一、Gitlab安裝
1. 基於yum方式安裝Gitlab
安裝步驟如下
（1）配置yum源
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo
（2）復制如下內容並保存（注意baseurl的配置是centos7的地址，安裝版本一定要正確）
[gitlab-ce]
name=gitlab-ce
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
Repo_gpgcheck=0
Enabled=1
Gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gpg.key
（3）更新本地yum緩存
# sudo yum makecache
（4）yum安裝gitlab，此處安裝版本是11.8.0
# sudo yum install gitlab-ce #自動安裝最新版
安裝遇到以上錯誤提示，需要增加一個nogpgcheck參數：
# sudo yum install gitlab-ce --nogpgcheck #自動安裝最新版
也可以安裝指定的版本（遷移數據需要原庫版本一致）
# sudo yum install gitlab-ce-11.8.0 --nogpgcheck #安裝指定版本
- 基於rpm進行安裝Gitlab
（1）安裝依賴包、下載安裝gitlab rpm包
# yum install curl openssh-server postfix cronie
# yum -y install policycoreutils-python #必須安裝該依賴包
（2）下載安裝包
# wget --content-disposition https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/el/7/gitlab-ce-10.8.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm/download.rpm
# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-10.8.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
（3）對GitLab進行編譯
# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
二、Gitlab 配置
修改配置文件：
# mkdir -pv /oadata/git-data
# mkdir /oadata/gitlab/backup
# chown -R git.git /oadata/gitlab # 備份目錄
# chown -R git.git /oadata/git-data # Git數據保存目錄
# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://***'
gitlab_rails['time_zone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = '***'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = '***'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_reply_to'] = '***'
gitlab_rails['ldap_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['ldap_servers'] = YAML.load <<-'EOS'
main: # 'main' is the GitLab 'provider ID' of this LDAP server
label: '***'
host: '***'
port: 389
uid: 'uid'
bind_dn: 'cn=root,***'
password: '***'
encryption: 'plain' # "start_tls" or "simple_tls" or "plain"
verify_certificates: false
active_directory: true
allow_username_or_email_login: true
lowercase_usernames: true
block_auto_created_users: false
base: 'ou=users,***'
user_filter: '(memberOf=cn=gitlab,ou=groups,***)'
EOS
gitlab_rails['manage_backup_path'] = true
gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = "/oadata/gitlab/backups"
gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 129600
git_data_dirs({
"default" => {
"path" => "/oadata/git-data"
}
})
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "***"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "***"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "***"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "***"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = false
再次進行編譯更新配置
# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
常用相關命令：
# gitlab-ctl stop # 關閉服務
# gitlab-ctl start # 開啟服務
# gitlab-ctl restart # 重啟服務
# gitlab-ctl status # 查看服務狀態
# gitlab-ctl tail # 查看日志
# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create # 創建備份
# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=備份文件編號 # 恢復備份
# cat /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/VERSION # 查看版本信息
三、Gitlab漢化
（1）下載對應版本的漢化包
# wget https://gitlab.com/xhang/gitlab/-/archive/v11.8.0-zh/gitlab-v11.8.0-zh.tar
（2）更新語言包文件
# gitlab-ctl stop
# tar xvf gitlab-v11.8.0-zh.tar
# \cp -rf gitlab-v11.8.0-zh/* /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/
# chown -R
# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
# gitlab-ctl restart
四、Gitlab 備份與恢復
（1）備份腳本
# vim /oadata/gitlab/backup/sh/gitlab_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
now=`date +%Y%m%d`
echo "開始執行gitlab備份..."
/opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
echo "備份完成."
echo "清理超過10天的備份數據..."
/usr/bin/find /oadata/gitlab/backups/*gitlab_backup.tar -mtime +10 -exec rm -f {} \;
echo "清理完成."
echo "開始備份配置文件: gitlab.rb , gitlab-secrets.json"
tar -cvf /oadata/gitlab/backups/config/${now}_gitlab_config_backup.tar /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
echo "清理超過30天的配置備份數據..."
/usr/bin/find /oadata/gitlab/backups/config/*gitlab_config_backup.tar -mtime +30 -exec rm -f {} \;
echo "清理完成."
# chmod 755 /oadata/gitlab/backup/sh/gitlab_backup.sh
（2）備注定時備份
- 每天2點50進行備份
50 02 * * * /oadata/gitlab/sh/gitlab_backup.sh
（3）Gitlab恢復
- 恢復前，首先停止相關數據連接服務
# gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
# gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=備份文件編號
更換機器后進行恢復，還需要手工恢復文件: /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb /etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json
五、Gitlab升級
- 在升級前一定要做好備份，記錄自己當前gitlab-ca的版本號。
# cat /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/VERSION
# gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
- 升級Gitlab（注意：由於升級不能跨越大版本號，因此只能升級到當前大版本號到最高版本，方可升級到下一個大版本號）
關閉連接服務
# gitlab-ctl stop unicorn
# gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
以下為將Gitlab 11.8.0 升級為 12.0.3. 依次執行下面指令逐步升級命令，在每一步安裝成功后如果發現界面500，不可訪問，那么執行 gitlab-ctl reconfigure 指令刷新配置文件。（一定保證數據可以正常訪問方可執行下一步升級指令）。
通過yum升級
# yum install gitlab-ce-11.11.5-ce.0.el7
測試各功能驗證無問題后，再次進行升級操作：
# yum install gitlab-ce-12.0.3-ce.0.el7
或通過rpm升級
# rpm -Uvh gitlab-ce-11.11.5-ce.0.el7.rpm
測試各功能驗證無問題后，再次進行升級操作：
rpm -Uvh gitlab-ce-11.11.5-ce.0.el7.rpm
六、訪問Gitlab postgresql
1. 通過控制台訪問數據庫
[root@localhost ~]# su - gitlab-psql //登陸用戶
-sh-4.1$ psql -h /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql -d gitlabhq_production 連接到gitlabhq_production庫
psql (9.2.18)
Type "help" for help.
gitlabhq_production=# \h 查看幫助命令
Available help:
ABORT CREATE FUNCTION DROP TABLE
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE GROUP DROP TABLESPACE
ALTER COLLATION CREATE INDEX DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER CONVERSION CREATE LANGUAGE DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER DATABASE CREATE OPERATOR DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
ALTER DOMAIN CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY DROP TRIGGER
ALTER EXTENSION CREATE ROLE DROP TYPE
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
gitlabhq_production-# \l //查看數據庫
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
---------------------+-------------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------
gitlabhq_production | gitlab | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
postgres | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
template1 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
(4 rows)
gitlabhq_production-# \dt //查看多表
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+--------------------------------------+-------+--------
public | abuse_reports | table | gitlab
public | appearances | table | gitlab
public | application_settings | table | gitlab
public | audit_events | table | gitlab
public | award_emoji | table | gitlab
public | boards | table | gitlab
public | broadcast_messages | table | gitlab
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
gitlabhq_production-# \d abuse_reports //查看單表
Table "public.abuse_reports"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('abuse_reports_id_seq'::regclass)
reporter_id | integer |
user_id | integer |
message | text |
created_at | timestamp without time zone |
updated_at | timestamp without time zone |
message_html | text |
Indexes:
"abuse_reports_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
gitlabhq_production-# \di //查看索引
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table
--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------
------
public | abuse_reports_pkey | index | gitlab | abuse_reports
public | appearances_pkey | index | gitlab | appearances
public | application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | application_settings
public | audit_events_pkey | index | gitlab | audit_events
public | award_emoji_pkey | index | gitlab | award_emoji
public | boards_pkey | index | gitlab | boards
public | broadcast_messages_pkey | index | gitlab | broadcast_messages
public | chat_names_pkey | index | gitlab | chat_names
public | ci_application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_application_settings
public | ci_builds_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_builds
public | ci_commits_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_commits
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
gitlabhq_production=# SELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace; //查看所有表空間
spcname
------------
pg_default
pg_global
(2 rows)
gitlabhq_production-# \q //退出psql
-sh-4.1$ exit //退出登錄用戶
logout
2. 開啟臨時遠程無密碼訪問postgresql
（1）修改gitlab.rb
# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
配置為：
postgresql['enable'] = true
postgresql['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0'
postgresql['port'] = 5432
postgresql['data_dir'] = "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data"
...
...
postgresql['custom_pg_hba_entries'] = {
APPLICATION:[ { # APPLICATION should identify what the settings are used for
type: "host",
database: "all",
user: "all",
cidr: "0.0.0.0/0",
method: "trust"
}
]
}
# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
等待報錯。沒辦法，上述修改，必然引發報錯。
（2）修改pg_hba.conf
vim /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf
修改為：
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
注意：從此，不能再執行gitlab-ctl reconfigure 命令了，因為如果再執行gitlab-ctl reconfigure ，那么pg_hba.conf的修改就會被還原。
# gitlab-ctl restart
七、常見問題及解決參考
- 連接gitlab postgresql
- 最全官方文檔 # 可以解決大多數你遇到的問題
- 數據恢復時遇到的一個問題