我們在.NET Core項目中,可以用WebUtility類對Url進行編碼和解碼,首先我們要確保項目中引入了nuget包:System.Runtime.Extensions
當然這個nuget包默認就是包含在.NET Core的核心庫中的,所以正常情況下不用單獨去引入。
我們來看看WebUtility類的定義:
using System.IO; namespace System.Net { // // 摘要: // Provides methods for encoding and decoding URLs when processing Web requests. public static class WebUtility { // // 摘要: // Converts a string that has been HTML-encoded for HTTP transmission into a decoded // string. // // 參數: // value: // The string to decode. // // 返回結果: // A decoded string. public static string HtmlDecode(string value); // // 摘要: // Converts a string that has been HTML-encoded into a decoded string, and sends // the decoded string to a System.IO.TextWriter output stream. // // 參數: // value: // The string to decode. // // output: // A System.IO.TextWriter stream of output. // // 異常: // T:System.ArgumentNullException: // The output parameter cannot be null if the value parameter is not null. public static void HtmlDecode(string value, TextWriter output); // // 摘要: // Converts a string to an HTML-encoded string. // // 參數: // value: // The string to encode. // // 返回結果: // An encoded string. public static string HtmlEncode(string value); // // 摘要: // Converts a string into an HTML-encoded string, and returns the output as a System.IO.TextWriter // stream of output. // // 參數: // value: // The string to encode. // // output: // A System.IO.TextWriter output stream. // // 異常: // T:System.ArgumentNullException: // The output parameter cannot be null if the value parameter is not null. public static void HtmlEncode(string value, TextWriter output); // // 摘要: // Converts a string that has been encoded for transmission in a URL into a decoded // string. // // 參數: // encodedValue: // A URL-encoded string to decode. // // 返回結果: // Returns System.String. A decoded string. public static string UrlDecode(string encodedValue); // // 摘要: // Converts an encoded byte array that has been encoded for transmission in a URL // into a decoded byte array. // // 參數: // encodedValue: // A URL-encoded System.Byte array to decode. // // offset: // The offset, in bytes, from the start of the System.Byte array to decode. // // count: // The count, in bytes, to decode from the System.Byte array. // // 返回結果: // Returns System.Byte. A decoded System.Byte array. public static byte[] UrlDecodeToBytes(byte[] encodedValue, int offset, int count); // // 摘要: // Converts a text string into a URL-encoded string. // // 參數: // value: // The text to URL-encode. // // 返回結果: // Returns System.String. A URL-encoded string. public static string UrlEncode(string value); // // 摘要: // Converts a byte array into a URL-encoded byte array. // // 參數: // value: // The System.Byte array to URL-encode. // // offset: // The offset, in bytes, from the start of the System.Byte array to encode. // // count: // The count, in bytes, to encode from the System.Byte array. // // 返回結果: // Returns System.Byte. An encoded System.Byte array. public static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(byte[] value, int offset, int count); } }
現在我們新建一個.NET Core控制台項目,來演示WebUtility類的簡單用法,代碼如下:
using System; using System.Net; namespace WebUtilDemo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string rawUri = "http://localhost:8989/home/index"; Console.WriteLine($"原始Uri地址是:{rawUri}"); string encodedUri = WebUtility.UrlEncode(rawUri); Console.WriteLine($"編碼后Uri地址是:{encodedUri}");//http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8989%2Fhome%2Findex string decodedUri = WebUtility.UrlDecode(encodedUri); Console.WriteLine($"解碼后Uri地址是:{decodedUri}");//http://localhost:8989/home/index Console.WriteLine("按任意鍵退出..."); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
程序運行結果如下:
所以我們看到在.NET Core中使用WebUtility類,可以很方便地對Url進行編碼和解碼。
WebUtility.UrlEncode和HttpUtility.UrlEncode的空格轉換問題
目前.NET Core中WebUtility.UrlEncode方法會將空格" "轉換為加號"+",然而空格" "的Url編碼應該是"%20",不知道這是不是目前.NET Core的一個Bug,因為這個問題實際上在WebUtility.UrlEncode和HttpUtility.UrlEncode兩個方法中都存在。
但是也有說法,在Url編碼中空格" ",既可以用加號"+"表示,也可以用"%20"表示,所以這也不一定是個Bug。
如果要將空格" "編碼為"%20",可以使用Uri.EscapeDataString方法:
using System; using System.Net; using System.Web; namespace WebUtilDemo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string rawUri = "http://ABC EFG"; Console.WriteLine($"原始Uri地址是:{rawUri}"); string encodedUri1 = WebUtility.UrlEncode(rawUri); string encodedUri2 = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(rawUri); Console.WriteLine($"encodedUri1 是 {encodedUri1}");//http%3A%2F%2FABC+EFG Console.WriteLine($"encodedUri2 是 {encodedUri2}");//http%3a%2f%2fABC+EFG string decodedUri1 = WebUtility.UrlDecode(encodedUri1); string decodedUri2 = WebUtility.UrlDecode(encodedUri2); Console.WriteLine($"decodedUri1 是 {decodedUri1}");//http://ABC EFG Console.WriteLine($"decodedUri2 是 {decodedUri2}");//http://ABC EFG string encodedUri3 = Uri.EscapeDataString(rawUri); Console.WriteLine($"encodedUri3 是 {encodedUri3}");//http%3A%2F%2FABC%20EFG string decodedUri3 = WebUtility.UrlDecode(encodedUri3); Console.WriteLine($"decodedUri3 是 {decodedUri3}");//http://ABC EFG Console.WriteLine("按任意鍵退出..."); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
這個問題可以參考:
URL Encode and Decode in ASP.NET Core