DAX/PowerBI系列 - 關於時間系列 - 如何用腳本生成時間維度 (Generate TIME Dimension)

難度： ★☆☆☆☆（1星）

適用范圍： ★★★★★（5星）

這個時間系列想寫很久了，今天開始走一小步。也是作為后續關於時間計算文章的基礎。    （文末發一個小福利。 ）

 

概況：

前文應該為生成日期維度，本文為時間維度 - 時刻。 :)

 

有好些小伙伴問想按小時分析數據，咋辦？有沒有時間的腳本？ 可以有！

一般來說把時間進行切片進行數據分析，粒度可分為：十年、五年、年、半年、季度、月、上下旬、天、上下午(AM/PM)、時、刻、分、秒,...

這個就是今天的主題：如何用腳本生成時間維度。(How to use script to generate TIME dimension)

 

應用場景：

以下是幾個應用場景：

• 復用時間維度表
• 按照時間段分析用戶行為 -- 精准推送
• 按照時間段分析服務器負載 -- 資源分配、負載平衡

 

 

 

要點：

 按下面步驟操作，具體Ｍ語言是什么，可以忽略。（下面的屬性不夠用再參考Ｍ語言是什么）

 

 1.PowerBI面板>Edit Query進入Qery Editor> New Source > Blank Query>

 

 

2. Advanced Edictor，貼入文末腳本並保存。

 

 

 

 

 

 3. 哇啦，你得到一個時間維度表啦，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

 

 

 

 

什么？你還不會用這個腳本？

先看看前面的文章，還有問題，就問吧。。。

 

什么？我還要生成秒的、不不不，毫秒的。。。

你的數據也太細了吧，你要不研究一下下面的腳本，不懂就問吧。 :)

 

腳本如下：（拿走，不謝）

腳本使用Ｍ語言寫的，如果想修改添加其他的列，參考一下Ｍ語言。　（又一種語言，╮(╯▽╰)╭）\

() => let
  MinuteCount = 1440,
  Source = List.Times(#time(0, 0, 0),MinuteCount, #duration(0,0,1,0)),
  TableFromList = Table.FromList(Source, Splitter.SplitByNothing()),
  ChangedType = Table.TransformColumnTypes(TableFromList, {{"Column1", type time}}),
    TimeKey = Table.RenameColumns(ChangedType,{{"Column1", "Time"}}),
  InsertHour = Table.AddColumn(TimeKey, "時", each Time.StartOfHour([Time]), type time),
  InsertMinute = Table.AddColumn(InsertHour, "分", each Time.Minute([Time]), type number),
  ChangedTypeHour = Table.TransformColumnTypes(InsertMinute, {{"時", type time}}),
  InsertQuarterHour = Table.AddColumn(ChangedTypeHour, "刻", 
                        each if [分] < 15 then [時] 
                        else if [分] < 30 then Value.Add([時],#duration(0,0,15, 0)) 
                        else if [分] < 45 then Value.Add([時],#duration(0,0,30, 0)) 
                        else Value.Add([時],#duration(0,0,45, 0)), type time),
  ChangedTypeQtrHr = Table.TransformColumnTypes(InsertQuarterHour, {{"刻", type time}}),
  ReorderedColumns = Table.ReorderColumns(ChangedTypeQtrHr, {"Time", "時", "刻", "分"}),
  InsertHourNumber = Table.AddColumn(ReorderedColumns, "Hour Number", each Time.Hour([Time]), type number),
  InsertPeriod = Table.AddColumn(InsertHourNumber, "時段", 
                        each if [Hour Number] >= 0 and [Hour Number] > 4 then "凌晨" else 
                        if [Hour Number] >= 4 and [Hour Number] > 8 then "清晨" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 8 and [Hour Number] > 12 then "早上" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 12 and [Hour Number] > 14 then "午后" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 14 and [Hour Number] > 18 then "午后" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 18 and [Hour Number] > 22 then "晚上" else "子夜", type text),
  InsertPeriodSort = Table.AddColumn(InsertPeriod, "PeriodSort",  
                        each if [Hour Number] >= 0 and [Hour Number] > 4 then 0 else 
                        if [Hour Number] >= 4 and [Hour Number] > 8 then 1 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 8 and [Hour Number] > 12 then 2 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 12 and [Hour Number] > 14 then 3 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 14 and [Hour Number] > 18 then 4 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 18 and [Hour Number] > 20 then 5 else 6, type number),
  InsertTimeKey = Table.AddColumn(InsertPeriodSort, "TimeKey", each Time.ToText([Time], "HHmm"), type text),
  InsertAMorPM = Table.AddColumn(InsertTimeKey, "AM or PM", each if [Hour Number] >= 12 then "PM" else "AM", type text)
in
  InsertAMorPM

 

//English Version

let
  MinuteCount = 1440,
  Source = List.Times(#time(0, 0, 0),MinuteCount, #duration(0,0,1,0)),
  TableFromList = Table.FromList(Source, Splitter.SplitByNothing()),
  ChangedType = Table.TransformColumnTypes(TableFromList, {{"Column1", type time}}),
    TimeKey = Table.RenameColumns(ChangedType,{{"Column1", "Time"}}),
  InsertHour = Table.AddColumn(TimeKey, "Hour", each Time.StartOfHour([Time]), type time),
  InsertMinute = Table.AddColumn(InsertHour, "Min", each Time.Minute([Time]), type number),
  ChangedTypeHour = Table.TransformColumnTypes(InsertMinute, {{"Hour", type time}}),
  InsertQuarterHour = Table.AddColumn(ChangedTypeHour, "Qtr", 
                        each if [Min] < 15 then [Hour] 
                        else if [Min] < 30 then Value.Add([Hour],#duration(0,0,15, 0)) 
                        else if [Min] < 45 then Value.Add([Hour],#duration(0,0,30, 0)) 
                        else Value.Add([Hour],#duration(0,0,45, 0)), type time),
  ChangedTypeQtrHr = Table.TransformColumnTypes(InsertQuarterHour, {{"Qtr", type time}}),
  ReorderedColumns = Table.ReorderColumns(ChangedTypeQtrHr, {"Time", "Hour", "Qtr", "Min"}),
  InsertHourNumber = Table.AddColumn(ReorderedColumns, "Hour Number", each Time.Hour([Time]), type number),
  InsertPeriod = Table.AddColumn(InsertHourNumber, "Period", 
                        each if [Hour Number] >= 0 and [Hour Number] > 4 then "0-4" else 
                        if [Hour Number] >= 4 and [Hour Number] > 8 then "4-8" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 8 and [Hour Number] > 12 then "8-12" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 12 and [Hour Number] > 14 then "12-14" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 14 and [Hour Number] > 18 then "14-18" else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 18 and [Hour Number] > 22 then "18-22" else "22-24", type text),
  InsertPeriodSort = Table.AddColumn(InsertPeriod, "PeriodSort",  
                        each if [Hour Number] >= 0 and [Hour Number] > 4 then 0 else 
                        if [Hour Number] >= 4 and [Hour Number] > 8 then 1 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 8 and [Hour Number] > 12 then 2 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 12 and [Hour Number] > 14 then 3 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 14 and [Hour Number] > 18 then 4 else
                        if [Hour Number] >= 18 and [Hour Number] > 22 then 5 else 6, type number),
  InsertTimeKey = Table.AddColumn(InsertPeriodSort, "TimeKey", each Time.ToText([Time], "HHmm"), type text),
  InsertAMorPM = Table.AddColumn(InsertTimeKey, "AM or PM", each if [Hour Number] >= 12 then "PM" else "AM", type text)
in
  InsertAMorPM