在Ubuntu下安裝Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安裝最新版本的就必須下載源碼包編譯安裝。
一、基於APT源安裝
sudo apt-get install nginx
安裝好的文件位置：
/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序 /etc/nginx：存放配置文件 /usr/share/nginx：存放靜態文件 /var/log/nginx：存放日志
其實從上面的根目錄文件夾可以知道，Linux系統的配置文件一般放在 /etc ，日志一般放在 /var/log ，運行的程序一般放在 /usr/sbin 或者 /usr/bin 。
當然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置項放在什么地方，可以打開 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
我猜測，Nginx如果指定默認加載 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 的配置文件。如果要查看加載的是哪個配置文件，可以用這個命令 sudo nginx -t 或者 ps -ef | grep nginx 。
然后通過這種方式安裝的，會自動創建服務，會自動在 /etc/init.d/nginx 新建服務腳本，然后就可以使用 sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade} 的命令啟動。
腳本如下：
#!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: nginx # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server # Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon ### END INIT INFO PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx NAME=nginx DESC=nginx # Include nginx defaults if available if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then . /etc/default/nginx fi STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}" test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 . /lib/init/vars.sh . /lib/lsb/init-functions # Try to extract nginx pidfile PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1) if [ -z "$PID" ]; then PID=/run/nginx.pid fi if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx ulimit $ULIMIT fi start_nginx() { # Start the daemon/service # # Returns: # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \ || return 2 } test_config() { # Test the nginx configuration $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1 } stop_nginx() { # Stops the daemon/service # # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" sleep 1 return "$RETVAL" } reload_nginx() { # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME return 0 } rotate_logs() { # Rotate log files start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME return 0 } upgrade_nginx() { # Online upgrade nginx executable # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html # # Return # 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded # 1 if nginx is not running # 2 if the pid files were not created on time # 3 if the old master could not be killed if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do cnt=`expr $cnt + 1` if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then return 2 fi sleep 1 done # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then return 0 else return 3 fi else return 1 fi } case "$1" in start) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" start_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" stop_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; restart) log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" # Check configuration before stopping nginx if ! test_config; then log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error exit $? fi stop_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) start_nginx case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; reload|force-reload) log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME" # Check configuration before stopping nginx # # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common. # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error # to the administrator. if ! test_config; then log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error exit $? fi reload_nginx log_end_msg $? ;; configtest|testconfig) log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration" test_config log_end_msg $? ;; status) status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $? ;; upgrade) log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME" upgrade_nginx log_end_msg $? ;; rotate) log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME" rotate_logs log_end_msg $? ;; *) echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac
還有一個好處，創建好的文件由於放在/usr/sbin目錄下，所以能直接在終端中使用nginx命令而無需指定路徑。
二、通過源碼包編譯安裝
這種方式可以自定安裝指定的模塊以及最新的版本。方式更靈活。
官方下載頁面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
configure配置文件詳解：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
安裝gcc g++的依賴庫
Nginx是C語言開發，安裝nginx需要先將官網下載的源碼進行編譯，編譯依賴gcc環境，如果沒有gcc環境
sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install libtool
centos的話：yum install gcc-c++
安裝pcre依賴庫（http://www.pcre.org/）
是一個Perl庫，包括 perl 兼容的正則表達式庫。nginx的http模塊使用pcre來解析正則表達式，所以需要在linux上安裝pcre庫
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
centos的話：yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
安裝zlib依賴庫（http://www.zlib.net）
zlib庫提供了很多種壓縮和解壓縮的方式，nginx使用zlib對http包的內容進行gzip，所以需要在linux上安裝zlib庫
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
centos的話：yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
安裝SSL依賴庫（16.04默認已經安裝了）
OpenSSL 是一個強大的安全套接字層密碼庫，囊括主要的密碼算法、常用的密鑰和證書封裝管理功能及SSL協議，並提供豐富的應用程序供測試或其它目的使用。
nginx不僅支持http協議，還支持https（即在ssl協議上傳輸http），所以需要在linux安裝openssl庫。
sudo apt-get install openssl
centos的話：yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
安裝Nginx
#下載最新版本： wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz #解壓： tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.9.tar.gz #進入解壓目錄： cd nginx-1.13.6 #配置： ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx #編譯： make #安裝： sudo make install #啟動： sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 注意：-c 指定配置文件的路徑，不加的話，nginx會自動加載默認路徑的配置文件，可以通過-h查看幫助命令。 #查看進程： ps -ef | grep nginx
關於configure、make、make install
源碼的安裝一般由有這三個步驟：配置(configure)、編譯(make)、安裝(make install) 其中–prefix選項就是配置安裝的路徑，如果不配置該選項，安裝后可執行文件默認放在/usr /local/bin，庫文件默認放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默認放在/usr/local/etc，其它的資源文件放在/usr /local/share，比較分散。 為了便於集中管理某個軟件的各種文件，可以配置–prefix，如：./configure –prefix=/usr/local 。可以把所有資源文件放在/usr/local的路徑中，就不會分散了。
使用--prefix選項的另一個好處是方便卸載軟件或移植軟件；當某個安裝的軟件不再需要時，只須簡單的刪除該安裝目錄，就可以把軟件卸載得干干凈凈；而移植軟件只需拷貝整個目錄到另外一個機器即可（相同的操作系統下）。
configure
首先檢查機器的一些配置和環境，系統的相關依賴。如果缺少相關依賴，腳本會停止執行，軟件安裝失敗
根據之前檢查環境和依賴的結果，生產Makefile文件（main job）
make
make是Unix系統下的一個包。執行make命令需Makefile文件。make會根據Makefile文件中指令來安裝軟件
Makefile文件中有許多標簽，來表示不同的section。一般的，make會編譯源代碼並生成可執行文件，其實Makefile主要就是描述文件編譯的相互依賴關系
make install
當執行make命令不加任何參數，程序就會按照Makefile的指令在相應的section間跳轉並且執行相應的命令 加上install參數即執行make install時，程序只會執行install section處的命令。install section的指令會將make階段生產的可執行文件拷貝到相應的地方，例如/usr/local/bin make clean 會刪除上次make生產的obj文件以及可執行文件
配置軟鏈接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
現在就可以不用路徑直接輸入nginx啟動。
配置開機啟動服務
在/etc/init.d/下創建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，內容如下：
#!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: nginx # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server # Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon ### END INIT INFO PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx NAME=nginx DESC=nginx # Include nginx defaults if available if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then . /etc/default/nginx fi STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}" test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 . /lib/init/vars.sh . /lib/lsb/init-functions # Try to extract nginx pidfile PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1) if [ -z "$PID" ]; then PID=/run/nginx.pid fi if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx ulimit $ULIMIT fi start_nginx() { # Start the daemon/service # # Returns: # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \ || return 2 } test_config() { # Test the nginx configuration $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1 } stop_nginx() { # Stops the daemon/service # # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" sleep 1 return "$RETVAL" } reload_nginx() { # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME return 0 } rotate_logs() { # Rotate log files start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME return 0 } upgrade_nginx() { # Online upgrade nginx executable # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html # # Return # 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded # 1 if nginx is not running # 2 if the pid files were not created on time # 3 if the old master could not be killed if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do cnt=`expr $cnt + 1` if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then return 2 fi sleep 1 done # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then return 0 else return 3 fi else return 1 fi } case "$1" in start) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" start_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" stop_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; restart) log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" # Check configuration before stopping nginx if ! test_config; then log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error exit $? fi stop_nginx case "$?" in 0|1) start_nginx case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; reload|force-reload) log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME" # Check configuration before stopping nginx # # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common. # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error # to the administrator. if ! test_config; then log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error exit $? fi reload_nginx log_end_msg $? ;; configtest|testconfig) log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration" test_config log_end_msg $? ;; status) status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $? ;; upgrade) log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME" upgrade_nginx log_end_msg $? ;; rotate) log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME" rotate_logs log_end_msg $? ;; *) echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac
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#設置服務腳本有執行權限 sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx #注冊服務
cd /etc/init.d/ sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
現在基本上就可以開機啟動了，常用的命令如下：
sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}