C++ 詞匯表


C++詞匯表

A

abort()                       特殊函數

                                 如果一個函數拋出異常,但在通往異常函數的調用鏈中找不到與之匹配的catch,則該程序通常以此函數調用終止

abstract base class             抽象基類

abstract class                 抽象類

                                       無實例對象的類,其唯一用途是被繼承

abstract data type(ADT)        抽象數據類型

abstraction                   抽象

                            具體事物的一個概括

accessor function              訪問函數。

可以訪問一個對象但不能改變其值的函數。

action                       操作

action/decision model             操作判斷模型

adding a pointer and an integer   指針與整數相加

address                      地址

一個指定變量在內存中的位置值。

aggregation  relationship       聚合關系

                                              類之間的“has-a”關系。

algorithm                    算法

                                   用以解決問題的規格說明,要求無歧義,可執行並且可終止。

ambiguity in multiple inheritance 多重繼承的歧義性

ampersand(&) suffix           &號后綴

angle brackets                尖括號

ANSI/ISO  C++draft standard   ANSI/ISO C++標准

                            美國國家標准化協會(AmericanNational Atandards Institute)

和國際標准化組織(International Standards Organization)發

布的C++語言標准

appending strings to other strings 將字符串添加到另一個字符串中

argument                    參數

                            調用函數時使用的變量或由運算符連接的操作數。

argument in a function call       函數調用中的參數

arithmetic and logic unit         算術邏輯單元

arithmetic assignment operator    算術賦制值運算

arithmetic operators            算術邏輯符

array                        數組

                            同類型的值的集合,可以通過整型下標訪問其中的值。

array initialize list                 數組初始化值列表

array of pointers               指針數組

array of strings                字符串數組

arrow member selection operator(->) 箭頭成員選擇運算符 

arrow operator                 –>運算符

p–>等同於(*p)﹒m。

ASCII character set                     ASCII字符集

ASCII code                     ASCII 碼  

                               美國信息交換標准碼(American Standard Code for Information Interchange),將字母,數字,標點符號和控制符同0~127之間的整數對應起來。

assembly language                匯編語言

assert macro                                   assert宏

                               宏是一種特殊的預處理指令,用來在程序中插入一種復

                               雜代碼

assertion                        斷言

                               在程序某個具體位置上應滿足條件的要求,常用assert

                               宏進行測試。

assignment                      賦值

                               給變量賦予一個值。

association                      關聯

                               類之間的一種關系。其中,一個類的對象可以操縱另一

                               個類的對象,一般情況下通過對象引用實現。

attribute                        屬性

attributes of an object             對象屬性

auto storage class specifier         auto存儲類說明符

automatic storage                 自動存儲

automatic storage class             自動存儲類

automatic variable                自動變量

B

base case in recursion              遞歸中的基本情況

base class                        基類

                                派生其他類的類。

base class default constructor        基類默認構造函數

base-class constructor           基類構造函數

base-class destructor            基類析構函數

base-class initialize                 基類初始化值

base-class pointer                       基類指針

base-class virtual function         基類虛函數

behavior                                              行為

behaviors of an object              對象行為

Big-Oh notation                   大O表示法

標記g(n)=O(f(n)),表明函數g的增長率與用n表示的函數f的增長率相關。例如,10n2+100n–1000=O(n2)。

“Big three” management functions “大三樣”內存管理函數

類中用來管理動態內存或其他資源的3 個至關重要的函數,即復數構造函數,析構函數和賦值運算符函數。

binary file                       二進制文件

以二進制形式存在的數據文件,不能以文本方式讀取.

binary operator                   二元運算符

需要兩個運算符對象的運算符,例如x+y.

binary scope resolution operator(::)       二元作用域運算符

binary search                      折半查找       

一種在以排序的數組中查找某個特定值的快速算法,每次查找空間減半.

binary search of an array            數組折半查找

binary tree                       二叉樹

每個節點至多有兩個字節點.

bit                             位

二進制數字,也是信息的最小存儲單元,他只有兩種取值:0或1.不能n位二進制數有2n種可能的取值.

black-box testing                  黑盒測試

在未知內部實現細節的情況下所進行的測試.

block                            塊(程序塊)

block scope                      塊范圍

body of a function                 函數體

body of a loop                    循環體

boolean operator                   布爾運算符

boolean type                      布爾類型

只有true和false兩種取值的數據類型.

boundary test case                 邊界測試用例

在合法邊界值附近的測試用例.例如,如果一個函數要處理所有的非負整數,那么0 就是邊界用例測試.

bounds error                      邊界錯誤

試圖訪問數組合法范圍外的元素所引發的錯誤.

bounds checking                  邊界檢查

break statement                   break語句

C++語句之一,用於終止循環或switch語句.

Breakpoint                      斷點

                                在調試器中設定的程序點,當程序執行到該點時,調試器將停止程序執行,以便讓用戶檢查當前程序狀態.

bubble sort                       冒泡排序

buffered input                     帶緩沖的輸入

                                將輸入按批處理方式集中處理,例如,每次要求輸入一

行.

byte                            字節

                                一個0 到255之間的整數(8 個二進制位).事實上,目前所有計算機都將一個字節作為最小存儲單元.

C

C++ standard library             C++標准庫 

 

call a function                   調用函數

call-by-reference                 按引用調用

call-by-value                    按值調用

called function                   被調用函數

caller                                   調用者

calling function                           調用函數

call stack                                調用棧

當前所有被調用且未終止運行的函數集合,從當前函數開始,直至main函數結束.

cascaded overloaded operators               連續使用重載的運算符

case lable                                case標號

case sensitive                             大小寫相關

區分字母的大小寫.

cast                                     強制類型轉換

將值由一種類型轉換為另一種類型.例如,C++中將浮點數x轉換成整型數,可以用強制類型轉換static_cast<int>(x)來實現.

cast operator                             強制類型轉換運算符

cast operator function                      強制類型轉換運算符函數

catch a group of exceptions                  捕獲一組異常

catch an exception                         捕獲一個異常  

catch argument                           catch參數

catch block                              catch塊

central processing unit(CPU)                中央處理單元

                                        執行機器指令的計算機部件.

character code                            字符編碼

character constant                                              字符常量

character pointer                                                字符指針

character set                                                        字符集

cin.get() function                                                cin.get()函數

cin object                                cin對象

                                        cin屬於某個iostream從派生的類

clarity                                   清晰性    

class                                    類

                                        程序員自定義的數據類型.

class Array                                                            Array 類

class Date                                                             Date 類

class definition                                                    類定義

class hierarchy                                                     類層次

class Huge Integer                                               Huge Integer類

class libraries                                                       類庫

class member selector operator(.)                   類成員選擇運算符

class Phone Number                                           Phone Number類

class scope                                                           類范圍

class String                                                           String類

class template                                                     類模板

class template name                                          類模板名

Classes, Responsibilities and Collaborations(CRC)類、責任與協作

client of a class                                                    類客戶 

clint/server computing                      客戶/服務器計算

coercion of arguments                                       強制參數類型轉換

collaboration                                                       協作

column subscript                                                 列下標

command line                            命令行

在Windows或UNIX的命令窗口中運行程序所鍵入的行,包括應用程序名和命令行參數.

comment(//)                              注釋語句

為幫助他人理解程序代碼而編寫的解釋說明,它將被編譯程序忽略.

comparing strings                                               比較字符串

compiler                                 編譯程序

                                        將高級語言(例如C++)所編寫的代碼轉換為機器指令的程序.

compile error                             編譯錯誤

compile-time error                         編譯時錯誤

component                                                           組件

composition                                                        復合

compound statement                       復合語句

由多個語句組成的語句可,可作為if或for語句體.

computer program                         計算機語言

concatenation                             連接

將一個串放到另一個串的后面.

concrete class                                                  具體類

condition                                條件

conditional operator(?:)                                    條件運算符

const                                    一個關鍵字

                                        其聲明的量具有不易改變的性質,而系統保留其類型屬性和作用域,必要時保留地址屬性

const type qualifier                                             const類型限定符

constant variable                                                常量變量

constant pointer                                                 常量指針

constant pointer to non-constant data                            非常量數據的常量指針

constant                                 常量

程序中不能更改的值.

constructor                               構造函數

通過初始值創建對象的函數.

continue                                 一種語句

                                        用在循環語句中,其作用為結束本次循環

control structure                                                 控制結構

conversion between built-in types and classes   類和內部類型之間的轉換

conversion between class types                       類類型之間的轉換

conversion constructor                                       轉換構造函數

conversion function                                            轉換函數

conversion operator                                           轉換運算符

convert derived-class pointer to base-class pointer將派生類指針變為基類指針

copy constructor                  復制構造函數

用一個對象的副本來初始化另一個對象的函數

copy of a value                               數值副本

copying strings                            復制字符串

counter-controlled repetition         計數器控制重復

coupling                         耦合

                                表示類與類之間的依賴程度.

cout object                        cout對象

                                 cout屬於從某個ostream派生的類

crafting valuable classes            構造重要類

customize software                    定制的軟件

D

dangling pointer                   懸掛指針

未指向有效空間的指針.

dangling reference                        懸掛引用

data                             數據

data field                         數據成員

                                類對象中出現的變量.

data member                      數據成員

date type                                        數據類型

debugger                         調試器

允許用戶運行其他程序,以便對其進行調試程序.在調試器中,被調試程序可以每執行一步或多步,終止運行,還可以查看變量的值等,用以分析程序是否存在缺陷.

decision                         判斷

declaration                       聲明

用以說明變量,函數或類的存在,但並不定義它.

declare an array                            聲明數組

decrement a pointer                    遞減指針

decrement operator(--)             自減運算符

default case in switch               switch中的默認case

default constructor                 默認構造函數

沒有參數的構造函數.’

#define                          指令

用以定義常量和宏的指令,在欲處理階段,#if和#ifdef指令也將需要這些值.

default function arguments           默認函數參數

default member wise copy           默認的成員復制

definite repetition                         確定重復

definition                        定義

用於描述變量,類型,類及其屬性或函數及其實現的語句或語句序列.

delay loop                                       延遲循環

delete operator                    delete 運算符

用來回收動態(堆)內存的運算符.

delimiter                                           分隔符

dereference a pointer                復引用指針

dereferencing                     遞引用

當一個指針指向一個對象時,用指針來獲得對象.

dereferencing operator(*)            復引用運算符

derived class                      派生類

由基類派生的類, 通過增加數據成員或成員函數,重定義基類成員函數等方法改寫基類.

derived-class constructor            派生類構造函數

derived-class destructor             派生類析構函數      

derived-class pointer               派生類指針

destructor                        析構函數

                                當對象超出其作用域時被調用的函數.

dictionary ordering                 詞典序

                                 即字典序

directory                         目錄

在磁盤上文件的組織結構,可以包含文件或其他目錄

direct base class                            直接基類

directly reference a variable          直接引用變量

displacement into vtable             vtable位移

distributed computing               分布式計算

divide and conquer                 分而治之,各個擊破

do/while repetition structure  do/while                   重復結構    

dot member selection operator(.)        圓點成員選擇運算符

dot notation                       點運算符

用於存取對象中的成員.

double-selection structure            雙項選擇結構

double-subscripted array             雙下標數組

doubly linked list                   雙向鏈表

                                 鏈表的節點都包含兩個指針,分別指向其前繼節點和

                                 后繼節點.

dynamic binding                   動態綁定

程序運行時,根據對象的類型來調用特定的函數.

dynamic memory allocation          動態內存分配

                                在程序運行時,根據程序的需要分配內存.

E

early binding                      提前關聯

 

editor                            編輯器

element of an array                 數組元素

element of chance                  機會元素

eliminating switch statements         消除switch語句

empty exception specification         空異常指定

empty statement                    空語句

encapsulation                      封裝

隱藏實現細節.

#endif                            之間的代碼包含進來的預處理指令

end of file                         文件結束

                                   如果文件中所有字符都被讀取,則文件結束條件為注

                                   意,並沒有特定的文件結束字符.當從鍵盤輸入來構一

      個文件時,則需要鍵入一個特定的字符通知操作系統

文件結束,但該字符並不作為文件的一部分.

enumeration                        枚舉

enumeration constant                 枚舉常量

enumerated type                     枚舉類型

                                  一個帶有有限數目的值類型,每個值都有自己的符名.

escape character(\)                   轉義符

字面上沒有任何含義的文本字符,但與其他字符或緊跟其后的字符結合起來時卻有特定的含義.

escape sequence                     轉義序列

exception                          異常

用來指明某個導致程序無法正常執行的條件的類. 該條件發生時,系統就會拋出一個異常對象.

exception handler                   異常處理

當某個特定的異常被拋出並被捕獲時,用來處理該異常的語句序列.

executable file                      可執行文件

有程序的機器指令構成的文件.

execution-time error                  執行時錯誤

explicit parameter                    顯式參數

                                   函數的形參,而不是調用函數時的參數.

explicit pointer conversion            顯式指針轉換

explicit type conversions(with casts)      顯式類型轉換(使用強制類型轉換運算符)

expression                         表達式

由常量,變量,函數調用及其運算符構成的式子

extension                          擴展名

                                  文件名的后一部分,用來指定文件的類型. 例如,擴展

名.cpp表示C++文件.

extensibility                                  可擴展性

 

extern storage class specifies           extern存儲類說明符

F

factorial function                          階乘函數

failed stream state                                                 失敗的流狀態

fatal error                                                             致命錯誤

Fibonacci number                                                   斐波納契數列

field accessor                                                      成員訪問函數

field mutator                                                     成員變異函數

file                                                                文件

file pointer                                                        文件指針

file scope                                                              文件范圍

file server                                                             文件服務器

filed width                                                            域寬

fixed-point format                                              定點格式

flags member function                                       flags成員函數

floating-point number                                           浮點數

flow of control                                                     控制流

flush member function                                      flush成員函數

flush stream manipulator                                  flush流操縱算子

folder                                                           文件夾

for repetition structure                                      for重復結構

formal parameter in a template header                 模板首部中的形式參數

format flags                                                          格式標志

format states                                                       格式狀態

formatted I/O                                                      格式化I/O

friend of a base class                                          基類友元

friend of a derived class                                     派生類友元

friend of a template                                           模板的友元

friend overloaded operator                              函數調用運算符

fstream class                                                        fstream類

fully qualified name                                                 完全限定名

function                                                          函數

function call                                                         函數調用

function declaration                                           函數聲明

function definition                                              函數定義

function overloading                                          函數重載

function overriding                                             函數重定義

function pointer                                                  函數指針

function prototype                                             函數原型

function scope                                                     函數范圍

function signature                                              函數簽名

function template                                               函數模板

function template declaration                          函數模板的聲明

function template definition                             函數模板的定義

G

garbage collection                                                  垃圾回收

garbage value                                                      垃圾值

gcount member function                                   gcount成員函數

get function                                                         get函數

get member function                                          get成員函數

getline member function                                   getline成員函數

global object                                                        全局對象

global variable                                                     全局變量

good member function                                      good成員函數

goto statement                                                    goto語句

grep                                                             UNIX實用程序

H

has a relationship                                                "是"關系

head file                                                                頭文件

heap                                                                 堆

helper function                                                    幫助函數

hex stream manipulator                                    hex流操縱算子

hierarchical relationship                                     層次關系

high-level language                                            高級語言

I

IDE                                                                       集成開發環境

identifier                                                               標識符

#if                                      當條件為真時,指示編譯程序將#if和與其相匹配的

if selection structure                                          if選擇結構

if structure                                                           if結構

if/else selection structure                                 if/else選擇結構

ifstream class                                                       ifstream類

從istream繼承的類

ignore member function                                   ignore成員函數

implementation inheritance                             實現繼承

implementation of a class                                 類的實現方法

implicit parameter                                                隱式參數

implicit type conversions                                   隱式類型轉換

#include                                 指示編譯程序包含頭文件的指令

in-core formatting                                              內核格式化

increment a pointer                                           遞增指針

increment operator(++)                                     自增運算符

indefinite postponement                                  無限延遲

indefinite repetition                                           不確定重復

independent software vendor(ISV)                 獨立軟件供應商

indirect base class                                               間接基類

indirection                                                            間接

indirection operator(*)                                      間接運算符

indirectly reference a variable                          間接引用變量

infinite loop                                                          無限循環

infinite recursion                                                 無窮遞歸

infinite recursion error                                       無窮遞歸錯誤

information hiding                                              信息隱藏

inheritance                                                           繼承

                                                                                    基類和派生子類之間的“is-a”關系

initialization                                                         初始化

                                                                                    當變量被創建時為其設置一個值

initialize a class object                                        初始化類對象

initialize a pointer                                               初始化指針

initialize an array                                                 初始化數組

inline function                                                     內聯函數

inline member function                                     內聯成員函數

in-memory formatting                                       內存格式化

input device                                                         輸入設備

input/output                                                        輸入/輸出設備

instance of a class                                               類的實例

instantiate an object of a class                         實例化類對象

instantiation of a class                                           類實例化

integer division                                                    整除

integer division                                                        兩個整數相除,只取商的整數部分

integer                                                                       整型

interface                                                                   接口

interface inheritance                                          接口繼承

interface to class                                                 類的接口

interface                                                                    函數集合

interpreter                                                           解釋器

invoke a function                                                調用函數

 

<iomanip.h> standard header file             <iomanip.h>標准頭文件

iostream                                                            輸入輸出流

iostream.h                                是I/O流的標准頭文件

 

“is” a relationship                         "是"關系

iteration                                             迭代

iterator                                                  迭代器                    

                                       在容器中用來遍歷所有元素的對象

J

javadoc                                 在java SDK中的文檔生成器

K

keyword                                           關鍵字

keyword class in a template type parameter          模板類型參數中的關鍵字class

keyword template                                         關鍵字template

“knows”a relationship                                  "知道"關系

L

late binding                                                  滯后關聯

leading 0 (ocal)                                            八進制值的開頭

leading 0x or 0X(hexadecimal)                 十六進制值的開頭

left-justified                                                 左對齊

left-to-right associability                           從左向右結合定律

length of a string                                        字符串長度

lexicographic ordering                                    字典序   

                                                                            按字典中排序單詞的方式對字符串進行排序

library                                                              庫

已被編譯並且可在程序中引用的函數集合

linear search                                                   線性查找   

                                                                            為查找特定對象,順序地查找容器中的

                                                                            每個元素

linear search of an array                            數組的線性查找

linkage                                                          連接

linkage specification                                  連接指定

linked list                                                       鏈表

                                                                可以存放任意多個對象的數據結構

linker                                                         鏈接器 

                                 將程序文件和庫文件鏈接起來形成可執行文件

linking                                                           連接

literal                                                            直接量

loading                                                          裝入

local variable                                    作用域僅限於某個塊內的變量

logic error                                                    邏輯錯誤

程序在語法無誤的前提下發生的錯誤,將導致與規格說明書不符的執行結果

logical AND(&&)                                          邏輯與

logical negation(!)                                      邏輯非

logical operator                                              邏輯運算符

                                                                            用來完成邏輯運算的運算符,其值為布爾類型

logical OR(||)                                              邏輯或

long

loop                                                               循環

                                                                   可以重復執行的語句序列

loop and a half                                                中置循環       

                                                                            循環終止條件既不在開始,又不在結尾的循環

loop counter                                                循環計數器

loop invariant                                              循環語句執行一次后,保存程序狀態的語句

loop invariant                                               循環不變式

loop-continuation condition                        循環條件

looping                                                         循環

lvalue("left value")                                     左值

M

machine code                                                 機器碼

                                                                        可以直接被CPU執行的指令

machine dependent                                   機器相關

machine independent                               機器無關

macro                                                             宏

                                                                         用預定義的命令所構成的

                                                                            序列替換某個命令的機制

magic number                                               幻數   

                                                                            在程序中出現但沒有解釋的變量

main                                                             程序執行時第一個被調用的函數

make                                                            一個包含用於指定如何通過編譯和鏈接

math library functions                               數學庫函數

m-by-n array                                                m×n數組

member access control                             成員訪問控制

member access specifies                           成員訪問說明符

member class                                              成員類

member function                                        成員函數

                                                                    由類定義並對該類對象實施操作的函數

member function overloaded operator          重載為成員函數的運算符

member initialize                                        成員初始化值

member object                                           成員對象

member selection operator(.和→)              成員選擇運算符

member wise copy                                     成員復制

memory leak                                               內存泄漏

memory location                                        內存地址

merge sort                                                       歸並排序

          一種排序算法,先對數組中的兩個子數組

                 分別排序,然后再將其合並起來

message                                                       消息

method                                                         方法

mixed-type expression                              混合類型表達式

modeling                                                      構造

modular program                                       模塊化程序

module                                                          模塊

                                                                 包含相關類和函數的程序單元

modulus operator(%)                                 求模運算符

multiple inheritance                                   多重繼承

multiple-selection structure                       多項選擇結構

multiple-subscripted array                       多下標數組

multiplication operator(*)                        乘法運算符

multiprocessor                                            多道程序處理

multitasking                                                 多任務

mutator function                                          變異函數

可以改變對象狀態的成員函數

N

name clash                                                     命名沖突

                                                                   使用同一名稱標識兩個程序屬性時將發生命名

                                                        沖突,導致編譯程序無法編譯

name decoration                                        名字修飾

name mangling                                           名字改編

name of an array                                        數組名

named constant                                          命名常量

namespace                           是用來避免命名空間沖突

negative test case                                         逆向測試用例 

                                                                    期望程序失效的測試用例

nested block                                                  嵌入塊                     

                                                                            包含在另一個塊中的塊

nested control structures                          嵌套控制結構

nested parentheses                                   嵌套的括號

new                                                               用來從堆中動態分配內存的運算符

newline                                                          換行符

                                                                      字符“\n“,表明一行結束

O

no static local object                                  非靜態局部對象

non-constant pointer to constant data                   常量數據的非常量指針

non-constant pointer to non-constant data   非常量數據的非常量指針

non-fatal error                                            非致命錯誤

nonmember function                                 非成員函數

non-over loadable operators                    非可重載的運算符

non-type parameter in a template header      模板首部中的無類型參數

null character                                              空字符('\O)

NULL pointer                                               NULL指針  

                                                                            表示指針不指向任何對象

numeric code of a character                         字符的數字代碼

object                                                             對象

                                                                    用戶定義類型的值

object file                                                         目標文件  

                                                                            由機器指令構成的文件

object-oriented design(OOD)                        面向對象設計

                                    通過找出應用中的對象、對象的屬性及其關系而

                                          進行的程序設計

object-oriented programming(OOP)               面向對象編程

                                    其本質是把數據和處理數據的過程當成一個整體-對象

oct stream manipulator                             oct流操縱算子

off-by-one error                                            漏1錯誤  

                                                                            一類程序錯誤,其值比應有的值大1或小1

offset into vtable                                        偏移量

ofstream class                                             ofstream類

opening a file                                                  打開文件   

                                                                            為讀寫准備文件

operand                                                        操作數

operating system                                 加載應用程序並為這些程序提供服務的軟件

operating system                                          操作系統

operator                                                       運算符

                                                                   用來表示邏輯運算或數學運算的符號

operator associability                                運算符結合律

operator char*

operator implemented as function             將運算符實現為函數

operator int

operator keyword                                      operator 關鍵字

operator overloading                                 運算符重載

                                           是簡化對象運算的函數調用現象,通過定義函數名為operater的運算符函數,有關對象的函數調用可以簡化為x﹫y或﹫x隱含調用的代替形式。

operator precedence                                   運算符的優先級        

                                                                            確定哪個運算符優先運算的規則

operator void* member function            operator void*成員函數

operator!

operator! member function                     operator!成員函數

optimizing compiler                                   優化編輯器

oracle                             預測其他程序行為的程序

ostream class                                               ostream類

output device                                              輸出設備

over loadable operators                            可重載的運算符

overloaded !=operator                              重載的!=運算符

overloaded [] operator                              重載的[]運算符

overloaded + operator                                重載的 + 運算符

overloaded += operator                             重載的 += 運算符

overloaded = = operator                           重載的= =運算符

overloaded =operator                               重載的=運算符

overloaded assignment (=) operator        重載的賦值 運算符

overloaded++operator                              重載的++運算符

overloaded<<operator                              重載的<<運算符

overloaded<=operator                              重載的<=運算符

overloaded<operator                                重載的<運算符

overloaded>=operator                              重載的>=運算符

overloaded>>operator                              重載的>>運算符

overloaded>operator                                重載的>運算符

overloaded--operator                                重載的--運算符

overloading                                                  重載        

                                                                            給一個函數名或運算符賦予多個含義

overloading a binary operator                 重載二元運算符

overloading a template function             重載模板函數

                                                               當函數名和函數模板的名字相同但操作不同時,有必要用重載的方法把它們區分開,這種情況稱為重載模板函數

overloading a unary operator                  重載一元運算符

override a base-class member function     重定義基類成員函數

override a pure virtual function               重定義純虛函數

P

padding                                                        填充

parallel vector                                                平行向量    

                                                                            具有相同長度且對應元素邏輯相關的向量

parameter                                                     形參 

                                    函數運行期間可以被設置的變量,其值在函數調用

                                                                            時設定

parameter in a function definition              函數定義中的參數

parameter passing                                         參數傳遞

                                                           當調用函數時,使用表達式對函數的形參變量進行

                                                                            初始化

parameter value                                            形參值         

                                                                            函數調用者提供給形參的表達式

parameter variable                                      形參變量

                                                          當調用函數時,函數中用形參值進行初始化的變量

parameterized stream manipulator                參數化流操縱算子

parameterized type                                    參數化類型

parentheses                                                 括號

pass of s bubble sort                                  冒泡排序操作

pass-by-reference                                       按引用傳遞

passing arrays to functions                       將數組傳遞給函數

peek member function                               peek成員函數

pointer                                                        指針

                                                                  對象在內存中的地址

pointer  comparison                                指針比較

pointer arithmetic                                      指針算法

pointer assignment                                    指針賦值

pointer expression                                     指針表達式

pointer indexing                                         指針索引

pointer subscripting                                   指針下標

pointer to a base class                               基類指針

pointer to a base-class object                  基類對象指針

pointer to a derived class                          派生類指針

pointer to a derived-class object              派生類對象指針

pointer to a function                                  函數指針

                                    指向函數地址的指針

pointer to an abstract class                      抽象類指針

pointer to void(void*)                                void指針

                                    一種寬泛類型的指針

pointer types                                               指針類型

                                    值為地址的變量

pointer/offset notation                             指針/偏移量符號

polymorphism                                               多態

    根據對象實際類型從同名函數中選擇相應函數執行

popping a value                                   刪除棧頂值

position number                                         位置號

positive test case                                            正向測試用例  

                                                                            期望函數能正確處理的測試用例

post decrement operator                          后置自減運算符

postfix operator                                            后綴運算符    

                                                                            出現在操作數后面的單目運算符

postfix unary operator overloading        后綴一元運算符重載

post increment pow                                   后置自增運算符

pow function                                               pow函數

precedence                                                  優先級

precision member function                      precision成員函數

precondition                                                   前置條件

                                                                            當函數被調用時,該條件必為真

predecrement operator                            前置自減運算符

predefined stream                                     預定義的流

predicate function                                         謂詞函數 

                                                                 返回布爾值的函數

prefix operator                                             前綴運算符

                                                             出現在操作數前面的單目運算符

preincrement operator                             前置自增運算符

preprocessor                                               預處理器  

                                                                  在編譯前對源代碼進行處理的程序

primary memory                                         主內存

principle of least privilege                         最低權限原則

private

private base class                                       private基類

private inheritance                                     private繼承

                                                                         在私有繼承中,只有類的成員函數才

                                                                            可以訪問基類函數

procedural programming                          過程式編程

procedure                                                     過程

                                                                    沒有返回值的函數

programmer-defined function                 程序員定義的函數

programmer-defined type                        程序員定義類型

programming "in the general"                 常規編程

programming "in the specific"                 特定編程

programming language                            編程語言

project                                                              項目

                                                                            源文件及其依賴文件的集合

promotion hierarchy                                  層次提升

prompt                                                        提示

                                                                      提示用戶進行輸入的字符串

protected

protected base class                                    protected基類

protected inheritance                                protected繼承

protected member of a class                    類的protected成員

prototype                                                        原型

proxy class                                                   代理類

pseudo code                                                    偽代碼

                                                                       在開發程序時,混合使用自然語言和

                                                                            C++語言寫出的代碼

public base class                                         public基類

public inheritance                                       public繼承

public interface of a class                          類的public接口

pure virtual function(=0)                           純虛函數(=0)

pushing a value                                             壓入值

put member function                                put 成員函數

put back member function                       put back成員函數

query function                                            查詢函數

R

RAM                                                              隨機存儲器 

                                                                            存放運行中程序代碼和數據的內存區域

RAND_MAX

random access                                               隨機存取

                                                                 不必依次訪問而直接訪問任意值

random number generation                     隨機數產生

randomize                                                    隨機化

rapid applications development(RAD)            快速應用程序開發

rdstate member function                          rdstate成員函數

read member function                              read成員函數

read-only variable                                      只讀變量

recursion                                                      遞歸

                                    通過重復執行相同的計算來解決問題

recursive call                                               遞歸調用

                                    在函數嵌套調用的情況下,如果在嵌套的層次體系中追根溯源時導致函數對自身的調用,這種現象叫遞歸調用

recursive function                                      遞歸函數  

                                                                能夠調用自身的函數

redirection                                                       重定向                

                                                                            將程序的輸入或輸出定向到文件,而不再

                                                                            是鍵盤或顯示器

reference parameter                                 引用參數

                                                                      將與函數調用時提供的實參

                                                                            變量綁定在一起的形參

reference to a base class                           基類引用

reference to a derived class                      抽象類引用

reference type                                            引用類型

register storage class specifies                 register存儲類說明符

regression testing                                          回歸測試

                                                                        對於程序的每個更新版本,使用原有的

                                                                            測試用例重新測試

regular expression                                         正則表達式

relational operators                                       關系運算符

repetition                                                     重復

repetition structures                                  重復結構

reserved word                                              保留字

                                                              在程序設計語言中有特殊意義的單詞,編程時

                         reserved word程序員不能用其命名

resetiosflags stream manipulator            resetiosflags流操縱算子

return

return value                                                    返回值

                                                                            函數通過return語句返回一個值

return-value -type                                      返回值類型

reusable code                                              可復用代碼

right-justified                                               右對齊

right-to-left associability                           從右向左結合律

round off error                                               截位錯誤    

                                                                            由於計算機只能存儲有限位的浮點數

                                                                            所引發的錯誤

row subscript                                               行下標

rules of operator precedence                     運算符優先級規則

run-time error                                                 運行錯誤

run-time stack                                               運行棧  

                                                                            當程序運行時,存放局部變量和

                                                                            函數返回地址的數據結構

rvalue("right value")                                  右值

                                                      出現在賦值運算符的右側,僅含右值的操作數不改變內存的數據狀態,右值不一定具有存儲地址

S

scalability                                                     伸縮性

scaling                                                           比例縮放

scope                                                                作用域

                                                                         變量的有效范圍

scope resolution operator(::)                   作用域運算符

search an array                                           查找數組

search key                                                    查找鍵

selection                                                       選擇

selection sort                                                 選擇排序       

                                                                            一種排序算法,不斷地查找並移出最小值,直到

                         所有的值處理完畢

self assignment                                           自我賦值

self-referential structure                           自引用結構

semicolon(;)                                                 分號,語句中止符

sentinel                                                           標記值

                                                                       輸入時用到的值,但通常不作為實際輸入,

                                                                            只用來標識輸入結束

sentinel value                                              標記值

separate compilation                                    單獨編譯

單獨編譯每個源文件,以便和目標文件鏈接起來最終生成可執行程序

sequential access                                          順序訪問   

                                                                            順序訪問每個值, 不能略過其中任何一個

sequential execution                                 順序執行

services of a class                                       類服務

set function                                                 set函數

setbase stream manipulator                    setbase流操縱算子

setf member function                                setf成員函數

setfill stream manipulator                        setfill流操縱算子

setiosflags stream manipulator              setiosflags流操縱算子

setprecision stream manipulator            setprecision流操縱算子

setw stream manipulator                  setw流操縱算子

shadowing                                                      屏蔽

                                                                            通過在嵌套塊中定義一個同名變量

                                                                            隱藏另一個變量

shell                                                                操作系統的一部分,用戶通過鍵入命令來

                                                                            執行程序或操作文件

shell script shell                                              腳本

                                                                         由運行程序和操作文件的命令組成的文件

shifting                                                          位移

short

side effect                                                    副作用  

                                                                            函數除了返回值以外,還帶來其他影響

signature                                                      簽名

simple statement                                           簡單語句

                                                                      由一個表達式構成的語句

simulated call-by-reference                      模擬的按引用調用

simulation                                                    模擬

single inheritance                                       單一繼承

single-argument constructor                    單個參數構造函數

single-entry/single-exit control structures   單人/單出控制結構

single-selection structure                          單項選擇結構

single-stepping                                                單步  

                                                                            在調試器中每次執行程序的一條語句

single-subscripted array                            單下標數組

sinking sort                                                  下沉排序

sizeof                               系統的關鍵字同時又是常用的運算符

skipws

slicing objects                                                 切片對象  

                                                                        將派生類對象復制給基類變量時,將

                         引起派生類對象中數據的丟失

software                                                       軟件

software asset                                             軟件資源

software engineering                                 軟件工程

software reusability                                   軟件可復用性

sort an array                                                數組排序

source file                                                        源文件

                                                                       由程序設計語言編寫的指令組成的文件

source-code file                                          源代碼文件

square brackets                                          方括號( [] )

stack                                                                棧    

                                                                            一種數據結構,只能在棧頂增刪元素

stacked control structures                        堆棧控制結構

standard error object(cerr)                        標准錯誤對象

standard input object(cin)                           標准輸入對象

standard library header files                    標准庫頭文件

standardized software components                標准化軟件組件

statement                                                    語句

                                                                      程序中的語法單元

statement terminator(;)                            語句中止符

static                                                              C++關鍵字

static binding                                                 靜態綁定

                                                              根據調用函數的對象類型來調用

                                                                            特定函數,在編譯時該函數是確定的

static data member of a class template     類模板的static數據成員

static data member of a template class          模板類的static數據成員

static local object                                        靜態局部對象

static member function of a class template  類模板的static成員函數

static storage class specifies                     static存儲類說明符

static storage duration                              靜態存儲期

static variable                                              static變量

static_cast<type>()

std::cout

stepwise refinement                                   步求精

                                                                            將一個問題划分為若干小問題,再進一步將這些小

                                                                            問題划分為更小問題的解決方法

storage class                                                存儲類

storage class specifies                                存儲類說明符

strcat

strcmp

strcpy

stream                                                             流

                                                                    字節序列的抽象,可以從中讀取數據,

                                                                            也可以將數據寫入其中

stream class libraries                                 流類庫

stream -extraction operator(>>)              流讀取運算符

stream input                                                 流輸入

stream manipulator                                   stream操縱算子

stream output                                             流數輸出

stream-insertion operator(<<)                 流插入運算符

string                                                             字符串

string concatenation                                  字符串連接

string constant                                                字符串常量

string literal                                                 字符串直接量

string processing                                         字符串處理

string.h

srlen                               計算入口字符串的凈長度

srncat

srncmp                             比較字符串

strncpy

strtok

structure                                                      結構

structured programming                           結構化編程

stub                                                                   樁

                                                                            一個沒有任何功能或只有很少功能的函數

subclass                                                        子類

subscript                                                       下標

substring                                                      子串

subtracting an integer from a pointer             將指針減去一個整數

subtracting tow pointers                           兩個指針相減

super class                                                   超類

switch logic                                                  switch邏輯

switch selection structure                          switch選擇結構

syntax                                                              語法

                                                                          程序設計語言中指令的編寫規則

syntax error                                                 語法錯誤

                                                                         由於沒有遵循語法規則,被編譯程序提示的錯誤

T

tab character                                                 水平制表符

  符‘\t’,將下一個字符定位到屏幕的下一個

    被稱為制表位的固定位置上

table of values                                             數值表

tabular format                                             表格形式

template                                                         模板

                                                                   一個類集合

template  class                                          模板類

template  class member function         模板類成員函數

template argument                                    模板實參

template function                                       模板函數

                                    是一種描述,在調用點產生具體的代碼

template name                                           模板名

template parameter                                  模板行參

template<class T>

temporary area of exchange of values            臨時數據交換區

ternary operator                                         三元運算符       

                                                                            包含三個操作數的運算符

test coverage                                                測試覆蓋   

                                                                            一個測試用例集執行了哪些程序語句

text file                                                            文本文件

                                                                    數據以文本方式存放的文件

test harness                                                  測試驅動

                                                                      一個調用被測函數的程序

test suite                                                       測試用例集

                                                                 程序測試用例的集合

tie member function                                  tie成員函數

tilde (~) in destructor name                      析構函數名中的代字符

time

token                                                            標記

tokenizing strings                                       標記化字符串

top-down,stepwise refinement               自上而下逐步完善

trace message                                               追蹤信息      

                                                                            程序運行時,為了調試而打印的信息

transfer of control                                      控制轉移

translator program                                     翻譯器程序

triple-subscripted array                             三下標數組

TRUE

Turing machine                                            圖靈機

                                                                      一種簡單的計算模型,在計算機科學理論中用於

                         研究問題的可計算性

type parameter in a template header             模板首部的類型參數

typename

type-safe I/O                                               類型安全I/O

type-safe linkage                                        類型安全連接

U

unary  operator                                           單目運算符

                                                              只有一個操作數的運算符

unary scope resolution operator ::             一元作用域運算符

undefined value                                          未定義數值

unformatted I/O                                         無格式I/O

Unicode                                                          一種編碼標准,用雙字節存放碼值,從而將                                                          Unicode各種語言中出現的字符全部容納到該編碼

Uninitialized variable                                  未初始化變量

unit test                                                          單元測試

                                                                       對函數自身進行的測試,需要把該函數和

                                                                            程序的其他部分隔離開

unsetf member function                           unsetf成員函數

unsigned

uppercase                                                    大寫

user-defined conversion                           用戶自定義轉換

user-defined streams                                 用戶自定義流

user-defined type                                       用戶自定義類型

uses a relationship                                     "使用"關系

using namespace std;

utility function                                            工具函數

V

value of an element                                   元素值

value parameter                                            值參數

                                                                        形參的一種形式,其實參值直接復制給

                                                                            函數相應的形參變量

variable                                                         變量

                                                                   可以存放不同值的內存單元

variable name                                             變量名

variable value                                              變量值

vector                                                             向量

                                                                 實現動態數組的標准C++模板

virtual destructor                                        虛析構函數

                                    在基類的析構函數前加上關鍵字virtual聲明

virtual function                                           虛函數

                                                                    可以在派生類中重定義的函數,實際調用

virtual function table                                  虛函數表

                         virtual function的函數取決於運用時調

                         用函數的對象類型

visual programming                                    可視化編程

                                                                   一種程序設計方式

void                                                                    用於表示無類型或未知類型的關鍵字

void*(pointer to void)                                void指針

vtable

vtable pointer                                              vtable指針

W

walkthrough                                                   走查

      為了驗證程序的正確性,人工地模擬程序或部分程序的運行

watch window                                                監視窗口        

                                                                            一個調試器中的窗口,用於顯示指定變量的當前值

while repetition structure                         while重復結構

white space                                                     空白字符

                                                                        包括空格符、水平制表符和換行符

white-box testing                                          白盒測試

                                                              考慮函數內部實現的測試手段

white-space characters                             空白字符

width

word processing                                         字處理

write member function                             write成員函數

ws member function                                  ws成員函數

zeroth element                                           第0個元素


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