HttpClient配置SSL繞過https證書

https://blog.csdn.net/irokay/article/details/78801307

 

 

HttpClient簡介

HTTP 協議可能是現在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的協議了，越來越多的 Java 應用程序需要直接通過 HTTP 協議來訪問網絡資源。雖然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已經提供了訪問 HTTP 協議的基本功能，但是對於大部分應用程序來說，JDK 庫本身提供的功能還不夠豐富和靈活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子項目，用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議的客戶端編程工具包，並且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient 已經應用在很多的項目中，比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外兩個開源項目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。更多信息請關注http://hc.apache.org/

請求步驟

許多需要后台模擬請求的系統或者框架都用的是httpclient，使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單，一般需要如下幾步即可：

1. 創建CloseableHttpClient對象。
2. 創建請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求，創建HttpGet對象；如果需要發送POST請求，創建HttpPost對象。
3. 如果需要發送請求參數，可可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。setParams方法已過時（4.4.1版本）。
4. 調用HttpGet、HttpPost對象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法設置header信息，或者調用setHeaders(Header[] headers)設置一組header信息。
5. 調用CloseableHttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個CloseableHttpResponse。
6. 調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容；調用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭。
7. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接

先看個官方HttpClient通過Http協議發送get請求，請求網頁內容的例子：

1.ClientWithResponseHandler.java

/* * * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see * <http://www.apache.org/>. * */ package org.apache.http.examples.client; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; /** * This example demonstrates the use of the {@link ResponseHandler} to simplify * the process of processing the HTTP response and releasing associated resources. */ public class ClientWithResponseHandler { public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine()); // Create a custom response handler ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() { @Override public String handleResponse( final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); if (status >= 200 && status < 300) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null; } else { throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status); } } }; String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler); System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(responseBody); } finally { httpclient.close(); } } }

我把上述例子中的請求地址改為了“http://www.baidu.com/”，運行后控制台可以獲取百度首頁網頁內容：

下面把地址改為https地址：https://www.baidu.com/，再次嘗試運行： 
報錯了，提示unable to find valid certification path to requested target，無法通過htpps認證。

正規途徑，我們需要將證書導入到密鑰庫中，現在我們采取另外一種方式：繞過https證書認證實現訪問。

2.Method SSLContext

/** * 繞過驗證 * * @return * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException * @throws KeyManagementException */ public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3"); // 實現一個X509TrustManager接口，用於繞過驗證，不用修改里面的方法 X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() { @Override public void checkClientTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate, String paramString) throws CertificateException { } @Override public void checkServerTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate, String paramString) throws CertificateException { } @Override public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } }; sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null); return sc; }

修改1中main方法：

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String body = ""; //采用繞過驗證的方式處理https請求 SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL(); //設置協議http和https對應的處理socket鏈接工廠的對象 Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create() .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE) .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext)) .build(); PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry); HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); //創建自定義的httpclient對象 CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build(); //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); try{ //創建get方式請求對象 HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); //指定報文頭Content-type、User-Agent get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); get.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2"); //執行請求操作，並拿到結果（同步阻塞） CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get); //獲取結果實體 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { //按指定編碼轉換結果實體為String類型 body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); } EntityUtils.consume(entity); //釋放鏈接 response.close(); System.out.println("body:" + body); } finally{ client.close(); } }

運行代碼，獲取網頁內容成功！

同理，再嘗試下post請求：

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String body = ""; //采用繞過驗證的方式處理https請求 SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL(); //設置協議http和https對應的處理socket鏈接工廠的對象 Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create() .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE) .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext)) .build(); PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry); HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); //創建自定義的httpclient對象 CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build(); //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); try{ //創建post方式請求對象 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562"); //指定報文頭Content-type、User-Agent httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2"); //執行請求操作，並拿到結果（同步阻塞） CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost); //獲取結果實體 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { //按指定編碼轉換結果實體為String類型 body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); } EntityUtils.consume(entity); //釋放鏈接 response.close(); System.out.println("body:" + body); }finally{ client.close(); } }

https地址以豆瓣的一個api為例，獲得ID為1220562的書的信息。 
運行代碼：

獲取返回信息成功。

本博客例子下載地址： 
http://download.csdn.net/download/irokay/10158259 
例子中包含以上工程代碼，以及所需HttpClient組件jar庫。

參考： 
https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html 
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoxian8023/article/details/49865335 
https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html