Minikube安裝成功Kubernetes,一次過！

介紹

Minikube 是 K8S 官方為了開發者能在個人電腦上運行 K8S 而提供的一套工具。實現上是通過 Go 語言編寫，通過調用虛擬化管理程序，創建出一個運行在虛擬機內的單節點集群。

注：從這里也可以看出，對於 K8S 集群的基本功能而言，節點數並沒有什么限制。只有一個節點同樣可以創建集群。

大家在實際開發和體驗 Kubernetes時，可能會遇到網絡訪問的原因或者其他的坑導致很多朋友無法使用minikube進行實驗。因此我通過撰寫這篇博客，讓大家少走一點彎路。阿里雲提供了一個修改版的Minikube,可以從阿里雲的鏡像地址來獲取Docker鏡像和配置。

坑位盤點

1. unable to cache ISO: connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.

   終端報錯信息:

   minikube start
   
   o   minikube v0.35.0 on windows (amd64)
   >   Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
   @   Downloading Minikube ISO ...
   !   Unable to start VM: unable to cache ISO: https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: failed to download: failed to download to temp file: download failed: 5 error(s) occurred
   :
   
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   * Temporary download error: Get https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/iso/minikube-v0.35.0.iso: dial tcp 216.58.207.144:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did no
   t properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
   

   報錯原因: 由於無法從外網下載Minikube ISO出現如上報錯。

   解決辦法: 修改鏡像地址為國內資源，解決網絡錯誤。

2. Minikube doesn't run on VirtualBox

   終端報錯信息:

   minikube start
   
   😄 minikube v1.0.1 on linux (amd64) 🤹 Downloading Kubernetes v1.14.1 images in the background ... 🔥 Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
   
   💣 Unable to start VM: create: creating: Unable to start the VM: /usr/bin/VBoxManage startvm minikube --type headless failed: VBoxManage: error: The virtual machine 'minikube' has terminated unexpectedly during startup with exit code 1 (0x1) VBoxManage: error: Details: code NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005), component MachineWrap, interface IMachine
   
   😿 Sorry that minikube crashed. If this was unexpected, we would love to hear from you: 👉 https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/new
   

   報錯原因: VT-x/AMD-v虛擬化在所有CPU中被禁用。

   解決方法: VT-x/AMD-v虛擬化必須在BIOS中開啟。

   參考文檔: https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fc07f98976710e12ffe519de.html

3. [MACHINE_DOES_NOT_EXST] Error getting state for host: machine does not exist

   終端報錯信息

   [sudo] james 的密碼： 
   😄  minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
   ⚠️  Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary.
   ✅  using image repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
   💡  Tip: Use 'minikube start -p <name>' to create a new cluster, or 'minikube delete' to delete this one.
   E0722 14:57:51.637843    5215 start.go:559] StartHost: Error getting state for host: machine does not exist
   
   💣  Unable to start VM
   ❌  Error:         [MACHINE_DOES_NOT_EXST] Error getting state for host: machine does not exist
   💡  Advice:        Run 'minikube delete' to delete the stale VM
   ⁉️   Related issues:
       ▪ https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3864
   
   😿  If the above advice does not help, please let us know: 
   👉  https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/new
   
   

   報錯原因: 已經被使用過VM

   解決辦法: minikute delete

注：

• 本文已更新到 Minikube v1.2.0/Kubernetes v1.15+

• 如需更新minikube，需要更新 minikube 安裝包

  • minikube delete 刪除現有虛機，刪除 ~/.minikube 目錄緩存的文件
  • 重新創建 minikube 環境

• Docker社區版也為Mac/Windows用戶提供了Kubernetes開發環境的支持 https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/508460，大家也可以試用

配置

先決條件

• 安裝 kubectl

Minikube在不同操作系統上支持不同的驅動

• macOS
  • xhyve driver, VirtualBox 或 VMware Fusion
• Linux
  • VirtualBox 或 KVM
  • NOTE: Minikube 也支持 --vm-driver=none 選項來在本機運行 Kubernetes 組件，這時候需要本機安裝了 Docker。在使用 0.27版本之前的 none 驅動時，在執行 minikube delete 命令時，會移除 /data 目錄，請注意，問題說明；另外 none 驅動會運行一個不安全的API Server，會導致安全隱患，不建議在個人工作環境安裝。
• Windows
  • VirtualBox 或 Hyper-V - 請參考下文

注：

• 由於minikube復用了docker-machine，在其軟件包中已經支持了相應的VirtualBox, VMware Fusion驅動
• VT-x/AMD-v 虛擬化必須在 BIOS 中開啟
• 在Windows環境下，如果開啟了Hyper-V，不支持VirtualBox方式

Kubernetes 1.14+ release

我們提供了最新的Minikube修改版的文件，可以直接下載使用

Mac OSX

curl -Lo minikube http://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.2.0/minikube-darwin-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

Linux

curl -Lo minikube http://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.2.0/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

Windows

下載 minikube-windows-amd64.exe 文件，並重命名為 minikube.exe

自己構建

也可以從Github上獲取相應的項目自行構建。

注：需要本地已經安裝配置好 Golang 開發環境和Docker引擎

git clone https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube
cd minikube
git checkout aliyun-v1.2.0
make
sudo cp out/minikube /usr/local/bin/

啟動

缺省Minikube使用VirtualBox驅動來創建Kubernetes本地環境

minikube start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com

😄  minikube v1.2.0 on linux (amd64)
⚠️  Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary.
✅  using image repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
🔥  Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2048MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
🐳  Configuring environment for Kubernetes v1.15.0 on Docker 18.09.6
🚜  Pulling images ...
🚀  Launching Kubernetes ... 
⌛  Verifying: apiserver proxy etcd scheduler controller dns
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"

支持不同的Kubernetes版本

# 安裝Kubernetes v1.12.1
minikube start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --kubernetes-version v1.12.1

打開Kubernetes控制台

minikube dashboard

對於使用Hyper-V環境的用戶，首先應該打開Hyper-V管理器創建一個外部虛擬交換機，

之后，我們可以用如下命令來創建基於Hyper-V的Kubernetes測試環境

.\minikube.exe start --registry-mirror=https://registry.docker-cn.com --vm-driver="hyperv" --memory=4096 --hyperv-virtual-switch="MinikubeSwitch"

注：需要管理員權限來創建Hyper-V虛擬機

Minikube基本操作

檢測集群狀態，運行:

 kubectl cluster-info
 
 Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Ubuntu下，Minikube的配置文件在如下路徑

~/.minikube/machines/minikube/config.json

查看配置文件內容:

kubectl config view

apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /home/james/.minikube/ca.crt
    server: https://192.168.99.100:8443
  name: minikube
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: minikube
    user: minikube
  name: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikube
  user:
    client-certificate: /home/james/.minikube/client.crt
    client-key: /home/james/.minikube/client.key

檢驗Node狀態:

kubectl get nodes

NAME       STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
minikube   Ready    master   11m   v1.15.0

使用ssh進入Minikube虛機:

sudo minikube ssh

                         _             _            
            _         _ ( )           ( )           
  ___ ___  (_)  ___  (_)| |/')  _   _ | |_      __  
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , <  ( ) ( )| '_`\  /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )(  ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)

$ 

停止運行中的kubernetes集群:

$ minikube stop

刪除本地的kubernetes集群:

$ minikube delete

打開Kubernetes控制台

Kubernete附帶一個web，允許您在不與命令行交互的情況下管理集群。在minikube上默認安裝並啟用儀表板插件

$ minikube addons list

- addon-manager: enabled
- coredns: disabled
- dashboard: enabled
- default-storageclass: enabled
- efk: disabled
- freshpod: disabled
- heapster: disabled
- ingress: disabled
- kube-dns: enabled
- metrics-server: disabled
- registry: disabled
- registry-creds: disabled
- storage-provisioner: enabled

要直接在默認瀏覽器上打開，請使用:

$ minikube dashboard

獲取儀表板的URL

$ minikube dashboard --url
http://192.168.39.117:30000

通過打開您最喜歡的瀏覽器上的URL訪問Kubernetes Dashboard。進一步閱讀，請查看:

• 你好Minikube系列: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/hello-minikube/

• minkube新手指南: https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/minikube/

使用Minikube

Minikube利用本地虛擬機環境部署Kubernetes，其基本架構如下圖所示。

用戶使用Minikube CLI管理虛擬機上的Kubernetes環境，比如：啟動，停止，刪除，獲取狀態等。一旦Minikube虛擬機啟動，用戶就可以使用熟悉的Kubectl CLI在Kubernetes集群上執行操作。

好了，開始探索Kubernetes的世界吧！😃

參考連接:

• https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-minikube-on-ubuntu-18-04/
• https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
• https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3922
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55988282/minikube-doesnt-run-on-virtualbox
• https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/minikube/releases
• https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/221687
• https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fc07f98976710e12ffe519de.html
• https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors
• https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/3864