ansible模塊command、shell、raw、script

簡介

環境：

ansible端：    

    ip：192.168.100.129

    hostname：node1.lansgg.com

client端：

      ip：192.168.100.131

      hostname：v2.lansgg.com 

      ip：192.168.100.132

      hostname：v3.lansgg.com

[root@node1 ansible]# pwd
/etc/ansible
[root@node1 ansible]# cat hosts
[testservers]
192.168.100.131
192.168.100.132
[root@node1 ansible]#

 

1、命令格式

SYNOPSIS
       ansible <host-pattern> [-f forks] [-m module_name] [-a args]

 

模塊命令詳細信息查詢

ansible-doc moduleName

 

如：

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-doc command
less 436
Copyright (C) 1984-2009 Mark Nudelman

less comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
For information about the terms of redistribution,
see the file named README in the less distribution.
Homepage: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less
> COMMAND

  The [command] module takes the command name followed by a list of
  space-delimited arguments. The given command will be executed on all
  selected nodes. It will not be processed through the shell, so
  variables like `$HOME' and operations like `"<"', `">"', `"|"', and
  `"&"' will not work (use the [shell] module if you need these
  features).

Options (= is mandatory):

- chdir
        cd into this directory before running the command [Default:
        None]

- creates
        a filename, when it already exists, this step will *not* be
        run. [Default: None]

- executable
        change the shell used to execute the command. Should be an
        absolute path to the executable. [Default: None]

= free_form
        the command module takes a free form command to run.  There is
        no parameter actually named 'free form'. See the examples!
        [Default: None]

- removes
        a filename, when it does not exist, this step will *not* be
        run. [Default: None]

- warn
        if command warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about
        this particular line if set to no/false. [Default: True]

Notes:  If you want to run a command through the shell (say you are using
        `<', `>', `|', etc), you actually want the [shell] module
        instead. The [command] module is much more secure as it's not
        affected by the user's environment.  `creates', `removes', and
        `chdir' can be specified after the command. For instance, if
        you only want to run a command if a certain file does not
        exist, use this.

EXAMPLES:
# Example from Ansible Playbooks.
- command: /sbin/shutdown -t now

# Run the command if the specified file does not exist.
- command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2 creates=/path/to/database

# You can also use the 'args' form to provide the options. This command
# will change the working directory to somedir/ and will only run when
# /path/to/database doesn't exist.
- command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2
  args:
    chdir: somedir/
    creates: /path/to/database

 

解釋：command為模塊名， chdir、create 等此模塊特有的參數

2、ansible模塊之command

此模塊為ansible默認執行的模塊，也是常用模塊之一

示例： 查看遠程主機的passwd最后兩行

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'tail -2 /etc/passwd'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

 

使用參數，修改當然工作目錄

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'pwd'
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
/root

192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
/root

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'chdir=/tmp/ pwd'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
/tmp

192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
/tmp

 

 

區別和使用場景

command模塊 [執行遠程命令]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'uname -n'

 

script模塊 [在遠程主機執行主控端的shell/python腳本 ]  （使用相對路徑）

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m script -a '/etc/ansible/test.sh

 

shell模塊 [執行遠程主機的shell/python腳本]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'bash /root/test.sh'

 

raw模塊 [類似於command模塊、支持管道傳遞]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m raw -a "ifconfig eth0 |sed -n 2p |awk '{print \$2}' |awk -F: '{print \$2}'"