SpringBoot中的靜態資源訪問


一、說在前面的話

我們之間介紹過SpringBoot自動配置的原理,基本上是如下:

xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動配置組件;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內容;

 

具體可參考【SpringBoot之自動配置原理解析】

二、靜態資源映射規則

1、對哪些目錄映射?

classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
classpath:/resources/
classpath:/static/ 
classpath:/public/
/:當前項目的根路徑

 

2、什么意思?

就我們在上面五個目錄下放靜態資源(比如:a.js等),可以直接訪問(http://localhost:8080/a.js),類似於以前web項目的webapp下;放到其他目錄下無法被訪問。

3、為什么是那幾個目錄?

3.1、看源碼

我們一起來讀下源碼,這個是SpringBoot自動配置的WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java類來幫我們干的。

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
    }
    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
}

 

3.2、分析源碼

我們重點分析后半截,前半截后面會介紹。

// staticPathPattern是/**
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
            registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                    .addResourceLocations(
                            this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
            .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()
========>
ResourceProperties
public String[] getStaticLocations() {
    return this.staticLocations;
}
========>
private String[] staticLocations = RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
========>
private static final String[] RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
private static final String[] SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "/" };
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = {
            "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
            "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
========>
static {
    // 可以看到如下是對上面兩個數組進行復制操作到一個新數組上,也就是合並。
    RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length
            + SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length];
    System.arraycopy(SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0,
            SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
    System.arraycopy(CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS, 0, RESOURCE_LOCATIONS,
            SERVLET_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length, CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS.length);
}
所以上述代碼經過我的翻譯后成為了如下樣子:

registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations(
    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
            "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/", "/")
    // 設置緩存時間
    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));

 

3.3、一句話概括

WebMvcAutoConfiguration類自動為我們注冊了如下目錄為靜態資源目錄,也就是說直接可訪問到資源的目錄。

classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
classpath:/resources/
classpath:/static/ 
classpath:/public/
/:當前項目的根路徑

 

優先級從上到下。

所以,如果static里面有個index.html,public下面也有個index.html,則優先會加載static下面的index.html,因為優先級!

4、默認首頁

PS:就是直接輸入ip:port/項目名稱默認進入的頁面。

4.1、看源碼

WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java

@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
      ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
   return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
         this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}

 

4.2、分析源碼

resourceProperties.getWelcomePage()
========>
public Resource getWelcomePage() {
    // 遍歷默認靜態資源目錄后面拼接個index.html的數組
    // 比如:[/static/index.html, /public/index.html等等]
    for (String location : getStaticWelcomePageLocations()) {
        Resource resource = this.resourceLoader.getResource(location);
        try {
            if (resource.exists()) {
                resource.getURL();
                return resource;
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            // Ignore
        }
    }
    return null;
}
========>
// 下面這段代碼通俗易懂,就是給默認靜態資源目錄后面拼接個index.html並返回,比如:/static/index.html
private String[] getStaticWelcomePageLocations() {
    String[] result = new String[this.staticLocations.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
        String location = this.staticLocations[i];
        if (!location.endsWith("/")) {
            location = location + "/";
        }
        result[i] = location + "index.html";
    }
    return result;
}

 

所以上述代碼經過我的翻譯后成為了如下樣子:

return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html",
    "classpath:/resources/index.html",
    "classpath:/static/index.html",
    "classpath:/public/index.html",
    "/index.html"
    , "/**");

 

4.3、一句話概括

WebMvcAutoConfiguration類自動為我們注冊了如下文件為默認首頁。

classpath:/META-INF/resources/index.html
classpath:/resources/index.html
classpath:/static/index.html 
classpath:/public/index.html
/index.html

 

優先級從上到下。

所以,如果static里面有個index.html,public下面也有個index.html,則優先會加載static下面的index.html,因為優先級!

5、favicon.ico

 

 

PS:就是
 
image.png

這個圖標。

5.1、看源碼

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {

   private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

   public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
      this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
   }

   @Bean
   public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
      SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
      mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
      mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
            faviconRequestHandler()));
      return mapping;
   }

   @Bean
   public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
      ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
      requestHandler
            .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
      return requestHandler;
   }

}

 

5.2、分析源碼

// 首先可以看到的是可以設置是否生效,通過參數spring.mvc.favicon.enabled來配置,若無此參數,則默認是生效的。
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
========// 可以看到所有的**/favicon.ico都是在faviconRequestHandler()這個方法里找。
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler()));
========》
faviconRequestHandler().this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()
// 就是之前的五個靜態資源文件夾。    
List<Resource> getFaviconLocations() {
    List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList<Resource>(
            this.staticLocations.length + 1);
    if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
        for (String location : this.staticLocations) {
            locations.add(this.resourceLoader.getResource(location));
        }
    }
    locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
}    

 

5.3、一句話概括

只要把favicon.ico放到如下目錄下,就會自動生效。

classpath:/META-INF/resources/ 
classpath:/resources/
classpath:/static/ 
classpath:/public/
/:當前項目的根路徑

 

6、webjars

6.1、看源碼

WebMvcAutoConfiguration

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
    }
    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
}

 

6.2、分析源碼

這次我們來分析前半截。

Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
            registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                    .addResourceLocations(
                            "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
            .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}

 

6.3、一句話概括

所有/webjars/**都從classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路徑下去找對應的靜態資源。

6.4、什么是webjars?

就是以jar包的方式引入靜態資源。

官網地址:http://www.webjars.org/。類似於maven倉庫。

 
image.png

我們可以做個例子,將jquery引入到項目中

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

 

看項目依賴

 
image.png

會自動為我們引入jquery,要怎么使用呢?我們上面說過:

所有/webjars/*都從classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/路徑下去找對應的靜態資源。

所以我們啟動項目,訪問:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js即可。



以上原文:
鏈接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/a64195021ae7

 

必須在這幾個路徑下SpringBoot才會掃描到

 

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":當前項目的根路徑

 

 


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