Flask-SQLAlchemy的基本使用

Flask-SQLAlchemy

1.安裝

pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy

起步

# 1. 創建表
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql+pymysql://root:123@127.0.0.1/test?
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = Falsecharset=utf8'

db = SQLAlchemy(app)

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(32),unique=True,nullable=True)

db.create_all()
# 2. 添加數據
db.session.add(User(username='admin'))

加入組件

from flask import Flask

# 導入Flask-SQLAlchemy中的SQLAlchemy
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

# 實例化SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
# PS : 實例化SQLAlchemy的代碼必須要在引入藍圖之前

from .views.users import user

def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)

    # 初始化App配置 這個app配置就厲害了,專門針對 SQLAlchemy 進行配置
    # SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI 配置 SQLAlchemy 的鏈接字符串兒
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = "mysql+pymysql://root:DragonFire@127.0.0.1:3306/dragon?charset=utf8"
    # SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE 配置 SQLAlchemy 的連接池大小
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE"] = 5
    # SQLALCHEMY_POOL_TIMEOUT 配置 SQLAlchemy 的連接超時時間
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_POOL_TIMEOUT"] = 15
    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS"] = False

    # 初始化SQLAlchemy , 本質就是將以上的配置讀取出來
    db.init_app(app)

    app.register_blueprint(user)

    return app

2.創建表

from MyApp import db

Base = db.Model 
# from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
# Base = declarative_base()
# 每一次我們在創建數據表的時候都要做這樣一件事
# 然而Flask-SQLAlchemy已經為我們把 Base 封裝好了

# 建立User數據表
class Users(Base): # Base實際上就是 db.Model
    __tablename__ = "users"
    __table_args__ = {"useexisting": True}
    # 在SQLAlchemy 中我們是導入了Column和數據類型 Integer 在這里
    # 就和db.Model一樣,已經封裝好了
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(32))
    password = db.Column(db.String(32))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from MyApp import create_app
    app = create_app()
    # 這里你要回顧一下Flask應該上下文管理了
    # 離線腳本:
    with app.app_context():
        db.drop_all()
        db.create_all()

登錄視圖函數的應用

from flask import Blueprint, request, render_template

user = Blueprint("user", __name__)

from MyApp.models import Users
from MyApp import db

@user.route("/login",methods=["POST","GET"])
def user_login():
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")


        # from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
        # Session = sessionmaker(engine)
        # db_sesson = Session()
        # 現在不用了,因為 Flask-SQLAlchemy 也已經為我們做好會話打開的工作
        db.session.add(Users(username=username,password=password))
        db.session.commit()

        # 然后再查詢
        user_info = Users.query.filter(Users.username == username and User.password == password).first()
        print(user_info.username)
        if user_info:
            return f"登錄成功{user_info.username}"

    return render_template("login.html")