博客小序:NetCDF格式數據廣泛應用於科學數據的存儲,最近幾日自己利用python處理了一些NetCDF數據,特撰此博文以記之。
參考博客:
https://www.cnblogs.com/shoufengwei/p/9068379.html
https://blog.csdn.net/EWBA_GIS_RS_ER/article/details/84076201
http://www.clarmy.net/2018/11/01/python%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96nc%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E7%BA%A7%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C/
1.NetCDF數據簡介
NetCDF官方文檔
https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf_introduction.html
2.Python對NetCDF數據基本操作
python中專門用於處理NetCDF數據的庫為netCDF4庫,需在自己的python路徑中安裝
In[1]:import netCDF4 as nc #模塊導入
In[2]:data = 'F:\\data___python_test\\nc_to_tif\\nc\\ndvi3g_geo_v1_1990_0106.nc4'
nc_data = nc.Dataset(data) #利用.Dataset()方法讀取nc數據
nc_data
Out[2]: <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Dataset'>
In[3]:nc_data.variables #以存儲ndvi的nc數據為例,查看nc文件包含的變量
Out[3]:OrderedDict([(u'lon', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
float64 lon(lon)
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (4320,)
filling on, default _FillValue of 9.96920996839e+36 used),
(u'lat', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
float64 lat(lat)
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (2160,)
filling on, default _FillValue of 9.96920996839e+36 used),
(u'time', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
float64 time(time)
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (12,)
filling on, default _FillValue of 9.96920996839e+36 used),
(u'satellites', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 satellites(time)
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (12,)
filling on, default _FillValue of -32767 used),
(u'ndvi', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 ndvi(time, lat, lon)
units: 1
scale: x 10000
missing_value: -5000.0
valid_range: [-0.3 1. ]
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (12, 2160, 4320)
filling on, default _FillValue of -32767 used),
(u'percentile', <type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 percentile(time, lat, lon)
units: %
scale: x 10
flags: flag 0: from data flag 1: spline interpolation flag 2: possible snow/cloud cover
valid_range: flag*2000 + [0 1000]
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (12, 2160, 4320)
filling on, default _FillValue of -32767 used)])
In[4]:ndvi = nc_data.variables['ndvi'] #單獨查看nc文件中存儲的變量信息
ndvi
Out[4]:<type 'netCDF4._netCDF4.Variable'>
int16 ndvi(time, lat, lon)
units: 1
scale: x 10000
missing_value: -5000.0
valid_range: [-0.3 1. ]
unlimited dimensions:
current shape = (12, 2160, 4320)
filling on, default _FillValue of -32767 used
3.代碼——利用Python將NetCDF文件轉存為Tiff文件
此代碼是自己在處理NDVI數據時所寫的腳本,目的是將每一期NDVI的NC格式數據提取並另存為12期的TIFF數據,便於后期分析處理。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 模塊導入
import numpy as np
import netCDF4 as nc
from osgeo import gdal,osr,ogr
import os
import glob
# 單個nc數據ndvi數據讀取為多個tif文件,並將ndvi值化為-1-1之間
def NC_to_tiffs(data,Output_folder):
nc_data_obj = nc.Dataset(data)
Lon = nc_data_obj.variables['lon'][:]
Lat = nc_data_obj.variables['lat'][:]
ndvi_arr = np.asarray(nc_data_obj.variables['ndvi']) #將ndvi數據讀取為數組
ndvi_arr_float = ndvi_arr.astype(float)/10000 #將int類型改為float類型,並化為-1 - 1之間
#影像的左上角和右下角坐標
LonMin,LatMax,LonMax,LatMin = [Lon.min(),Lat.max(),Lon.max(),Lat.min()]
#分辨率計算
N_Lat = len(Lat)
N_Lon = len(Lon)
Lon_Res = (LonMax - LonMin) /(float(N_Lon)-1)
Lat_Res = (LatMax - LatMin) / (float(N_Lat)-1)
for i in range(len(ndvi_arr[:])):
#創建.tif文件
driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff')
out_tif_name = Output_folder + '\\'+ data.split('\\')[-1].split('.')[0] + '_' + str(i+1) + '.tif'
out_tif = driver.Create(out_tif_name,N_Lon,N_Lat,1,gdal.GDT_Float32)
# 設置影像的顯示范圍
#-Lat_Res一定要是-的
geotransform = (LonMin,Lon_Res, 0, LatMax, 0, -Lat_Res)
out_tif.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
#獲取地理坐標系統信息,用於選取需要的地理坐標系統
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromEPSG(4326) # 定義輸出的坐標系為"WGS 84",AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]
out_tif.SetProjection(srs.ExportToWkt()) # 給新建圖層賦予投影信息
#數據寫出
out_tif.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(ndvi_arr_float[i]) # 將數據寫入內存,此時沒有寫入硬盤
out_tif.FlushCache() # 將數據寫入硬盤
out_tif = None # 注意必須關閉tif文件
def main():
Input_folder = 'F:\\data___python_test\\nc_to_tif\\nc'
Output_folder = 'F:\\data___python_test\\nc_to_tif\\tif_result'
# 讀取所有nc數據
data_list = glob.glob(Input_folder + '\\*.nc4')
for i in range(len(data_list)):
data = data_list[i]
NC_to_tiffs(data,Output_folder)
print data + '-----轉tif成功'
print'----轉換結束----'
main()
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