rest-framework序列化之Serializer
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
view部分:
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers # django 自帶的序列化組件
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price=serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date=serializers.DateField()
publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
#authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
temp=[]
for author in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(author.name)
return temp
#此處可以繼續用author的Serializers,
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# ret=obj.authors.all()
# ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
# return ss.data
class BookViewSet(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# 序列化方式1:
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# import json
# data=[]
# for obj in book_list:
# data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
# print(data)
# return HttpResponse("ok")
# 序列化方式2:
# data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
# return HttpResponse(data)
# 序列化方式3:
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True) #many=True代表有多條數據,如果只有一條數據,many=False
return Response(bs.data)
# 序列化方式4:
# ret=models.Book.objects.all().values('nid','title')
# dd=list(ret)
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dd))
注意:
source 如果是字段,會顯示字段,如果是方法,會執行方法,不用加括號(authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all'))
如在模型中定義一個方法,直接可以在在source指定執行
class UserInfo(models.Model):
user_type_choices = (
(1,'普通用戶'),
(2,'VIP'),
(3,'SVIP'),
)
user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
#視圖
ret=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
aa=ret.get_user_type_display()
#serializer
xx=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display')
rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer
urls.py
"""
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^books/(?P<id>\d*)',views.Book.as_view())
]
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
publish_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # 自動添加創建時間
authors = models.ManyToManyField('Author')
publish = models.ForeignKey('Publish') # 一對多
def test(self):
return self.title+'>>'+str(self.price)
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
authordetail = models.OneToOneField('AuthorDetail')
class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
tel_num = models.BigIntegerField()
addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField()
"""
序列化的類
"""
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 想序列化Book 就要給其寫一個序列化的類
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
# class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# id = serializers.CharField()
# title = serializers.CharField()
# price = serializers.CharField()
# publish = serializers.CharField() # 不使用source的時候,可以與表中的字段名相同
# publish1 = serializers.CharField(source='publish') # 字段名不能與前面的序列化的名字一樣, 在使用source的時候
# publish_name = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name') # 跨表獲取字段屬性的值
# publish_pk = serializers.CharField(source='publish.pk') # 跨表
# # test1 = serializers.CharField(source='test') # 方法
#
# # 支持寫方法,如下:
# # 方法一定要傳一個參數,是當前被序列化的book對象
# publish_dic = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
#
# def get_publish_dic(self, obj):
# # 這里的obj就是當前book對象
# return {'id': obj.publish.id, 'name': obj.publish.name}
from app01 import models
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.CharField()
name = serializers.CharField()
age = serializers.CharField()
# ModelSerializer 是與表模型綁定的 Serializer
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
# 指定表模型
model = models.Book
fields = '__all__' # 表示我要序列化所有字段
#
# 只序列化 title 和 id 兩個字段
# fields = ['title','id']
# 其他字段都需要 ,剔除price字段
# exclude = ['price'] # 該方法和 fields 不能一起用
# 如果想讓publish字段顯示出版社的名字
# 跨表深度(連表的深度) 不建議使用,因為下幾層的參數無法控制,官方建議不超過十層,實際使用不要超過3
depth = 1
# publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self, obj):
authors_list = obj.authors.all()
authors_serializer = AuthorSerializer(authors_list, many=True)
return authors_serializer.data
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=6,min_length=3,error_messages={'max_length':'太長了','min_length':'你太短了'})
# 局部鈎子
# from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError --->導入報錯信息
def validate_title(self, value):
print(value) # 是 title 說對應的值
if value.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb開頭')
return value
# 全局鈎子
def validate(self, attrs):
print(attrs) # 這里的attrs 是一個字典 {'title': 'bbb123', 'price': '999.12', 'authors': 2, 'publish': 2}
if attrs.get('title').startswith('bbb')and attrs.get('price')>120:
raise ValidationError('太貴啦,bbb書籍')
return attrs
"""
views.py
"""
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01 import models
from app01.myser import BookSerializer
class Book(APIView):
# get 獲取所有書籍信息
def get(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
print(id)
if not id:
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
# 第一個參數是要序列化的queryset對象,如果要序列化多條,必須制定many=True
# 當instance形參被傳入的實參是單個參數的時候,many=False
book_serializer = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True)
else:
print(id)
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_serializer = BookSerializer(book_obj, many=False)
print(book_serializer.data)
response['books'] = book_serializer.data
return Response(response)
def post(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
# 提交的字典
book = request.data
# 傳統方法,創建對象保存
print(book)
# 新方法,通過序列化組件保存,必須繼承自ModelSerializer
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=book)
# is_valid 提交的字段校驗通過
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
response['book'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors # errors 是序列化類 中的鈎子函數 raise來的報錯信息
return Response(response)
def put(self, request, id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'}
if id:
# 提交的字典
book = request.data
# 傳統方法,創建對象保存
print(book)
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
# 新方法,通過序列化組件保存,必須繼承自ModelSerializer
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=book, instance=book_obj)
# is_valid 提交的字段校驗通過
if book_ser.is_valid():
# 這里save()做修改
book_ser.save()
response['book'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors
else:
response['msg'] = '修改對象不存在'
return Response(response)
def delete(self, request, id):
models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '刪除成功'}
return Response(response)