【selenium】基於python語言，如何用select選擇下拉框

在項目測試中遇到了下拉框選擇的控件，來總結下如何使用select選擇下拉框：

  下圖是Select類的初始化描述，意思是，給定元素是得是select類型，不是就拋異常。接下來給了例子：要操作這個select，先要定位到，然后再通過select_by_index 選擇下拉框

def __init__(self, webelement):
 """
 Constructor. A check is made that the given element is, indeed, a SELECT tag. If it is not,
 then an UnexpectedTagNameException is thrown.

 :Args:
 - webelement - element SELECT element to wrap

 Example:
 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select \n
 Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")).select_by_index(2)
 """
 if webelement.tag_name.lower() != "select":
 raise UnexpectedTagNameException(
 "Select only works on <select> elements, not on <%s>" %
 webelement.tag_name)
 self._el = webelement
 multi = self._el.get_attribute("multiple")
 self.is_multiple = multi and multi != "false"

1、select_by_value:

看下代碼：

    def select_by_value(self, value):
        """Select all options that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given "foo" this
           would select an option like:

           <option value="foo">Bar</option>

           :Args:
            - value - The value to match against

           throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied value in SELECT
           """
        css = "option[value =%s]" % self._escapeString(value)
        opts = self._el.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, css)
        matched = False
        for opt in opts:
            self._setSelected(opt)
            if not self.is_multiple:
                return
            matched = True
        if not matched:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Cannot locate option with value: %s" % value)

 就是說使用這個方法，下拉框屬性需要有value，如果選項中不具有指定值的項，就拋異常。例如：

2、select_by_index
看下代碼：

    def select_by_index(self, index):
        """Select the option at the given index. This is done by examing the "index" attribute of an
           element, and not merely by counting.

           :Args:
            - index - The option at this index will be selected

           throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied index in SELECT
           """
        match = str(index)
        for opt in self.options:
            if opt.get_attribute("index") == match:
                self._setSelected(opt)
                return
        raise NoSuchElementException("Could not locate element with index %d" % index)

 

 這個是通過元素的“index”屬性來完成

3、select_by_visible_text

看下代碼：

    def select_by_visible_text(self, text):
        """Select all options that display text matching the argument. That is, when given "Bar" this
           would select an option like:

            <option value="foo">Bar</option>

           :Args:
            - text - The visible text to match against

            throws NoSuchElementException If there is no option with specisied text in SELECT
           """
        xpath = ".//option[normalize-space(.) = %s]" % self._escapeString(text)
        opts = self._el.find_elements(By.XPATH, xpath)
        matched = False
        for opt in opts:
            self._setSelected(opt)
            if not self.is_multiple:
                return
            matched = True

        if len(opts) == 0 and " " in text:
            subStringWithoutSpace = self._get_longest_token(text)
            if subStringWithoutSpace == "":
                candidates = self.options
            else:
                xpath = ".//option[contains(.,%s)]" % self._escapeString(subStringWithoutSpace)
                candidates = self._el.find_elements(By.XPATH, xpath)
            for candidate in candidates:
                if text == candidate.text:
                    self._setSelected(candidate)
                    if not self.is_multiple:
                        return
                    matched = True

        if not matched:
            raise NoSuchElementException("Could not locate element with visible text: %s" % text)

 

 通過選擇文本來匹配，然后給出了例子。看下我的例子：

 我的代碼：

 

   stafftype_loc = (By.XPATH, "//select[@ng-model='Invite.type']")
       
     find_element(*self.stafftype_loc).send_keys(stftype)