now() getdate() current_timestamp systimestamp
DateTime.UtcNow utc_timestamp() getutcdate() (current_timestamp at time zone 'UTC') sys_extract_utc(systimestamp)
DateTime.Today curdate convert(char(10),getdate(),120) current_date trunc(systimestamp)
DateTime.MaxValue cast('9999/12/31 23:59:59' as datetime) '9999/12/31 23:59:59' '9999/12/31 23:59:59'::timestamp to_timestamp('9999-12-31 23:59:59','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6')
DateTime.MinValue cast('0001/1/1 0:00:00' as datetime) '1753/1/1 0:00:00' '0001/1/1 0:00:00'::timestamp to_timestamp('0001-01-01 00:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6')
DateTime.Compare(a, b) a - b a - b extract(epoch from a::timestamp-b::timestamp) extract(day from (a-b))
DateTime.DaysInMonth(a, b) dayofmonth(last_day(concat(a, '-', b, '-1'))) datepart(day, dateadd(day, -1, dateadd(month, 1, cast(a as varchar) + '-' + cast(b as varchar) + '-1'))) extract(day from (a
DateTime.Equals(a, b) a = b a = b a = b a = b
DateTime.IsLeapYear(a) a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 a%4=0 and a%100<>0 or a%400=0 mod(a,4)=0 AND mod(a,100)<>0 OR mod(a,400)=0
DateTime.Parse(a) cast(a as datetime) cast(a as datetime) a::timestamp to_timestamp(a,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6')
a.Add(b) date_add(a, interval b microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b / 1000, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddDays(b) date_add(a, interval b day) dateadd(day, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddHours(b) date_add(a, interval b hour) dateadd(hour, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMilliseconds(b) date_add(a, interval b*1000 microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMinutes(b) date_add(a, interval b minute) dateadd(minute, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddMonths(b) date_add(a, interval b month) dateadd(month, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddSeconds(b) date_add(a, interval b second) dateadd(second, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddTicks(b) date_add(a, interval b/10 microsecond) dateadd(millisecond, b / 10000, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.AddYears(b) date_add(a, interval b year) dateadd(year, b, a) a::timestamp+(b
a.Date cast(date_format(a, '%Y-%m-%d') as datetime) convert(char(10),a,120) a::date trunc(a)
a.Day dayofmonth(a) datepart(day, a) extract(day from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'DD') as number)
a.DayOfWeek dayofweek(a) datepart(weekday, a) - 1 extract(dow from a::timestamp) case when to_char(a)='7' then 0 else cast(to_char(a) as number) end
a.DayOfYear dayofyear(a) datepart(dayofyear, a) extract(doy from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'DDD') as number)
a.Hour hour(a) datepart(hour, a) extract(hour from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'HH24') as number)
a.Millisecond floor(microsecond(a) / 1000) datepart(millisecond, a) extract(milliseconds from a::timestamp)-extract(second from a::timestamp)*1000 cast(to_char(a,'FF3') as number)
a.Minute minute(a) datepart(minute, a) extract(minute from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'MI') as number)
a.Month month(a) datepart(month, a) extract(month from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'FF3') as number)
a.Second second(a) datepart(second, a) extract(second from a::timestamp) cast(to_char(a,'SS') as number)
a.Subtract(b) timestampdiff(microsecond, b, a) datediff(millisecond, b, a) * 1000 (extract(epoch from a::timestamp-b::timestamp)*1000000) a - b
a.Ticks timestampdiff(microsecond, '0001-1-1', a) * 10 datediff(millisecond, '1970-1-1', a) * 10000 + 621355968000000000 extract(epoch from a::timestamp)*10000000+621355968000000000 cast(to_char(a,'FF7') as number)
a.TimeOfDay timestampdiff(microsecond, date_format(a, '%Y-%m-%d'), a) '1970-1-1 ' + convert(varchar, a, 14) extract(epoch from a::time)*1000000 a - trunc(a)
a.Year year(a) datepart(year, a) extract(year from a::timestamp)
a.Equals(b) a = b a = b a = b a = b
a.CompareTo(b) a - b a - b a - b a - b
a.ToString() date_format(a, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s.%f') convert(varchar, a, 121) to_char(a, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.US') to_char(a,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6')

時間

表達式 MySql(微秒) SqlServer(秒) PostgreSQL(微秒) Oracle(Interval day(9) to second(7))
TimeSpan.Zero 0 0 - 0微秒
TimeSpan.MaxValue 922337203685477580 922337203685477580 - numtodsinterval(233720368.5477580,'second')
TimeSpan.MinValue -922337203685477580 -922337203685477580 - numtodsinterval(-233720368.5477580,'second')
TimeSpan.Compare(a, b) a - b a - b - extract(day from (a-b))
TimeSpan.Equals(a, b) a = b a = b - a = b
TimeSpan.FromDays(a) a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24 a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24 - numtodsinterval(a*86400,'second')
TimeSpan.FromHours(a) a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 a * 1000000 * 60 * 60 - numtodsinterval(a*3600,'second')
TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(a) a * 1000 a * 1000 - numtodsinterval(a/1000,'second')
TimeSpan.FromMinutes(a) a * 1000000 * 60 a * 1000000 * 60 - numtodsinterval(a*60,'second')
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(a) a * 1000000 a * 1000000 - numtodsinterval(a,'second')
TimeSpan.FromTicks(a) a / 10 a / 10 - numtodsinterval(a/10000000,'second')
a.Add(b) a + b a + b - a + b
a.Subtract(b) a - b a - b - a - b
a.CompareTo(b) a - b a - b - extract(day from (a-b))
a.Days a div (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) a div (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) - extract(day from a)
a.Hours a div (1000000 * 60 * 60) mod 24 a div (1000000 * 60 * 60) mod 24 - extract(hour from a)
a.Milliseconds a div 1000 mod 1000 a div 1000 mod 1000 - cast(substr(extract(second from a)-floor(extract(second from a)),2,3) as number)
a.Seconds a div 1000000 mod 60 a div 1000000 mod 60 - extract(second from a)
a.Ticks a * 10 a * 10 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)60+extract(second from a))10000000
a.TotalDays a / (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) a / (1000000 * 60 * 60 * 24) - extract(day from a)
a.TotalHours a / (1000000 * 60 * 60) a / (1000000 * 60 * 60) - (extract(day from a)*24+extract(hour from a))
a.TotalMilliseconds a / 1000 a / 1000 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)60+extract(second from a))1000
a.TotalMinutes a / (1000000 * 60) a / (1000000 * 60) -
a.TotalSeconds a / 1000000 a / 1000000 - (extract(day from a)86400+extract(hour from a)3600+extract(minute from a)*60+extract(second from a))
a.Equals(b) a = b a = b - a = b
a.ToString() cast(a as varchar) cast(a as varchar) - to_char(a)

數學函數

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle
Math.Abs(a) abs(a) abs(a) abs(a)
Math.Acos(a) acos(a) acos(a) acos(a) acos(a)
Math.Asin(a) asin(a) asin(a) asin(a) asin(a)
Math.Atan(a) atan(a) atan(a) atan(a) atan(a)
Math.Atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) atan2(a, b) -
Math.Ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceiling(a) ceil(a)
Math.Cos(a) cos(a) cos(a) cos(a) cos(a)
Math.Exp(a) exp(a) exp(a) exp(a) exp(a)
Math.Floor(a) floor(a) floor(a) floor(a) floor(a)
Math.Log(a) log(a) log(a) log(a) log(e,a)
Math.Log10(a) log10(a) log10(a) log10(a) log(10,a)
Math.PI(a) 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931 3.1415926535897931
Math.Pow(a, b) pow(a, b) power(a, b) pow(a, b) power(a, b)
Math.Round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b) round(a, b)
Math.Sign(a) sign(a) sign(a) sign(a) sign(a)
Math.Sin(a) sin(a) sin(a) sin(a) sin(a)
Math.Sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a) sqrt(a)
Math.Tan(a) tan(a) tan(a) tan(a) tan(a)
Math.Truncate(a) truncate(a, 0) floor(a) trunc(a, 0) trunc(a, 0)

類型轉換

表達式 MySql SqlServer PostgreSQL Oracle Sqlite
Convert.ToBoolean(a) | bool.Parse(a) a not in ('0','false') a not in ('0','false') a::varchar not in ('0','false','f','no') - a not in ('0','false')
Convert.ToByte(a) | byte.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as tinyint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as int2)
Convert.ToChar(a) substr(cast(a as char),1,1) substring(cast(a as nvarchar),1,1) substr(a::char,1,1) substr(to_char(a),1,1) substr(cast(a as character),1,1)
Convert.ToDateTime(a) | DateTime.Parse(a) cast(a as datetime) cast(a as datetime) a::timestamp to_timestamp(a,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6') datetime(a)
Convert.ToDecimal(a) | decimal.Parse(a) cast(a as decimal(36,18)) cast(a as decimal(36,19)) a::numeric cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(36,18))
Convert.ToDouble(a) | double.Parse(a) cast(a as decimal(32,16)) cast(a as decimal(32,16)) a::float8 cast(a as number) cast(a as double)
Convert.ToInt16(a) | short.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as smallint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToInt32(a) | int.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as int) a::int4 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToInt64(a) | long.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as bigint) a::int8 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToSByte(a) | sbyte.Parse(a) cast(a as signed) cast(a as tinyint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToString(a) cast(a as decimal(14,7)) cast(a as decimal(14,7)) a::float4 to_char(a) cast(a as character)
Convert.ToSingle(a) | float.Parse(a) cast(a as char) cast(a as nvarchar) a::varchar cast(a as number) cast(a as smallint)
Convert.ToUInt16(a) | ushort.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as smallint) a::int2 cast(a as number) cast(a as unsigned)
Convert.ToUInt32(a) | uint.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as int) a::int4 cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(10,0))
Convert.ToUInt64(a) | ulong.Parse(a) cast(a as unsigned) cast(a as bigint) a::int8 cast(a as number) cast(a as decimal(21,0))
Guid.Parse(a) substr(cast(a as char),1,36) cast(a as uniqueidentifier) a::uuid substr(to_char(a),1,36) substr(cast(a as character),1,36)
Guid.NewGuid() - newid() - - -
new Random().NextDouble() rand() rand() random() dbms_random.value random()

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