一.了解
CentOS中如果安裝有yum,一般會有python2的某個版本。命令行鍵入python,出現的python2的環境:
[root@instance-hrnebyqu src]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr 11 2018, 07:36:10) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
我們希望將python這個shell指令連接到python3的版本。這里首先裝python3,然后將python連接到python3上。
由於路徑添加到了bash_profile文件中的PATH中了,因此環境變量不需要再改了。如果沒有天津愛到哦環境變量則需要
vim ~/.bash_profile
把Python3的路徑加上,然后重載bash_profile這個文件
接着修改bashrc這個文件
vim ~/.bashrc
將python2和python3 的路徑都寫上,並將python指定為python3
alias python2=/usr/bin/python alias python3=/usr/local/python3/bin/python3 alias python=/usr/local/python3/bin/python3
這樣,命令行開python就是python3了。
[root@instance-hrnebyqu src]# python Python 3.6.6 (default, Jul 4 2019, 12:00:29) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
注意:
在centos中,用於軟件安裝的yum指令是調用python昨晚命令解釋器的,因此其默認版本為Python2,如果改成python3,會由於2和3的兼容性問題導致yum可能出現故障。因此需要特別注意。
yum 的路徑在
/usr/bin/yum
可以看一下yum文件
#!/usr/bin/python import sys try: import yum except ImportError: print >> sys.stderr, """\ There was a problem importing one of the Python modules required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was: %s Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: %s If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to the yum faq at: http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq """ % (sys.exc_value, sys.version) sys.exit(1) sys.path.insert(0, '/usr/share/yum-cli') try: import yummain yummain.user_main(sys.argv[1:], exit_code=True) except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
可以看到,開頭默認了解釋器為/usr/bin/python。如果yum因為修改了python解釋器出現bug,可以將這個改成/usr/bin/python2.x即可。