三種方式實現數據增刪改查

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-07-12 12:01 529 Django

原生form實現 forms組件實現 modelform組件實現

用原生form實現頁面數據增刪改查

前端代碼

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>書籍列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/book/add">
    <button>添加書籍</button>
</a>
<table border=1>
    <tr>
        <td>序號</td>
        <td>書籍名稱</td>
        <td>書籍價格</td>
        <td>出版日期</td>
        <td>出版社</td>
        <td>作者</td>
        <td>操作</td>
    </tr>
    {% for book in book_list %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.price }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.publishDate|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.publish.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ book.author.all }}</td>
            <td><a href="/book/edit{{ book.pk }}">
                <button>修改</button>
            </a>|<a href="/book/del?book_id={{ book.nid }}">
                <button>刪除</button>
            </a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}

</table>
</body>
</html>

查看

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加書籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/book/add" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>書籍名稱 <input name="book_name" type="text"></p>
    <p>書籍價格<input name="book_price" type="text"></p>
    <p>出版時間<input name="book_date" type="date"></p>

    <p>出版社 <select name="publish" id="">
        {% for publish in publish_list %}
            <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
        {% endfor %}
    </select></p>

    <p>作者<select name="author" id="" multiple>
        {% for author in author_list %}
            <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
        {% endfor %}

    </select>
    </p>

    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

添加

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>編輯書籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>書籍名稱 <input name="book_name" type="text" value="{{ book.title }}"></p>
    <p>書籍價格<input name="book_price" type="text" value="{{ book.price }}"></p>
    <p>出版時間<input name="book_date" type="date" value="{{ book.publishDate|date:"Y-d-m" }}"></p>

    <p>出版社 <select name="publish" id="">
        {% for publish in publish_list %}
            {% if book.publish == publish %}
                <option selected value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
            {% else %}
                <option value="{{ publish.pk }}">{{ publish.name }}</option>
            {% endif %}

        {% endfor %}
    </select></p>

    <p>作者<select name="author" id="" multiple>
        {% for author in author_list %}
            {% if author in book.author.all %}
                <option selected value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
            {% else %}
                <option value="{{ author.pk }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
            {% endif %}

        {% endfor %}

    </select>
    </p>

    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

修改

django views代碼

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models


def book_list(request):  # 查看
    book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, "booklist.html", locals())


def book_add(request):  # 增加
    if request.method == "POST":
        book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
        book_price = request.POST.get("book_price")
        book_date = request.POST.get("book_date")

        book_publish = request.POST.get("publish")

        book_author = request.POST.getlist("author")
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date,
                                              publish_id=book_publish)
        book_obj.author.add(*book_author)
        return redirect("/book_list")

    publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals())


def book_del(request):  # 刪除
    book_id = request.GET.get("book_id")
    book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
    book_obj.delete()
    return redirect("/book_list")


def book_edit(request, edit_book_id):  # 修改

    if request.method == "POST":
        book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
        book_price = request.POST.get("book_price")
        book_date = request.POST.get("book_date")
        book_publish = request.POST.get("publish")
        book_author = request.POST.getlist("author")
        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).update(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date,
                                                           publish_id=book_publish)
        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first().author.set(book_author)  # 不用打散列表，直接傳
        return redirect("/book_list")

    book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
    publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, "bookedit.html", locals())

增刪改查

用forms組件實現頁面增刪改查

前端代碼

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加書籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/book/add" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for foo in form %}
        <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

添加

django views代碼

class BookForm(forms.Form):  # 添加書籍的form類
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=32, label="書名")
    price = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, label="價格")
    date = forms.DateField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"type": "date"}), label="日期")
    # publish = forms.ChoiceField(choices=models.Publish.objects.all().values_list("pk","name"))  用ChoiceField寫
    publish = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.Publish.objects.all(), label="出版社")  # 獲取后台數據，在前台渲染成下拉菜單
    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.Author.objects.all(), label="作者")


def book_add(request):  # 增加
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = BookForm(request.POST)  # 實例化一個校驗對象，把接收到的數據傳入
        if form.is_valid():  # 校驗通過返回True,數據在對象.cleaned_data中
            book_name = form.cleaned_data.get("title")
            book_price = form.cleaned_data.get("price")
            book_date = form.cleaned_data.get("date")

            book_publish = form.cleaned_data.get("publish")  # 外鍵關系，接收的是一個對象

            book_author = form.cleaned_data.get("authors")  # 多對多，接收的是一個queryset
            book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, price=book_price, publishDate=book_date,
                                                  publish=book_publish)
            book_obj.author.add(*book_author)
            print(book_date, book_price, book_name, book_publish, book_author)
        return redirect("/book_list")
    form = BookForm()
    publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = models.Author.objects.all()
    return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals())

form渲染前端

在這里forms組件只實現了增加數據的功能，其余只能借助原生form來完成

這里的作用是

渲染頁面的form表單
對用戶發送來的數據做校驗

用ModelForm組件實現頁面增刪改查

前端代碼

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加書籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/book/add" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for foo in form %}
        <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

增加

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>編輯書籍</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for foo in form %}
        <div>{{ foo.label }}{{ foo }}</div>
    {% endfor %}
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

編輯

django views代碼

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm


def book_list(request):  # 查看
    book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, "booklist.html", locals())


class BookForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'  # 對數據庫所有字段做轉換
        labels = {"title": "書籍名稱", "price": "書籍價格", "publishDate": "出版日期", "publish": "出版社", "author": '作者'}


def book_add(request):  # 增加
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = BookForm(request.POST)  # 實例化一個校驗對象，把接收到的數據傳入
        if form.is_valid():  # 校驗通過返回True,數據在對象.cleaned_data中
            form.save()  # form和model一對一關聯，可以直接保存用戶提交數據
            return redirect("/book_list")

    form = BookForm()
    return render(request, "bookadd.html", locals())


def book_del(request):  # 刪除
    book_id = request.GET.get("book_id")
    book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
    book_obj.delete()
    return redirect("/book_list")


def book_edit(request, edit_book_id):  # 修改
    book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=edit_book_id).first()
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = BookForm(request.POST, instance=book)  # 傳入要編輯的對象，直接修改
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect("/book_list")

    form = BookForm(instance=book)  # 實例對象等於咱們要編輯的對象
    return render(request, "bookedit.html", locals())

View Code

相對於forms，ModelForm比之更強大，能夠生成添加，修改數據的表單，為我們封裝了很多存儲修改驗證對象的方法，使用起來更加方便

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