MyBatis學習筆記(四) 類型處理器（typeHandlers）

一、類型處理器（typeHandlers）簡介

typeHandlers又名類型管理器，類似於JDBC里面將數據庫類型轉換成JAVA類型的功能一樣，typeHandlers就是MyBatis的類型轉換器。和別名一樣，MyBatis中的類型處理器也存在系統定義的和自定義兩種，MyBatis會根據javaType和jdbcType來決定采用哪個typeHandler來處理這些轉換規則，而且系統定義的能滿足大部分需求，可以說是非常好用，用戶只需要自定義一些特有的轉換規則，如枚舉類型。無論是 MyBatis 在預處理語句（PreparedStatement）中設置一個參數時，還是從結果集中取出一個值時， 都會用類型處理器將獲取的值以合適的方式轉換成 Java 類型。

在myBatis中注冊類型管理器非常簡單，只需要在配置文件中配置下面的的標簽：

<!-- Configuration中有兩種方式注冊類型管理器 -->
<typeHandlers>
  <!-- 直接注冊類型管理器 -->
  <typeHandler handler="org.mybatis.example.ExampleTypeHandler" javaType="java.util.Date" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
  <!-- 定義一個掃描包，該包下面的所有類全部注冊 -->
  <package name="org.mybatis.example"/>
</typeHandlers>

具體MyBatis是如何將配置文件解析注冊的可以參考我的上一篇文章：MyBatis學習筆記(三) Configuration類

 

二、系統自定義的typeHandlers

MyBatis在初始化配置的時候，默認注冊了豐富的類型處理器，基本上這些處理器就能滿足我們大部分需求，下面我們來看看都有那些：

以下是在TypeHandlerRegistry類里面注冊的

    register(Boolean.class, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(boolean.class, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BOOLEAN, new BooleanTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BIT, new BooleanTypeHandler());

    register(Byte.class, new ByteTypeHandler());
    register(byte.class, new ByteTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TINYINT, new ByteTypeHandler());

    register(Short.class, new ShortTypeHandler());
    register(short.class, new ShortTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.SMALLINT, new ShortTypeHandler());

    register(Integer.class, new IntegerTypeHandler());
    register(int.class, new IntegerTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.INTEGER, new IntegerTypeHandler());

    register(Long.class, new LongTypeHandler());
    register(long.class, new LongTypeHandler());

    register(Float.class, new FloatTypeHandler());
    register(float.class, new FloatTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.FLOAT, new FloatTypeHandler());

    register(Double.class, new DoubleTypeHandler());
    register(double.class, new DoubleTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DOUBLE, new DoubleTypeHandler());

    register(Reader.class, new ClobReaderTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.CHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.CLOB, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.VARCHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.LONGVARCHAR, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NVARCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(String.class, JdbcType.NCLOB, new NClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.CHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.VARCHAR, new StringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.CLOB, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.LONGVARCHAR, new ClobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NVARCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NCHAR, new NStringTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NCLOB, new NClobTypeHandler());

    register(Object.class, JdbcType.ARRAY, new ArrayTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.ARRAY, new ArrayTypeHandler());

    register(BigInteger.class, new BigIntegerTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BIGINT, new LongTypeHandler());

    register(BigDecimal.class, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.REAL, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DECIMAL, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.NUMERIC, new BigDecimalTypeHandler());

    register(InputStream.class, new BlobInputStreamTypeHandler());
    register(Byte[].class, new ByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(Byte[].class, JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(Byte[].class, JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobByteObjectArrayTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, new ByteArrayTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(byte[].class, JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.LONGVARBINARY, new BlobTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.BLOB, new BlobTypeHandler());

    register(Object.class, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);
    register(Object.class, JdbcType.OTHER, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);
    register(JdbcType.OTHER, UNKNOWN_TYPE_HANDLER);

    register(Date.class, new DateTypeHandler());
    register(Date.class, JdbcType.DATE, new DateOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(Date.class, JdbcType.TIME, new TimeOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TIMESTAMP, new DateTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.DATE, new DateOnlyTypeHandler());
    register(JdbcType.TIME, new TimeOnlyTypeHandler());

    register(java.sql.Date.class, new SqlDateTypeHandler());
    register(java.sql.Time.class, new SqlTimeTypeHandler());
    register(java.sql.Timestamp.class, new SqlTimestampTypeHandler());

    // mybatis-typehandlers-jsr310
    try {
      register("java.time.Instant", "org.apache.ibatis.type.InstantTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.LocalDateTime", "org.apache.ibatis.type.LocalDateTimeTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.LocalDate", "org.apache.ibatis.type.LocalDateTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.LocalTime", "org.apache.ibatis.type.LocalTimeTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.OffsetDateTime", "org.apache.ibatis.type.OffsetDateTimeTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.OffsetTime", "org.apache.ibatis.type.OffsetTimeTypeHandler");
      register("java.time.ZonedDateTime", "org.apache.ibatis.type.ZonedDateTimeTypeHandler");
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
      // no JSR-310 handlers
    }

    // issue #273
    register(Character.class, new CharacterTypeHandler());
    register(char.class, new CharacterTypeHandler());

其中當屬StringTypeHandler用的最頻繁，下面我們看下它的源碼

/**
 *    Copyright 2009-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.ibatis.type;

import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class StringTypeHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<String> {

  @Override
  public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, String parameter, JdbcType jdbcType)
      throws SQLException {
    ps.setString(i, parameter);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName)
      throws SQLException {
    return rs.getString(columnName);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex)
      throws SQLException {
    return rs.getString(columnIndex);
  }

  @Override
  public String getNullableResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex)
      throws SQLException {
    return cs.getString(columnIndex);
  }
}

從上述代碼可以看出它繼承了一個叫做BaseTypeHandler<String>的類，這個類的范型是String，即javaType，幾個方法如下：

1⃣️setNonNullParameter：這個方法是用來將javaType轉換成jdbcTpe

2⃣️getNullableResult：這個方法用來將從結果集根據列名稱獲取到的數據的jdbcType轉換成javaType

3⃣️getNullableResult：這個方法用來將從結果集根據列索引獲取到的數據的jdbcType轉換成javaType

4⃣️getNullableResult：這個方法用在存儲過程中

其實主要就是完成不同類型之間的轉換，下面來看一下它所繼承的BaseTypeHandler<String>類

 

再來看看BaseTypeHandler<String>類的源碼

/**
 *    Copyright 2009-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.ibatis.type;

import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.apache.ibatis.executor.result.ResultMapException;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 * @author Simone Tripodi
 */
public abstract class BaseTypeHandler<T> extends TypeReference<T> implements TypeHandler<T> {

  protected Configuration configuration;

  public void setConfiguration(Configuration c) {
    this.configuration = c;
  }

  @Override
  public void setParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, T parameter, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException {
    if (parameter == null) {
      if (jdbcType == null) {
        throw new TypeException("JDBC requires that the JdbcType must be specified for all nullable parameters.");
      }
      try {
        ps.setNull(i, jdbcType.TYPE_CODE);
      } catch (SQLException e) {
        throw new TypeException("Error setting null for parameter #" + i + " with JdbcType " + jdbcType + " . " +
                "Try setting a different JdbcType for this parameter or a different jdbcTypeForNull configuration property. " +
                "Cause: " + e, e);
      }
    } else {
      try {
        setNonNullParameter(ps, i, parameter, jdbcType);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new TypeException("Error setting non null for parameter #" + i + " with JdbcType " + jdbcType + " . " +
                "Try setting a different JdbcType for this parameter or a different configuration property. " +
                "Cause: " + e, e);
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public T getResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException {
    T result;
    try {
      result = getNullableResult(rs, columnName);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new ResultMapException("Error attempting to get column '" + columnName + "' from result set.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
    if (rs.wasNull()) {
      return null;
    } else {
      return result;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public T getResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
    T result;
    try {
      result = getNullableResult(rs, columnIndex);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new ResultMapException("Error attempting to get column #" + columnIndex+ " from result set.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
    if (rs.wasNull()) {
      return null;
    } else {
      return result;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public T getResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
    T result;
    try {
      result = getNullableResult(cs, columnIndex);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new ResultMapException("Error attempting to get column #" + columnIndex+ " from callable statement.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
    if (cs.wasNull()) {
      return null;
    } else {
      return result;
    }
  }

  public abstract void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, T parameter, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException;

  public abstract T getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException;

  public abstract T getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;

  public abstract T getNullableResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;

}

此類是一個抽象類，重寫了四個接口之外，還有四個抽象方法，也就是在StringTypeHandler中實現的接口，那么重寫的四個接口是什么呢？我們去看一下它所實現的TypeHandler<T>接口

 

最后看一下TypeHandler<T>接口的源碼

/**
 *    Copyright 2009-2015 the original author or authors.
 *
 *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.ibatis.type;

import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public interface TypeHandler<T> {

  void setParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, T parameter, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException;

  T getResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException;

  T getResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;

  T getResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;

}

這里也定義了四個接口，一個set方法用來將javaType轉為jdbcType，三個get方法用來將jdbcType轉為javaType，而在BaseTypeHandler中實現的就是這四個方法。

所以當我們自定義自己的typeHandler時有兩種方法：

第一種：繼承BaseTypeHandler類

第二種：實現TypeHandler接口

 

三、自定義typeHandler

自定義typeHandler用的最多的應該是枚舉類型了

若想映射枚舉類型 Enum，則需要從 EnumTypeHandler 或者 EnumOrdinalTypeHandler 中選一個來使用。

比如說我們想存儲取近似值時用到的舍入模式。默認情況下，MyBatis 會利用 EnumTypeHandler 來把 Enum 值轉換成對應的名字。

注意 EnumTypeHandler 在某種意義上來說是比較特別的，其他的處理器只針對某個特定的類，而它不同，它會處理任意繼承了 Enum 的類。

不過，我們可能不想存儲名字，相反我們的 DBA 會堅持使用整形值代碼。那也一樣輕而易舉： 在配置文件中把 EnumOrdinalTypeHandler 加到 typeHandlers 中即可， 這樣每個 RoundingMode 將通過他們的序數值來映射成對應的整形數值。

 

四、使用typeHandler

MyBatis定義注冊的typeHandler不需要在mapper文件中顯示的聲明，MyBatis會自動的使用，我們自己定義的需要在結果集中顯示的指出，告訴MyBatis，“這兩個類型按照我定義的類轉換”，使用也非常簡單，下面是官方給出的實例。

<!DOCTYPE mapper
    PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="org.apache.ibatis.submitted.rounding.Mapper">

    <resultMap type="org.apache.ibatis.submitted.rounding.User" id="usermap2">
        <id column="id" property="id"/>
        <result column="name" property="name"/>
        <result column="funkyNumber" property="funkyNumber"/>
        <result column="roundingMode" property="roundingMode" typeHandler="org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumTypeHandler"/>
    </resultMap>


    <select id="getUser2" resultMap="usermap2">
        select * from users2
    </select>


    <insert id="insert2">
        insert into users2 (id, name, funkyNumber, roundingMode) values (
            #{id}, #{name}, #{funkyNumber}, #{roundingMode, typeHandler=org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumTypeHandler}
        )
    </insert>

</mapper>