制作Docker鏡像有兩種方式：第一種、docker commit，保存容器（Container）的當前狀態到鏡像后，然后生成對應的image；第二種、docker build，使用Dockerfile文件自動化制作鏡像。
(1).docker commit
啟動一個實例，安裝apache
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 67fa590cfc1c 3 weeks ago 202MB hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat latest 72d2be374029 2 years ago 292MB [root@youxi1 ~]# docker run -it centos:latest /bin/bash [root@985ef7e0c4ca /]# yum -y install httpd [root@985ef7e0c4ca /]# exit exit
根據容器當前狀態制作一個鏡像，語法docker commit <容器ID> [倉庫]:[標簽]
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 985ef7e0c4ca centos:latest "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago sharp_kare 9a81af9b4134 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago pensive_dijkstra 3ecc9bafd429 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago sleepy_wilbur [root@youxi1 ~]# docker commit 985ef7e0c4ca centos:httpd sha256:bdd371e6f1cf035bd501c09b28a2b2827900973a0defa9e35eadcd2f2f55e5e4 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos httpd bdd371e6f1cf 14 seconds ago 346MB centos latest 67fa590cfc1c 3 weeks ago 202MB hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat latest 72d2be374029 2 years ago 292MB
啟動新創建的鏡像，查看是否存在httpd服務
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker run -it centos:httpd /bin/bash [root@34ac01c03fe3 /]# rpm -qa httpd //可以看到是存在的 httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64
(2).docker build
使用docker build創建鏡像時，需要使用Dockerfile文件自動化制作鏡像。Dockerfile類似源碼編譯./configure后產生的Makefile。
創建工作目錄，制作Dockerfile
[root@youxi1 ~]# mkdir /docker-build [root@youxi1 ~]# vim /docker-build/Dockerfile FROM centos:latest #以哪個鏡像為基礎 MAINTAINER <youxi@163.com> #鏡像創建者 RUN yum -y install httpd #運行安裝httpd命令 ADD start.sh /usr/local/bin/start.sh #將本地文件拷貝到鏡像中，權限為0755（？），uid和gid為0 ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html CMD /usr/local/bin/start.sh #實例啟動后執行的命令，一般跟需要開機啟動的服務或腳本
創建start.sh和index.html
[root@youxi1 ~]# echo "/usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND" > /docker-build/start.sh [root@youxi1 ~]# chmod +x /docker-build/start.sh [root@youxi1 ~]# echo "docker image build test" > /docker-build/index.html
刪除已有的centos:httpd
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 34ac01c03fe3 centos:httpd "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) 43 minutes ago gifted_cerf 985ef7e0c4ca centos:latest "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago sharp_kare 9a81af9b4134 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago pensive_dijkstra 3ecc9bafd429 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago sleepy_wilbur [root@youxi1 ~]# docker stop 34ac01c03fe3 34ac01c03fe3 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker rm 34ac01c03fe3 34ac01c03fe3 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 985ef7e0c4ca centos:latest "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago sharp_kare 9a81af9b4134 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago pensive_dijkstra 3ecc9bafd429 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago [root@youxi1 ~]# docker rmi centos:httpd Untagged: centos:httpd Deleted: sha256:bdd371e6f1cf035bd501c09b28a2b2827900973a0defa9e35eadcd2f2f55e5e4 Deleted: sha256:e5f250b390d99269c53a6150c776f5af4e74b965f4c86977fea7582b9e624870 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 67fa590cfc1c 3 weeks ago 202MB hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat latest 72d2be374029 2 years ago 292MB
使用build創建新的鏡像，語法docker build -t [倉庫名]:[標簽] [Dockerfile文件路徑]
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker build -t centos:httpd /docker-build/ [root@youxi1 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos httpd 565f0e4e1ef3 About a minute ago 346MB centos latest 67fa590cfc1c 3 weeks ago 202MB hub.c.163.com/library/tomcat latest 72d2be374029 2 years ago 292MB
(3).Docker鏡像發布
1）發布到本地
語法：docker save -o [tar包名] [倉庫名]:[標簽]
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker save -o docker.id-centos-httpd-image.tar centos:httpd [root@youxi1 ~]# ll -h 總用量 346M -rw-------. 1 root root 1.6K 5月 14 09:20 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw------- 1 root root 339M 9月 14 15:26 docker.id-centos-httpd-image.tar
2）發布到網上
一般先到https://hub.docker.com/（DockerHub）上注冊一個賬號，並創建一個存儲庫
使用命令登錄
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker login -u [用戶名] -p [密碼] WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin. WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded
上傳鏡像。注意：上傳前需要修改倉庫名，否則上傳有問題。
[root@youxi1 ~]# docker tag centos:httpd ghhh4512/centos:httpd //這里的ghhh4512是我的Docker用戶名,centos是建立的存儲庫 [root@youxi1 ~]# docker push ghhh4512/centos:httpd The push refers to repository [docker.io/ghhh4512/centos] 7873e44b6044: Pushed 0e86f20c1056: Pushed b3e0fc83922e: Pushed 877b494a9f30: Pushed httpd: digest: sha256:464ffb58cbc2334a936bea7081db41b257afb5b21dfcce6dd27863dc9b777855 size: 1155