nginx單機1w並發優化

目錄

ab工具
整體優化思路
具體的優化思路
編寫腳本完成並發優化配置
性能統計工具
tips
總結

ab工具

ab -c 10000 -n 200000 http://localhost/index.html

[root@study02 ~]# ab -c 10000 -n 100000 http://192.168.0.217/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.0.217 (be patient)
socket: Too many open files (24)

整體優化思路

• 允許建立更多的socket連接
• 允許打開更多的文件

具體的優化思路

1、socket層面

• 系統層面
• 不做洪水抵御
• 最大連接數somaxconn
• 加快tcp連接回收 recyle
• 空的tcp連接是否允許回收利用reuse
• nginx
• 每個子進程允許打開的連接(work_connections)
• 加快http連接，快速關閉,keepalive_timeout 0

2、文件層面

• nginx層面
• 子進程允許打開的文件 worker_rlimit_nofile
• 系統層面
• ulimit -n 10000(設置一個比較大的值,允許打開文件數)

具體的配置操作

1、系統配置

查看系統允許打開的最大連接數

more /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

打開系統快速連接回收

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle

打開空的tcp連接允許回收利用

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse

不做洪水抵御

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

2、nginx配置

• http 1.0 client server 請求-應答-斷開
• http 1.1 防止頻繁的握手,nginx設置keepalive_timeout參數是一個請求完成之后還要保持連接多久減少tcp的連接次數，在高並發的網站中，keepalived是一個需要嚴重注意的選項，需要將其設置為0不做保持連接提高並發

worker_rlimit_nofile 10000;
events {
    worker_connections 10000;
}
keepalive_timeout 0;

編寫腳本完成並發優化配置

echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

排除問題：

• 系統的dmesg觀察
• nginx的error.log來觀察

dmesg|tail

性能統計工具

安裝統計模塊http_stub_status_module，便於觀察nginx的狀態

• 1.進入之前nginx的安裝包目錄，查找是否有統計模塊可以安裝

刪選出所有可以安裝的包

    root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# cat auto/options |grep YES
    HTTP=YES
    HTTP_CACHE=YES
    HTTP_CHARSET=YES
    HTTP_GZIP=YES
    HTTP_SSI=YES
    HTTP_ACCESS=YES
    HTTP_AUTH_BASIC=YES
    HTTP_MIRROR=YES
    HTTP_USERID=YES
    HTTP_AUTOINDEX=YES
    HTTP_GEO=YES
    HTTP_MAP=YES
    HTTP_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
    HTTP_REFERER=YES
    HTTP_REWRITE=YES
    HTTP_PROXY=YES
    HTTP_FASTCGI=YES
    HTTP_UWSGI=YES
    HTTP_SCGI=YES
    HTTP_GRPC=YES
    HTTP_MEMCACHED=YES
    HTTP_LIMIT_CONN=YES
    HTTP_LIMIT_REQ=YES
    HTTP_EMPTY_GIF=YES
    HTTP_BROWSER=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_IP_HASH=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_KEEPALIVE=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
    MAIL_POP3=YES
    MAIL_IMAP=YES
    MAIL_SMTP=YES
    STREAM_LIMIT_CONN=YES
    STREAM_ACCESS=YES
    STREAM_GEO=YES
    STREAM_MAP=YES
    STREAM_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
    STREAM_RETURN=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
            --with-select_module)            EVENT_SELECT=YES           ;;
            --with-poll_module)              EVENT_POLL=YES             ;;
            --with-threads)                  USE_THREADS=YES            ;;
            --with-file-aio)                 NGX_FILE_AIO=YES           ;;
            --with-http_ssl_module)          HTTP_SSL=YES               ;;
            --with-http_v2_module)           HTTP_V2=YES                ;;
            --with-http_realip_module)       HTTP_REALIP=YES            ;;
            --with-http_addition_module)     HTTP_ADDITION=YES          ;;
            --with-http_xslt_module)         HTTP_XSLT=YES              ;;
            --with-http_image_filter_module) HTTP_IMAGE_FILTER=YES      ;;
            --with-http_geoip_module)        HTTP_GEOIP=YES             ;;
            --with-http_sub_module)          HTTP_SUB=YES               ;;
            --with-http_dav_module)          HTTP_DAV=YES               ;;
            --with-http_flv_module)          HTTP_FLV=YES               ;;
            --with-http_mp4_module)          HTTP_MP4=YES               ;;
            --with-http_gunzip_module)       HTTP_GUNZIP=YES            ;;
            --with-http_gzip_static_module)  HTTP_GZIP_STATIC=YES       ;;
            --with-http_auth_request_module) HTTP_AUTH_REQUEST=YES      ;;
            --with-http_random_index_module) HTTP_RANDOM_INDEX=YES      ;;
            --with-http_secure_link_module)  HTTP_SECURE_LINK=YES       ;;
            --with-http_degradation_module)  HTTP_DEGRADATION=YES       ;;
            --with-http_slice_module)        HTTP_SLICE=YES             ;;
            --with-http_perl_module)         HTTP_PERL=YES              ;;
            --with-http_stub_status_module)  HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES       ;;
            --with-mail)                     MAIL=YES                   ;;
            --with-mail_ssl_module)          MAIL_SSL=YES               ;;
                MAIL=YES
                MAIL_SSL=YES
            --with-stream)                   STREAM=YES                 ;;
            --with-stream_ssl_module)        STREAM_SSL=YES             ;;
            --with-stream_realip_module)     STREAM_REALIP=YES          ;;
            --with-stream_geoip_module)      STREAM_GEOIP=YES           ;;
                                             STREAM_SSL_PREREAD=YES     ;;
            --with-google_perftools_module)  NGX_GOOGLE_PERFTOOLS=YES   ;;
            --with-cpp_test_module)          NGX_CPP_TEST=YES           ;;
            --with-compat)                   NGX_COMPAT=YES             ;;
            --with-debug)                    NGX_DEBUG=YES              ;;
            --with-pcre)                     USE_PCRE=YES               ;;
            --with-pcre-jit)                 PCRE_JIT=YES               ;;
            --with-libatomic)                NGX_LIBATOMIC=YES          ;;
            --test-build-devpoll)            NGX_TEST_BUILD_DEVPOLL=YES ;;
            --test-build-eventport)          NGX_TEST_BUILD_EVENTPORT=YES ;;
            --test-build-epoll)              NGX_TEST_BUILD_EPOLL=YES   ;;
            --test-build-solaris-sendfilev)  NGX_TEST_BUILD_SOLARIS_SENDFILEV=YES ;;

查看是否有http_stub_status_module模塊

[root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# cat auto/options |grep YES|grep 'http_stub_status_module'
        --with-http_stub_status_module)  HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES       ;;

make && make install

• 2.安裝nginx的性能統計工具

    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module

• 3.查看模塊是否安裝成功

    [root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
    nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
    built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC)
    configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module

說明模塊已經安裝成功了

• 4.在nginx的server配置項里面加入如下配置開啟性能統計工具

    location /nginx_status {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
    }

• 5.查看,刷新訪問頁面http://192.168.0.217/nginx_status查看狀態

Active connections: 2020 
server accepts handled requests
 897553 897553 442986 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2019 

• 6.ab測試

    [root@study02 ~]# ab -c 10000 -n 200000 http://192.168.0.217/index.html
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

    Benchmarking 192.168.0.217 (be patient)
    Completed 20000 requests
    Completed 40000 requests
    Completed 60000 requests
    Completed 80000 requests
    Completed 100000 requests
    Completed 120000 requests
    Completed 140000 requests
    Completed 160000 requests
    Completed 180000 requests
    Completed 200000 requests
    Finished 200000 requests


    Server Software:        nginx/1.14.2
    Server Hostname:        192.168.0.217
    Server Port:            80

    Document Path:          /index.html
    Document Length:        612 bytes

    Concurrency Level:      10000
    Time taken for tests:   13.268 seconds
    Complete requests:      200000
    Failed requests:        345710
       (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 174517, Exceptions: 171193)
    Write errors:           0
    Non-2xx responses:      21
    Total transferred:      24276700 bytes
    HTML transferred:       17581305 bytes
    Requests per second:    15074.19 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       663.386 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       0.066 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          1786.87 [Kbytes/sec] received

    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:        0  322  85.2    324    1238
    Processing:    69  322 108.4    315     692
    Waiting:        0   38 103.0      0     503
    Total:        373  643  97.8    625    1651

    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%    625
      66%    640
      75%    643
      80%    646
      90%    739
      95%    883
      98%    976
      99%   1015
     100%   1651 (longest request)

tips

• 測試機器也需要配置ulimit -n 一個較大的數字
• 測試機器需要配置echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

總結

在做服務器部署的時候，首先必須要了解服務器的配置和服務器所能夠處理的極限，最先測試的時候可以先從nginx的只跑html靜態頁面測試開始，不連數據庫不做緩存，不做邏輯處理，不做cdn來測試nginx的最大能力。大家知道如果加入php，連接了數據庫，做了數據庫緩存做了圖片cdn並發會有有影響，那之后的事情也是一樣逐個調試壓榨服務器的最大性能，有針對性的優化才是正確的。