比特幣學習筆記(三)---配置文件和啟動


編譯后的幾個主要程序

  • bitcoin-qt 客戶端圖形界面版

  • bitcoind /src/bitcoind Bitcoin簡潔命令行版,也是下一步源代碼分析的重點(不能與Bitcoin Core同事運行,如果不小心嘗試同時運行另外一個客戶端,它會提示已經有一個客戶端在運行並且自動退出)

  • bitcoin-cli /src/bitcoin-cli Bitcoind的一個功能完備的RPC客戶端,可以通過它在命令行查詢某個區塊信息,交易信息等

  • bitcoin-tx /src/bitcoind 比特幣交易處理模塊,可以進行交易的查詢和創建

我們現階段主要學習bitcoind這個程序,這個程序的啟動參數大致如下

 //bitcoind 命令通用格式

  bitcoind [選項]

  bitcoind [選項] <命令> [參數]  將命令發送到 -server 或 bitcoind

  bitcoind [選項] help           列出命令

  bitcoind [選項] help <命令>    獲取該命令的幫助


 //bitcoind常見命令

  -conf=<文件名>     指定配置文件(默認:bitcoin.conf)

  -pid=<文件名>      指定 pid (進程 ID)文件(默認:bitcoind.pid)

  -gen               生成比特幣

  -gen=0             不生成比特幣

  -min               啟動時最小化

  -splash            啟動時顯示啟動屏幕(默認:1)

  -datadir=<目錄名>  指定數據目錄

  -dbcache=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       設置數據庫緩存大小,單位為兆字節(MB)(默認:25)</n>

  -dblogsize=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">     設置數據庫磁盤日志大小,單位為兆字節(MB)(默認:100)</n>

  -timeout=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       設置連接超時,單位為毫秒</n>

  -proxy=<ip:端口 style="word-wrap: break-word;">   通過 Socks4 代理鏈接</ip:端口>

  -dns               addnode 允許查詢 DNS 並連接

  -port=<端口>       監聽 <端口> 上的連接(默認:8333,測試網絡 testnet:18333)

  -maxconnections=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最多維護 <n style="word-wrap: break-word;">個節點連接(默認:125)</n></n>

  -addnode=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">      添加一個節點以供連接,並嘗試保持與該節點的連接</ip>

  -connect=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">      僅連接到這里指定的節點</ip>

  -irc               使用 IRC(因特網中繼聊天)查找節點(默認:0)

  -listen            接受來自外部的連接(默認:1)

  -dnsseed           使用 DNS 查找節點(默認:1)

  -banscore=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">      與行為異常節點斷開連接的臨界值(默認:100)</n>

  -bantime=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       重新允許行為異常節點連接所間隔的秒數(默認:86400)</n>

  -maxreceivebuffer=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最大每連接接收緩存,<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">*1000 字節(默認:10000)</n></n>

  -maxsendbuffer=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">  最大每連接發送緩存,<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">*1000 字節(默認:10000)</n></n>

  -upnp              使用全局即插即用(UPNP)映射監聽端口(默認:0)

  -detachdb          分離貨幣塊和地址數據庫。會增加客戶端關閉時間(默認:0)

  -paytxfee=<amt style="word-wrap: break-word;">    您發送的交易每 KB 字節的手續費</amt>

  -testnet           使用測試網絡

  -debug             輸出額外的調試信息

  -logtimestamps     調試信息前添加[時間戳](http://8btc.com/article-165-1.html)

  -printtoconsole    發送跟蹤/調試信息到控制台而不是 debug.log 文件

  -printtodebugger   發送跟蹤/調試信息到調試器

  -rpcuser=<用戶名>  JSON-RPC 連接使用的用戶名

  -rpcpassword=<密碼>  JSON-RPC 連接使用的密碼

  -rpcport=<port style="word-wrap: break-word;">    JSON-RPC 連接所監聽的 <端口>(默認:8332)</port>

  -rpcallowip=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">   允許來自指定 <ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">地址的 JSON-RPC 連接</ip></ip>

  -rpcconnect=<ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">   發送命令到運行在 <ip style="word-wrap: break-word;">地址的節點(默認:127.0.0.1)</ip></ip>

  -blocknotify=<命令> 當最好的貨幣塊改變時執行命令(命令中的 %s 會被替換為貨幣塊哈希值)

  -upgradewallet     將錢包升級到最新的格式

  -keypool=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">       將密匙池的尺寸設置為 <n style="word-wrap: break-word;">(默認:100)</n></n>

  -rescan            重新掃描貨幣塊鏈以查找錢包丟失的交易

  -checkblocks=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">   啟動時檢查多少貨幣塊(默認:2500,0 表示全部)</n>

  -checklevel=<n style="word-wrap: break-word;">    貨幣塊驗證的級別(0-6,默認:1)</n>

**SSL 選項:**

  -rpcssl                                  使用 OpenSSL(https)JSON-RPC 連接

  -rpcsslcertificatechainfile=<文件.cert>  服務器證書文件(默認:server.cert)

  -rpcsslprivatekeyfile=<文件.pem>         服務器私匙文件(默認:server.pem)

  -rpcsslciphers=<密碼>                    可接受的密碼(默認:TLSv1+HIGH:!SSLv2:!aNULL:!eNULL:!AH:!3DES:@STRENGTH)

這里面大部分參數都可以省略,轉而使用配置文件進行配置,因為使用配置文件更方便些,所以這里我們使用配置文件進行配置,在linux下時,bitcoin.conf的默認路徑為$HOME/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf,我們可以從bitcoin源碼的share/examples找到一份樣本拷貝過去並進行修改,我的配置文件如下:

##
## bitcoin.conf configuration file. Lines beginning with # are comments.
##

# Network-related settings:

# Note that if you use testnet or regtest, particularly with the options
# addnode, connect, port, bind, rpcport, rpcbind or wallet, you will also
# want to read "[Sections]" further down.

# 在測試網絡中運行,而不是在真正的比特幣網絡.
testnet=1

# Run a regression test network
# regtest=1

# 通過一個 Socks5 代理服務器連接
# proxy=127.0.0.1:9050

# Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
#bind=<addr>

# Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
#whitebind=<addr>

##############################################################
## addnode 與 connect 的區別 ##
## ##
## 假設您使用了 addnode=4.2.2.4 參數,那么 addnode 便會與 ##
## 您的節點連接,並且告知您的節點所有與它相連接的其它節點。 ##
## 另外它還會將您的節點信息告知與其相連接的其它節點,這樣它 ##
## 們也可以連接到您的節點。 ##
## ##
## connect 在您的節點“連接”到它的時候並不會做上述工作。僅 ##
## 它會與您連接,而其它節點不會。 ##
## ##
## 因此如果您位於防火牆后,或者因為其它原因無法找到節點,則 ##
## 使用“addnode”添加一些節點。 ##
## ##
## 如果您想保證隱私,使用“connect”連接到那些您可以“信任” ##
## 的節點。 ##
## ##
## 如果您在一個局域網內運行了多個節點,您不需要讓它們建立許多 ##
## 連接。您只需要使用“connect”讓它們統一連接到一個已端口轉 ##
## 發並擁有多個連接的節點。 ##
##############################################################

# Use as many addnode= settings as you like to connect to specific peers
#addnode=69.164.218.197
#addnode=10.0.0.2:8333

# Alternatively use as many connect= settings as you like to connect ONLY to specific peers
#connect=69.164.218.197
#connect=10.0.0.1:8333

# Listening mode, enabled by default except when 'connect' is being used
#listen=1

# Port on which to listen for connections (default: 8333, testnet: 18333, regtest: 18444)
#port=

# Maximum number of inbound+outbound connections.
#maxconnections=

#
# JSON-RPC options (for controlling a running Bitcoin/bitcoind process)
#

# server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt and bitcoind to accept JSON-RPC commands
#server=0

# Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections.
# Refer to the manpage or bitcoind -help for further details.
#rpcbind=<addr>

# If no rpcpassword is set, rpc cookie auth is sought. The default `-rpccookiefile` name
# is .cookie and found in the `-datadir` being used for bitcoind. This option is typically used
# when the server and client are run as the same user.
#
# If not, you must set rpcuser and rpcpassword to secure the JSON-RPC API.
#
# The config option `rpcauth` can be added to server startup argument. It is set at initialization time
# using the output from the script in share/rpcauth/rpcauth.py after providing a username:
#
# ./share/rpcauth/rpcauth.py alice
# String to be appended to bitcoin.conf:
# rpcauth=alice:f7efda5c189b999524f151318c0c86$d5b51b3beffbc02b724e5d095828e0bc8b2456e9ac8757ae3211a5d9b16a22ae
# Your password:
# DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
#
# On client-side, you add the normal user/password pair to send commands:
#rpcuser=alice
#rpcpassword=DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
#
# You can even add multiple entries of these to the server conf file, and client can use any of them:
# rpcauth=bob:b2dd077cb54591a2f3139e69a897ac$4e71f08d48b4347cf8eff3815c0e25ae2e9a4340474079f55705f40574f4ec99

# How many seconds bitcoin will wait for a complete RPC HTTP request.
# after the HTTP connection is established.
#rpcclienttimeout=30

# By default, only RPC connections from localhost are allowed.
# Specify as many rpcallowip= settings as you like to allow connections from other hosts,
# either as a single IPv4/IPv6 or with a subnet specification.

# NOTE: opening up the RPC port to hosts outside your local trusted network is NOT RECOMMENDED,
# because the rpcpassword is transmitted over the network unencrypted.

# server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt to accept JSON-RPC commands.
# it is also read by bitcoind to determine if RPC should be enabled
#rpcallowip=10.1.1.34/255.255.255.0
#rpcallowip=1.2.3.4/24
#rpcallowip=2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334/96

# 在如下端口監聽 RPC 連接
# rpcport=8332

# 您可以通過如下設置使用 Bitcoin 或 bitcoind 來發送命令到一個在
# 其它主機遠程運行的 Bitcoin/bitcoind 客戶端
# rpcconnect=127.0.0.1

# Wallet options

# Specify where to find wallet, lockfile and logs. If not present, those files will be
# created as new.
#wallet=</path/to/dir>

# Create transactions that have enough fees so they are likely to begin confirmation within n blocks (default: 6).
# This setting is over-ridden by the -paytxfee option.
#txconfirmtarget=n

# Pay a transaction fee every time you send bitcoins.
#paytxfee=0.000x

# Miscellaneous options

# Pre-generate this many public/private key pairs, so wallet backups will be valid for
# both prior transactions and several dozen future transactions.
#keypool=100

# Enable pruning to reduce storage requirements by deleting old blocks.
# This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan.
# 0 = default (no pruning).
# 1 = allows manual pruning via RPC.
# >=550 = target to stay under in MiB.
#prune=550

# User interface options

# Start Bitcoin minimized
#min=1

# Minimize to the system tray
#minimizetotray=1

# [Sections]
# Most options apply to mainnet, testnet and regtest.
# If you want to confine an option to just one network, you should add it in the
# relevant section below.
# EXCEPTIONS: The options addnode, connect, port, bind, rpcport, rpcbind and wallet
# only apply to mainnet unless they appear in the appropriate section below.

# Options only for mainnet
[main]

# Options only for testnet
[test]

# Options only for regtest
[regtest]

然后我們只要調用bitcoind -datadir=數據目錄,就可以進行bitcoind的啟動了。

我個人的C盤空間吃緊,所以數據目錄我就設成了f盤,啟動命令如下:

bitcoind -datadir='/mnt/f/bitcoin_data/'  -conf='/home/lsm/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf'

 


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