ELKStack之極速入門（上）

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1V2aYpB86ZzxL21Hf-AF1rA
提取碼：7izv
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1. EKL介紹

1.1 需求背景

• 一般我們需要進行日志分析場景：直接在日志文件中 grep、awk 就可以獲得自己想要的信息。但在規模較大的場景中，此方法效率低下，面臨問題包括日志量太大如何歸檔、文本搜索太慢怎么辦、如何多維度查詢。需要集中化的日志管理，所有服務器上的日志收集匯總。常見解決思路是建立集中式日志收集系統，將所有節點上的日志統一收集，管理，訪問。
• 一般大型系統是一個分布式部署的架構，不同的服務模塊部署在不同的服務器上，問題 出現時，大部分情況需要根據問題暴露的關鍵信息，定位到具體的服務器和服務模塊， 構建一套集中式日志系統，可以提高定位問題的效率。
• 一個完整的集中式日志系統，需要包含以下幾個主要特點：
  (1)收集－能夠采集多種來源的日志數據
  (2)傳輸－能夠穩定的把日志數據傳輸到中央系統
  (3)存儲－如何存儲日志數據
  (4)分析－可以支持 UI 分析
  (5)警告－能夠提供錯誤報告，監控機制
• ELK提供了一整套解決方案，並且都是開源軟件，之間互相配合使用，完美銜接，高效的 滿足了很多場合的應用。目前主流的一種日志系統。

1.2 ELKStack介紹

• Logstash : 開源的服務器端數據處理管道，能夠同時從多個來源采集數據，轉換數據， 然后將數據存儲到數據庫中。
• Elasticsearch：搜索，分析和存儲數據，分布式數據庫。
• Kibana：數據可視化。
• Beats：輕量型采集器的平台，從邊緣機器向Logstash和Elasticsearch發送數據。
• Filebeat：輕量型日志采集器。

1.3 ELK Stack架構

• Input：輸入，輸出數據可以是Stdin，File，TCP，Redis，Syslog等
• Filter：過濾，將日志格式化。有豐富的過濾插件：Grok正則捕獲，Date時間處 理，Json編碼解碼，Mutate數據修改等
• Output：輸出，輸出目標可以是Stdout，File，TCP，Redis，ES等

2. elk的安裝與部署

2.1 准備工作

主機名	主機IP
ELK-kibana	192.168.200.15

2.2 安裝環境

[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64
[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# 
[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# ll /root/yuanmabao/
總用量 462332
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9621331 8月  23 14:46 apache-tomcat-8.5.33.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  29050159 8月  23 14:46 elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  30948737 8月  23 14:46 GeoLite2-City.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181238643 8月  23 14:46 jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  83426328 8月  23 14:46 kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138221072 8月  23 14:46 logstash-6.2.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    910812 8月  23 14:46 nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

2.3 安裝jdk環境

[root@ELK-Kibana ~]# cd yuanmabao/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tar xf jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_60 /usr/local/jdk
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ll -d /usr/local/jdk
drwxr-xr-x 8 10 143 255 8月   5 2015 /usr/local/jdk

2.4 配置java環境變量

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# sed -i.ori '$a export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH' /etc/profile
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tail -3 /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH


[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# source /etc/profile
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_60"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)

3. kibana的安裝和啟動

3.1 kibana簡介

• kibana的用途:主要用來展現數據，它本身不存儲數據
• kibana的下載地址:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

3.2 編譯部署kibana

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M elk
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# id elk
uid=1000(elk) gid=1000(elk) 組=1000(elk)


[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tar xf kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# mv /usr/local/kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/kibana
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ll -d /usr/local/kibana
drwxrwxr-x 12 elk elk 232 3月  13 2018 /usr/local/kibana

3.3 kibana配置文件修改

#修改前的配置文件
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat -n /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml | sed -n   '2p;7p;21p;39p;40p'
     2	#server.port: 5601
     7	#server.host: "localhost"
    21	#elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"
    39	#elasticsearch.username: "user"
    40	#elasticsearch.password: "pass"

#修改后的配置文件
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# vim /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat -n /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml | sed -n   '2p;7p;21p;39p;40p'
     2	server.port: 5601            #暫時就先修改這兩行
     7	server.host: "0.0.0.0"       #暫時就先修改這兩行
    21	#elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"
    39	#elasticsearch.username: "user"
    40	#elasticsearch.password: "pass"

3.4 將kibana目錄的屬主，屬組修改為elk

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# chown -R elk:elk /usr/local/kibana/

3.5 新增啟動腳本

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# vim /usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat /usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh
nohup /usr/local/kibana/bin/kibana >> /tmp/kibana.log 2>> /tmp/kibana.log &

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# chmod a+x /usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ll -d /usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 76 8月  23 15:19 /usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh

3.6 用普通用戶降權啟動kibana

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# su -s /bin/bash elk '/usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh'
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ps -ef | grep elk | grep -v grep
elk        7051      1 19 15:20 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/local/kibana/bin/../src/cli

3.7 查看錯誤日志

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat /tmp/kibana.log | grep warning | head
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:53Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:53Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"No living connections"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:56Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:56Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"No living connections"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:58Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:20:58Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"No living connections"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:21:01Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:21:01Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"No living connections"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:21:03Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T07:21:03Z","tags":["warning","elasticsearch","admin"],"pid":7051,"message":"No living connections"}

3.8 訪問kibana

http://192.168.200.15:5601

4. 使用nginx來限制訪問kibana

4.1 使用nginx轉發kibana

由於kibana沒有權限控制，可以借助nginx來部署認證和進行ip控制

4.1.1 修改kibana的配置文件，改為監聽127.0.0.1

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# vim /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# sed -n '7p' /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
server.host: "127.0.0.1"

4.1.2 重啟kibana服務

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ps -ef | grep elk | grep -v grep
elk        7051      1  0 15:24 pts/0    00:00:10 /usr/local/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/local/kibana/bin/../src/cli
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# kill -9 7051

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# su -s /bin/bash elk '/usr/local/kibana/bin/start.sh' 
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ps -ef | grep elk | grep -v grep
elk        7143      1 69 16:25 pts/1    00:00:02 /usr/local/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/local/kibana/bin/../src/cli

4.2 借助nginx來限制訪問，控制源IP的訪問

4.2.1 編譯安裝nginx

#安裝依賴包
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# rpm -qa pcre-devel openssl-devel 
pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.2k-16.el7_6.1.x86_64

#編譯安裝nginx
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M  nginx
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# id nginx
uid=1001(nginx) gid=1001(nginx) 組=1001(nginx)

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tar xf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.10.2/
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
#以下省略若干。。。

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx-1.10.2]# make && make install 
#以下省略若干。。。

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx-1.10.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx-1.10.2]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.10.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

4.2.2 編輯nginx配置文件，進行訪問控制，並啟動nginx

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx-1.10.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# cp conf/nginx.conf{,.bak}
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  "$request"'
    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
    '"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       5609;
        access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log main;
        error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_error.log error;
    location / {
        allow 192.168.200.1;
        deny all;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5601;
        }
    }
}

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# nginx
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# netstat -antup | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5609            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9709/nginx: master  

4.3 訪問nginx監聽端口5609:http://192.168.200.15:5609

4.4 如果訪問IP經常改變，授權就會很麻煩。可以利用nginx的訪問驗證功能來認證訪問

4.4.1 修改nginx配置文件

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  "$request"'
    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
    '"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       5609;
        access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log main;
        error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_error.log error;
    location / {
        auth_basic "elk auth";                                   #修改這兩行
        auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;     #修改這兩行
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5601;
        }
    }
}
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# nginx -s reload

4.4.2 配置nginx登錄密碼

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# yum -y install httpd
[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd admin   #賬號
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user admin    #密碼

4.4.3 再次訪問nginx網址:http://192.168.200.15:5609

5. elasticsearch的安裝和啟動

elasticsearch未安裝之前，kibana網頁上報錯，提示找不到elasticsearch

5.1 elasticsearch簡介

• elasticsearch用途:elastic search主要用來存儲數據，供kibana調取並進行展現
• elasticsearch下載地址:https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz

5.2 解壓部署elasticsearch

[root@ELK-Kibana nginx]# cd /root/yuanmabao/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tar xf elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# mv /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.2.3 /usr/local/elasticsearch
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ll -d /usr/local/elasticsearch
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 143 3月  13 2018 /usr/local/elasticsearch

5.3 elasticsearch配置

#修改前的配置文件中的代碼
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat -n /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml | sed -n '33p;37p;55p;59p'
    33	#path.data: /path/to/data
    37	#path.logs: /path/to/logs
    55	#network.host: 192.168.0.1
    59	#http.port: 9200

#修改后的配置文件中的代碼
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# vim /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat -n /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml | sed -n '33p;37p;55p;59p'
    33	path.data: /usr/local/elasticsearch/data
    37	path.logs: /usr/local/elasticsearch/logs
    55	network.host: 127.0.0.1
    59	http.port: 9200

5.4 把elasticsearch目錄的用戶和屬主都更新為elk

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# chown -R elk:elk /usr/local/elasticsearch/

5.5 更改jvm的內存限制（看個人配置,這里未做修改）

[root@elk config]# cat jvm.options | sed -n "22p;23p"
-Xms1g
-Xmx1g

5.6 編輯elasticsearch啟動腳本，並在后台啟動

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# vim start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# cat start.sh
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--
/usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch -d >> /tmp/elasticsearch.log 2>> /tmp/elasticsearch.log

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# chmod a+x start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# ll -d start.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 124 8月  23 17:24 start.sh

5.7 降權啟動elasticsearch

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# su -s /bin/bash elk start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# ps -ef | grep elk | grep -v grep
elk        7143      1  0 16:25 pts/1    00:00:14 /usr/local/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/local/kibana/bin/../src/cli
elk        9852      1 36 17:25 pts/1    00:00:02 /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Xss1m -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0 -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp/elasticsearch.kNCsRtq1 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime -Xloggc:logs/gc.log -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=32 -XX:GCLogFileSize=64m -Des.path.home=/usr/local/elasticsearch -Des.path.conf=/usr/local/elasticsearch/config -cp /usr/local/elasticsearch/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch -d

5.8 觀察日志，看看kibana日志還會不會報elasticsearch錯誤

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# tail -f /tmp/kibana.log
{"type":"response","@timestamp":"2019-08-23T09:28:55Z","tags":[],"pid":7143,"method":"get","statusCode":200,"req":{"url":"/app/kibana","method":"get","headers":{"host":"127.0.0.1:5601","connection":"close","cache-control":"max-age=0","upgrade-insecure-requests":"1","user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36","accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3","referer":"http://192.168.200.15:5609/app/kibana","accept-encoding":"gzip, deflate","accept-language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9"},"remoteAddress":"127.0.0.1","userAgent":"127.0.0.1","referer":"http://192.168.200.15:5609/app/kibana"},"res":{"statusCode":200,"responseTime":52,"contentLength":9},"message":"GET /app/kibana 200 52ms - 9.0B"}

6. logstash的安裝和啟動

6.1 logstash簡介

• logstash用途：用來讀取日志，正則分析日志，發送給elasticsearch數據庫
• logstash下載地址：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.2.3.tar.gz

6.2 解壓部署logstash

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# cd /root/yuanmabao/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# tar xf logstash-6.2.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]#  mv /usr/local/logstash-6.2.3 /usr/local/logstash
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# ll -d /usr/local/logstash
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 237 8月  23 17:55 /usr/local/logstash

6.3 logstash jvm配置簡介，加入內存限制(這里看個人配置,這里沒有修改)

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat -n /usr/local/logstash/config/jvm.options | sed -n  '6p;7p;'
     6	-Xms1g
     7	-Xmx1g

6.4 新建logstash配置文件（默認沒有）

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# vim /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cat /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--
input {
    file {
        path => "/usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log"    #讀取日志路徑
   }
}
output {
     elasticsearch {
         hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]    #保存日志
    }
}

6.5 新建logstash的啟動腳本

[root@ELK-Kibana yuanmabao]# cd /usr/local/logstash/bin/
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# vim start.sh 
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# cat start.sh 
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--
nohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf >> /tmp/logstash.log 2>>/tmp/logstash.log &

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# chmod a+x start.sh
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# ll -d start.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 152 8月  23 18:13 start.sh

6.6 啟動logstash

#logstash並沒有監聽端口，因此不需要用elk用戶來啟動

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/start.sh 
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# ps -ef | grep logstash | grep -v grep
root       9964      1 23 18:15 pts/2    00:00:54 /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djruby.compile.invokedynamic=true -Djruby.jit.threshold=0 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/urandom -cp /usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/animal-sniffer-annotations-1.14.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/commons-compiler-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/error_prone_annotations-2.0.18.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/google-java-format-1.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/guava-22.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/j2objc-annotations-1.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-annotations-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-core-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-databind-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-dataformat-cbor-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/janino-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/javac-shaded-9-dev-r4023-3.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jruby-complete-9.1.13.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-api-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-core-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/logstash-core.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar org.logstash.Logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf

特別提示:logstash啟動的比較慢，需要多等一會兒。如果在kibana的Discover里能看到添加索引就說明logstash啟動好了

6.7 在kibana上配置索引，展現獲取的kibana日志數據

進行數據展現字段的篩選

對nginx的kibana_access.log進行數據追蹤，對比分析

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log
192.168.200.1 - admin [23/Aug/2019:18:26:40 +0800]  "GET /ui/fonts/open_sans/open_sans_v13_latin_700.woff2 HTTP/1.1"304 0 "http://192.168.200.15:5609/app/kibana""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36""-"
192.168.200.1 - admin [23/Aug/2019:18:27:28 +0800]  "GET /api/saved_objects/?type=index-pattern&fields=title&per_page=10000 HTTP/1.1"200 168 "http://192.168.200.15:5609/app/kibana""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36""-"
192.168.200.1 - admin [23/Aug/2019:18:27:29 +0800]  "GET /bundles/448c34a56d699c29117adc64c43affeb.woff2 HTTP/1.1"200 18028 "http://192.168.200.15:5609/bundles/commons.style.css?v=16602""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36""-"
192.168.200.1 - admin [23/Aug/2019:18:27:29 +0800]  "POST /elasticsearch/_msearch HTTP/1.1"200 3691 "http://192.168.200.15:5609/app/kibana""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36""-"
192.168.200.1 - admin [23/Aug/2019:18:27:46 +0800]  "GET /bundles/6199ab7146b1eb859db9ffd2b9b786d3.svg HTTP/1.1"304 0 "http://192.168.200.15:5609/bundles/kibana.style.css?v=16602""Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36""-"

#數據是一致的

7. logstash使用詳解

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# ps -ef | grep logstash | grep -v grep
root       9964      1  4 18:15 pts/2    00:01:27 /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djruby.compile.invokedynamic=true -Djruby.jit.threshold=0 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/urandom -cp /usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/animal-sniffer-annotations-1.14.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/commons-compiler-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/error_prone_annotations-2.0.18.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/google-java-format-1.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/guava-22.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/j2objc-annotations-1.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-annotations-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-core-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-databind-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-dataformat-cbor-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/janino-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/javac-shaded-9-dev-r4023-3.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jruby-complete-9.1.13.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-api-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-core-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/logstash-core.jar:/usr/local/logstash/logstash-core/lib/jars/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar org.logstash.Logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# kill -9 9964

[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -e ""     #命令執行的時間有點長，請耐心等待(執行前需要關閉logstash服務)
Sending Logstash's logs to /usr/local/logstash/logs which is now configured via log4j2.properties
[2019-08-23T18:50:01,638][INFO ][logstash.modules.scaffold] Initializing module {:module_name=>"fb_apache", :directory=>"/usr/local/logstash/modules/fb_apache/configuration"}
[2019-08-23T18:50:01,665][INFO ][logstash.modules.scaffold] Initializing module {:module_name=>"netflow", :directory=>"/usr/local/logstash/modules/netflow/configuration"}
[2019-08-23T18:50:02,403][WARN ][logstash.config.source.multilocal] Ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified
[2019-08-23T18:50:03,232][INFO ][logstash.runner          ] Starting Logstash {"logstash.version"=>"6.2.3"}
[2019-08-23T18:50:03,823][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
[2019-08-23T18:50:06,822][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Starting pipeline {:pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50}
[2019-08-23T18:50:22,288][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Pipeline started succesfully {:pipeline_id=>"main", :thread=>"#<Thread:0x7c6ef79b run>"}
The stdin plugin is now waiting for input:
[2019-08-23T18:50:22,386][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Pipelines running {:count=>1, :pipelines=>["main"]}
welcome          #在這里輸入"welcome"
{
          "type" => "stdin",
    "@timestamp" => 2019-08-23T10:53:57.807Z,
          "host" => "ELK-Kibana",
       "message" => "welcome",
      "@version" => "1"
}

7.1 logstash工作原理

• Logstash使用管道方式進行日志的搜集處理和輸出。有點類似於管道命令xxx|ccc|ddd，xxx執行完了會執行ccc，然后執行ddd。
• 在logstash中，包括了三個階段：輸入input ---> 處理filter（不是必須的） ---> 輸出output

• 每個階段都有很多的插件配合工作，比如file，elasticsearch，redis等
• 每個階段也可以指定多種方式，比如輸出既可以輸出到elasticsearch中，也可以指定到 stdout在控制台打印。
• 由於這種插件式的組織方式，使得logstash變得易於擴展和定制

7.2 命令行中常用的參數

參數	用途
-f	通過這個命令可以指定Logstash的配置文件，根據配置文件配置logstash
-e	后面跟着字符串，該字符串可以被當作logstash的配置（如果是""則默認使用stdin 作為默認輸入，stdout作為默認輸出）
-l	日志輸出的地址（默認就是stdout直接在控制台中輸出）
-t	測試配置文件是否正確，然后退出。

7.3 配置文件說明

前面介紹過logstash基本上由三部分組成，input，output以及用戶需要才添加的 filter，因此標准的配置文件格式如下：

input {...}  
filter {...}  
output {...} 

在每個部分中，也可以指定多個訪問方式，例如我想要指定兩個日志來源文件，則可以 這樣寫：

input {  
    file { path => "/var/log/messages" type => "syslog" }  
    file { path => "/var/log/apache/access.log" type => "apache" }  
}

類似的，如果在filter中添加了多種處理規則，則按照它的順序----處理，但是有一些插 件並不是線程安全的。

比如在filter中指定了兩個一樣的插件，這兩個任務並不能保證准確的按順序執行，因此 官方也推薦避免在filter中重復使用插件。

8. 利用logstash的正則進行日志信息的抓取測試

8.1 測試性抓取日志字段

#logstash提取數據段配置文件模板詳解
[root@ELK-Kibana bin]# cd /usr/local/logstash/config/
[root@ELK-Kibana config]# vim logstash.conf
[root@elk config]# cat logstash.conf
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--
input  {  
     stdin{}                   #從標准輸入讀取數據  
}  
filter    {  
     grok {  
         match => {  
            "message" => '(?<字段名>正則表達式).*'  
         }
    }
}  
output    {
     elasticsearch {           #如果要輸入到elasticsearch里，那么需要注釋掉stdout{}  
         hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]  
}  
     stdout {                  #只將信息輸出到屏幕上  
         codec => rubydebug    #用於正則提取測試，將正則抓取結果輸出到屏幕上  
     }
}

8.1.1 修改logstash配置文件

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# vim logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana config]# cat logstash.conf 
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--

input  {  
    stdin{ }  
}  
filter   {  
    grok {  
       match => {  
          "message" => '(?<mydate>[a-zA-Z]+ [0-9]+ [0-9:]+) (?<hostname  >[a-zA-Z]+).*'  
        }
    }
}  
output  {  
    elasticsearch {  
          hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]  
}  
      stdout {  
          codec => rubydebug  
      }
}

8.1.2 為了測試方便，我們暫時交互式啟動logstash

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf

8.1.3 輸出結果如下

#輸入內容
Aug 16 18:29:49 ELK systemd: Startup finished in 789ms (kernel) + 1.465s (initrd)  +18.959s (userspace) = 21.214s. 

{
      "@version" => "1",
       "message" => "Aug 16 18:29:49 ELK systemd: Startup finished in 789ms (kernel) + 1.465s (initrd)  +18.959s (userspace) = 21.214s.",
          "host" => "elk",
    "hostname  " => "ELK",               #這就是抓取的字段
    "@timestamp" => 2019-04-01T05:14:55.982Z,
        "mydate" => "Aug 16 18:29:49"    #這就是抓取的字段
}

8.2 將抓取的字段信息輸入到elasticsearch並顯示在kibana上

8.2.1 修改logstash配置文件

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# vim logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana config]# cat logstash.conf 
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--

input  {  
    stdin{ }  
}  
filter   {  
    grok {  
       match => {  
          "message" => '(?<mydate>[a-zA-Z]+ [0-9]+ [0-9:]+) (?<hostname  >[a-zA-Z]+).*'  
        }
    }
}  
output  {  
    elasticsearch {  
          hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]  
}  
#      stdout {                       #將這三行給注釋掉
#          codec => rubydebug         #將這三行給注釋掉
#      }                              #將這三行給注釋掉
}

8.2.2 交互式啟動logstash

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf

#用於進行測試輸入的日志內容
Aug 16 18:29:49 ELK systemd: Startup finished in 789ms (kernel) + 1.465s (initrd)  + 18.959s (userspace) = 21.214s.

9. ELK技術全量分析nginx日志

logstash如果直接把一整行日志直接發送給elasticsearch，kibana顯示出來就沒有什么 意義，我們需要提取自己想要的字段。假如說我們想要提取響應碼，用戶訪問url，響應 時間等，就得依靠正則來提取。

#logstash提取數據段配置文件模板詳解
input {  #日志輸入來源函數  
   file {  
      path => "/usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log"  
      }
  }  
     filter    {  #字段數據提取函數  
        grok  {  
          match => {  
              "message" => '(?<字段名>正則表達式).*'  
             }
       }
}  
output {  #數據輸出目的地函數  
     elasticsearch {  
          hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]  
     }
} 

9.1 利用正則從message中提取kibana訪問日志的IP地址

9.1.1 修改logstash配置文件

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# vim logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana config]# cat logstash.conf 
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--

input  {
     file {
        path => "/usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log"
      }
  }
  filter   {
      grok {
         match => {  
            "message" => '(?<IP>[0-9.]+) .*'
         }
     }
}
output {
    elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
    }
}

9.1.2 交互式啟動logstash

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf

9.1.3 檢查測試結果

9.2 從message中提取kibana訪問日志的time，url，返 回碼，字節大小

9.2.1 修改logstash配置文件

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# vim logstash.conf
[root@ELK-Kibana config]# cat logstash.conf 
#/bin/bash
#--Mr.yang--

input  {
    file {
        path => "/usr/local/nginx/logs/kibana_access.log"
     }
  }
  filter {
      grok {
          match => {  
             "message" => '(?<IP>[0-9.]+) .*HTTP/[0-9.]+"(?<mark>[0-9]+) (?<size>[0-9]+)[ "]+(?<url>[a-zA-Z]+://[0-9.]+:[0-9]+/[a-zA-Z/]+)".*'
           }
     }
}
output {
   elasticsearch {
         hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
     }
}

9.2.2 交互式啟動logstash

[root@ELK-Kibana config]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/config/logstash.conf

9.2.3 檢查測試結果