關於HashMap遍歷，為什么要用entry

 Map.entrySet() 這個方法返回的是一個Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>，Map.Entry 是Map中的一個接口，他的用途是表示一個映射項（里面有Key和Value），而Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>表示一個映射項的Set。Map.Entry里有相應的getKey和getValue方法，即JavaBean，讓我們能夠從一個項中取出Key和Value。

下面是遍歷Map的四種方法:

public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 
  Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
  map.put("1", "value1");
  map.put("2", "value2");
  map.put("3", "value3");
  
  //第一種：普遍使用，二次取值
  System.out.println("通過Map.keySet遍歷key和value：");
  for (String key : map.keySet()) {
   System.out.println("key= "+ key + " and value= " + map.get(key));
  }
  
  //第二種
  System.out.println("通過Map.entrySet使用iterator遍歷key和value：");
  Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
  while (it.hasNext()) {
   Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
   System.out.println("key= " + entry.getKey() + " and value= " + entry.getValue());
  }
  
  //第三種：推薦，尤其是容量大時
  System.out.println("通過Map.entrySet遍歷key和value");
  for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
   System.out.println("key= " + entry.getKey() + " and value= " + entry.getValue());
  }
 
  //第四種
  System.out.println("通過Map.values()遍歷所有的value，但不能遍歷key");
  for (String v : map.values()) {
   System.out.println("value= " + v);
  }
 }

 

下面是HashMap的源代碼：

首先HashMap的底層實現用的時候一個Entry數組

java] view plain copy
<pre name="code" class="java">  /** 
     * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two. 
     */  
    transient Entry[] table; //聲明了一個數組  
   ........  
   public HashMap() {  
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;  
        threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);  
        table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];//初始化數組的大小為DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY(這里是16)  
        init();  
    }</pre><br>  

再來看一下Entry是在什么地方定義的，繼續上源碼,我們在HashMap的源碼的674行發現了它的定義，原來他是HashMap的一個內部類，並且實現了Map.Entry接口，

static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {  
    final K key;  
    V value;  
    Entry<K,V> next;  
    final int hash;  
  
    /** 
     * Creates new entry. 
     */  
    Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {  
        value = v;  
        next = n;  
        key = k;  
        hash = h;  
    }  
  
    public final K getKey() {  
        return key;  
    }  
  
    public final V getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public final V setValue(V newValue) {  
 V oldValue = value;  
        value = newValue;  
        return oldValue;  
    }  
  
    public final boolean equals(Object o) {  
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))  
            return false;  
        Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;  
        Object k1 = getKey();  
        Object k2 = e.getKey();  
        if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {  
            Object v1 = getValue();  
            Object v2 = e.getValue();  
            if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))  
                return true;  
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
  
    public final int hashCode() {  
        return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^  
               (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());  
    }  
  
    public final String toString() {  
        return getKey() + "=" + getValue();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is 
     * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already 
     * in the HashMap. 
     */  
    void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * This method is invoked whenever the entry is 
     * removed from the table. 
     */  
    void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {  
    }  
}  

　　既然這樣那我們再看一下Map.Entry這個接口是怎么定義的，原來他是Map的一個內部接口並且定義了一些方法

  interface Entry<K,V> {  
    /** 
 * Returns the key corresponding to this entry. 
 * 
 * @return the key corresponding to this entry 
        * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not 
        *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been 
        *         removed from the backing map. 
 */  
K getKey();  
  
    /** 
 * Returns the value corresponding to this entry.  If the mapping 
 * has been removed from the backing map (by the iterator's 
 * <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of this call are undefined. 
 * 
 * @return the value corresponding to this entry 
        * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not 
        *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been 
        *         removed from the backing map. 
 */  
V getValue();  
  
    /** 
 * Replaces the value corresponding to this entry with the specified 
 * value (optional operation).  (Writes through to the map.)  The 
 * behavior of this call is undefined if the mapping has already been 
 * removed from the map (by the iterator's <tt>remove</tt> operation). 
 * 
        * @param value new value to be stored in this entry 
        * @return old value corresponding to the entry 
        * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>put</tt> operation 
        *         is not supported by the backing map 
        * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified value 
        *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map 
        * @throws NullPointerException if the backing map does not permit 
        *         null values, and the specified value is null 
        * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this value 
        *         prevents it from being stored in the backing map 
        * @throws IllegalStateException implementations may, but are not 
        *         required to, throw this exception if the entry has been 
        *         removed from the backing map. 
        */  
V setValue(V value);  
  
/** 
 * Compares the specified object with this entry for equality. 
 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if the given object is also a map entry and 
 * the two entries represent the same mapping.  More formally, two 
 * entries <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt> represent the same mapping 
 * if<pre> 
        *     (e1.getKey()==null ? 
        *      e2.getKey()==null : e1.getKey().equals(e2.getKey()))  && 
        *     (e1.getValue()==null ? 
        *      e2.getValue()==null : e1.getValue().equals(e2.getValue())) 
        * </pre> 
 * This ensures that the <tt>equals</tt> method works properly across 
 * different implementations of the <tt>Map.Entry</tt> interface. 
 * 
 * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map entry 
 * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this map 
 *         entry 
        */  
boolean equals(Object o);  
  
/** 
 * Returns the hash code value for this map entry.  The hash code 
 * of a map entry <tt>e</tt> is defined to be: <pre> 
 *     (e.getKey()==null   ? 0 : e.getKey().hashCode()) ^ 
 *     (e.getValue()==null ? 0 : e.getValue().hashCode()) 
        * </pre> 
 * This ensures that <tt>e1.equals(e2)</tt> implies that 
 * <tt>e1.hashCode()==e2.hashCode()</tt> for any two Entries 
 * <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt>, as required by the general 
 * contract of <tt>Object.hashCode</tt>. 
 * 
 * @return the hash code value for this map entry 
 * @see Object#hashCode() 
 * @see Object#equals(Object) 
 * @see #equals(Object) 
 */  
int hashCode();  
   }  

　　回歸前傳，為什么HashMap為什么要選擇Entry數組來存放key-value？

　　因為Entry實現的Map.Entry接口里面定義了getKey(),getValue()，setKey(),setValue()等方法相當於一個javaBean，對鍵值對進行了一個封裝便於后面的操作，從這里我們其實也可以聯想到不光是HashMap，譬如LinkedHashMap,TreeMap 等繼承自map的容器存儲key-value對都應該使用的是Entry只不過組織Entry的形式不一樣，HashMap用的是數組加鏈表的形式，LinkedHashMap用的是鏈表的形式，TreeMap應該使用的二叉樹的形式。

　　keySet()方法返回值是Map中key值的集合；entrySet()的返回值也是返回一個Set集合，此集合的類型為Map.Entry。

　　所以，遍歷HashMap一共有開頭的四種方法，也不難理解為什么有了keySet()，values()，iterator()還要再使用Entry。

 

Over...

 

參考：

1. https://blog.csdn.net/yaomingyang/article/details/78748130
2. https://blog.csdn.net/kyi_zhu123/article/details/52769469