Mac下多版本pip共存

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-07-10 17:00 654 技術

Mac下多版本pip共存

來自於官方的解釋, pip是python包管理工具, 該工具提供了對python包的查找, 下載, 安裝, 卸載等功能
python第三方工具包多數依賴於pip進行安裝, 如 Robot Framework, DB connect, Requests等.
python3.x+ 以上版本默認都自帶pip工具.

一. Mac os 是自帶python
默認安裝python2.7

查看python版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python2 -V
Python 2.7.11rc1

備注: 這里使用了python2 是因為安裝了python2.x和 python3.x 兩個版本共存

查看python安裝位置:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python2
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2

那Python2.7 下如何安裝pip呢?
$ sudo easy_install pip #使用該command line 即可輕松安裝

查看pip 安裝版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 -V
pip 19.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

查看pip下具體安裝的工具包:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 list
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Package Version
-------------------------------------- ---------
altgraph 0.10.2
aniso8601 1.0.0
apipkg 1.4
Appium-Python-Client 0.21
asn1crypto 0.24.0
attrs 17.4.0
Automat 0.6.0
......

二. python3 和pip3
在python3里 pip是自帶的無需安裝, 也就是安裝了python3 就會有pip工具包, 讓我們來試下

python3 安裝包官網https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-371/
我是Mac os 選擇的是macOS 64-bit installer, 下載后安裝即可

安裝完成后再來看下python3 版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python3 -V
Python 3.3.5

查看安裝路徑:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python3
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3

查看pip3 版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip3 -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

查看pip3 安裝路徑:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip3

你會發現pip2 和 pip3 版本和路徑已經完全不同了

正常情況下提示:python2 command not found, 推薦將路徑增加到PATH中:
#python Set
# Setting PATH for Python 2.7
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin:${PATH}"

# Setting PATH for Python 3.3
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:${PATH}"

用pip3來安裝一個工具包試試:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 install pymysql
Collecting pymysql
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 418kB/s
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3

查看是否安裝成功:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 list
Package Version
---------- -------
numpy 1.16.4
pip 19.0.3
PyMySQL 0.9.3
setuptools 40.8.0
wheel 0.33.1

導入包看是否會報錯:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ python3
Python 3.3.5 (v3.3.5:62cf4e77f785, Mar 9 2014, 01:12:57)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pymysql
>>>

以上沒有報錯信息.

獲取幫助
pip --help

升級 pip
pip install -U pip

如果這個升級命令出現問題，可以使用以下命令：
sudo easy_install --upgrade pip

卸載包
pip uninstall Django==1.7

查看可升級的包
pip list -o

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