SpringMVC:學習筆記(12)——ThreadLocal實現會話共享
ThreadLocal
ThreadLocal,被稱為線程局部變量。在並發編程的情況下,使用ThreadLocal創建的變量只能被當前線程訪問,其他線程則無法訪問和修改。每個Thread對象內部都維護了一個ThreadLocalMap它可以存放若干個ThreadLocal。如下為Thread源碼部分:
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
* by the ThreadLocal class. */
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
當我們對ThreadLocal執行set方法時,他首先做的是取當前線程的ThreadLocalMap,所以可以保證每個線程可以獨享自己的ThreadLocal對象。如下為ThreadLocal源碼部分:
/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value. Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
* this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
那這樣一來ThreadLocal就具有了一些高級特性:
- 全局性,在當前線程中,任何一個點都可以訪問到ThreadLocal的值。
- 獨立性,該線程的ThreadLocal只能被該線程訪問,一般情況下其他線程訪問不到。
實現會話共享
通用的思路
在SpringMVC中,@Action方法接受了Request對象,我們可以從中取出HttpSession會話數據
public ModelAndView getTest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
String userId = request.getSession().getAttribute("user").toString();
}
但要是我們在一個普通的方法中想訪問到HttpSession對象就會很難了,如果我們在請求到來時用Filter把HttpSession保存到ThreadLocal中,利用ThreadLocal的全局性,不是就可以在普通方法中使用了嗎?當然我們最好將其封裝一個類,來方便以后隨時調用和迭代更新。
HttpContext
我們創建一個HttpContext類,來將Request、Response、Session、Cookies等對象進行封裝,方便以后直接使用。
public class HttpContext {
private HttpServletRequest request;
private HttpServletResponse response;
private final static ThreadLocal<HttpContext> contextContainer = new ThreadLocal<HttpContext>();
/**
* 初始化
*/
public static HttpContext begin(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res) {
HttpContext context = new HttpContext();
context.request = req;
context.response = res;
contextContainer.set(context);
return context;
}
public static HttpContext get(){
return contextContainer.get();
}
/**
* 銷毀
*/
public void end() {
this.request = null;
this.response = null;
contextContainer.remove();
}
public ServletContext getContext() {
return this.request.getServletContext();
}
public HttpSession getSession() {
return this.request.getSession(false);
}
public HttpServletRequest getRequest() {
return this.request;
}
public HttpServletResponse getResponse() {
return this.response;
}
public Map<String, Cookie> getCookies() {
Map<String, Cookie> map = new HashMap<String, Cookie>();
Cookie[] cookies = this.request.getCookies();
if(cookies != null)
for(Cookie ck : cookies) {
map.put(ck.getName(), ck);
}
return map;
}
}
WebFilter
過濾器是實現會話共享的前提,我們在里面只是綁定一下請求對象。
/**
* HttpContext全局過濾器
*/
public class ContextFilter implements Filter{
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse)servletResponse;
HttpContext.begin(req, res);
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
public void destroy() {
HttpContext.get().end();
}
}
使用
現在,我們可以在一個普通的Java方法中,使用會話對象,如果我們做一個簡單的Dispatcher,然后使用Response對象,那么一個后端框架便橫空出世了!
/**
* 獲得當前登錄人員的憑證信息
*/
public static String getId(){
HttpSession session = HttpContext.get().getSession();
Object obj = null;
if (null != session){
obj = session.getAttribute("USERID");
}
if (null == obj) {
return null;
}
return obj.toString();
}