本文分別說明.NET CORE與Spring Boot 編寫控制台程序應有的“正確”方法,以便.NET程序員、JAVA程序員可以相互學習與加深了解,注意本文只介紹用法,不會刻意強調哪種語言或哪種框架寫的控制台程序要好。
本文所說的編寫控制台程序應有的“正確”方法,我把正確二字加上引號,因為沒有絕對的正確,因人而異,因系統設計需求而異,我這里所謂的正確方法是指使用面向對象,依賴注入IOC,切面控制AOP等編碼規范來提升程序的性能、整潔度、可讀性、可維護性等,最終達到讓人感覺有點高大上,有點優雅的樣子。
先來說說.NET CORE編寫控制台程序,目前網絡上大把的講解ASP.NET CORE的編寫規范,反而對於.NET CORE控制台程序編寫規范介紹比較少,大多停留在Hello Word 程序中,而本文則來講講.NET CORE控制台的編寫規范(應有的優雅姿勢)^ v ^
如果說不講什么IOC,DI,AOP等,不講擴展性,規范性,全部面向過程(方法)編程,那估計沒什么好講的,因為無非就是定義一個class,然后在class中定義一堆的method(方法),如果在方法中需要使用到其它第三方組件,則直接單獨引用,引用后進行簡單封裝util工具類的靜態方法,甚至也不用封裝,直接使用原生的方法,總之全部都是方法調方法。而這里所演示的編寫控制台方法均是盡可能的使用.NET CORE所具有的特性,只有這樣才能體現出.NET CORE框架的優勢,否則普通控制台程序與.NET CORE控制台程序有什么區別。
編寫.NET CORE控制台程序優雅姿勢一:(直接使用.NET CORE的 IOC、Logging、Config組件)
代碼如下:
//Program.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System.IO;
namespace NetCoreConsoleApp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//設置config文件
var config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appSettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true).Build();
//設置依賴注入
var provider = new ServiceCollection()
.AddLogging(configLogging => //設置日志組件
{
configLogging.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Information);
configLogging.AddConsole();
})
.AddScoped<IConfiguration>(p => config)
.AddScoped<HostService>()
.BuildServiceProvider();
var hostService = provider.GetService<HostService>();
hostService.RunAsync();//統一入口服務
Console.WriteLine("提示:程序已正常啟動運行,按任意鍵停止運行並關閉程序...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
//HostService.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace NetCoreConsoleApp
{
public class HostService
{
private readonly IConfiguration config;
private readonly ILogger<HostService> logger;
public HostService(IConfiguration config, ILogger<HostService> logger)
{
this.config = config;
this.logger = logger;
}
public void RunAsync()
{
Task.Run((Action)Execute);
}
/// <summary>
/// 控制台核心執行入口方法
/// </summary>
private void Execute()
{
//TODO 業務邏輯代碼,如下模擬
Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("test WriteLine:" + i);
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
stopwatch.Stop();
logger.LogInformation("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
}
}
}
因為要使用.NET CORE相關核心組件,故需要引用相關的NuGet包(引用包的方式有多種方式),而且默認的.NET CORE控制台只會生成DLL並不會生成EXE啟動程序,故如果僅在WIN系統下使用,還需要設置生成方式等,詳細配置屬性如下:(項目文件csproj)
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers> <SelfContained>false</SelfContained> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" Version="2.2.0" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
如上代碼雖簡單但代碼編寫順序很關鍵,這里進行說明一下:
1.因為一般應用程序都會有config文件,故我們需要先通過new ConfigurationBuilder來設置config文件的方式及路徑;
2.因為要使用.NET CORE默認的IOC框架,故new ServiceCollection,然后將相關的依賴服務組件注冊到IOC容器中;
3.config、logging 均是一個程序最基本的依賴組件,故將其注冊到IOC容器中,注冊logging有專門的擴展方法(AddLogging),而config沒有則直接使用通過的注冊方法(當然也可以基於ServiceCollection寫一個AddConfiguration擴展方法)
4.控制台需要一個核心的入口方法,用於處理核心業務,不要直接在Program中寫方法,這樣就不能使用IOC,同時也沒有做到職責分明,Program僅是程序啟動入口,業務處理應該有專門的入口,故上述代碼中有HostService類(即:核心宿主服務類, 意為存在於控制台中的服務處理類,在這個類的構造涵數中列出所需依賴的服務組件,以便實例化時IOC可以自動注入這個參數),並注冊到IOC容器中,當然也可以先定義一個IHostService接口然后實現這個接口。(如果有多個HostService類實例,建議定義一個IHostService接口,接口中只需要入口方法定義即可,如:RunAsync)
5.當各組件初始化設置OK、IOC注冊到位后,就應該通過IOC解析獲得HostService類實例,並執行入口方法:RunAsync,該方法為異步后台執行,即調用該方法后,會在單獨的后台線程處理核心業務,然后主線程繼續往下面走,輸出關閉提示信息,最后的Console.ReadLine();很關鍵,這個是等待輸入流並掛起當前主線程,目的大家都知道,不要讓控制台程序關閉。
通過上述的講解及源代碼展示,有沒有感覺優雅呢?如果覺得這樣還算優雅,那下面展示的第二種更優雅的姿勢
編寫.NET CORE控制台程序優雅姿勢二:(使用通用主機也稱泛型主機HostBuilder)
代碼如下:Program.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using NLog.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using Polly;
using System;
namespace NetCoreConsoleApp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var host = new HostBuilder()
.ConfigureHostConfiguration(configHost =>
{
configHost.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());
})
.ConfigureAppConfiguration(configApp =>
{
configApp.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);
})
.ConfigureServices((context, services) =>
{
//添加數據訪問組件示例:services.AddTransient<IDbAccesser>(provider =>
//{
// string connStr = context.Configuration.GetConnectionString("ConnDbStr");
// return new SqlDapperEasyUtil(connStr);
//});
//添加HttpClient封裝類示例:services.AddHttpClient<GitHubApiClient>()
//.AddTransientHttpErrorPolicy(builder => builder.WaitAndRetryAsync(3, t => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(800)));
services.AddHostedService<DemoHostedService>();
})
.ConfigureLogging((context, configLogging) =>
{
configLogging.ClearProviders();
configLogging.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Trace);
configLogging.AddNLog(context.Configuration);
})
.UseConsoleLifetime()
.Build();
host.Run();
}
}
}
DemoHostedService類代碼:
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace NetCoreConsoleApp
{
public class DemoHostedService : IHostedService
{
private readonly IConfiguration config;
private readonly ILogger logger;
public DemoHostedService(IConfiguration config, ILogger<DemoHostedService> logger)
{
this.config = config;
this.logger = logger;
}
public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
Console.WriteLine(nameof(DemoHostedService) + "已開始執行...");
//TODO 業務邏輯代碼,如下模擬
Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("test WriteLine:" + i);
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
stopwatch.Stop();
logger.LogInformation("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
Console.WriteLine(nameof(DemoHostedService) + "已被停止");
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
}
}
因為要使用HostBuilder類及相關的.NET CORE組件(如上代碼主要使用到了:Host、Dapper、Nlog、Polly等),故仍需引用相關的NuGet包,詳細配置屬性如下:(項目文件csproj)
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <RuntimeIdentifiers>win10-x64</RuntimeIdentifiers> <SelfContained>false</SelfContained> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Dapper" Version="1.60.6" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly" Version="2.2.0" /> <PackageReference Include="NLog.Extensions.Logging" Version="1.5.1" /> <PackageReference Include="System.Collections.Concurrent" Version="4.3.0" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <None Update="appsettings.json"> <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory> </None> <None Update="nlog.config"> <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory> </None> </ItemGroup> </Project>
如上代碼所示,寫過ASP.NET CORE程序的人可能比較眼熟,這與ASP.NET CORE的寫法很類似,是的,你沒有看錯,HostBuilder是通用主機,是可以廣泛應用於非HTTP的環境下,而ASP.NET CORE中的WebHostBuilder 主要用於HTTP WEB環境,使用方式基本類似,都是先定義HostBuilder,然后利用擴展方法注冊、配置各種組件(中間件),最后調用Host的Run方法,開啟后台服務執行,不同的是WebHostBuilder多了屬於HTTP專有的一些屬性及方法及其適用的中間件。
由於這種寫法比較通用,適用於已熟悉.NET CORE或ASP.NET CORE的人群,上手也較簡單,故建議采取這種方式來寫.NET CORE控制台程序。需要注意的是HostBuilder中最重要的是:注冊HostedService 服務,如上代碼中的DemoHostedService即是實現了IHostedService接口的宿主后台服務類,可以定義多個,然后都注冊到IOC中,最后Host會按注冊先后順序執行多個HostedService服務的StartAsync方法,當停止時同樣會執行多個HostedService服務的StopAsync方法
下面再來看看使用Spring&Spring Boot框架來優雅的編寫控制台程序
編寫Spring控制台程序優雅姿勢一:(只引用所必需的spring jar包、logger jar包,追求極簡風)
使用IDEA +MAVEN 創建一個quickstart 控制台項目,在maven POM XML中先引用所必需的spring jar包、logger jar包等,配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>spring-console</artifactId> <name>spring-console</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.zuowenjun.cn</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>5.1.8.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>8</source> <target>8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
然后采取自定義注解類(SpringBeansConfig)的方式注冊相關Bean(包含配置映射類Bean:AppProperties),代碼如下:
//app.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring;
import cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Hello world!
*/
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringBeansConfig.class);
HostService hostService = applicationContext.getBean(HostService.class);
hostService.run();
applicationContext.registerShutdownHook();
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("等待讀取輸入數據報錯:" + e.getMessage() + ",將直接退出程序!");
}
}
}
//AppProperties.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
public class AppProperties {
@Value("${app.name}")
private String appName;
@Value("${app.author}")
private String appAuthor;
@Value("${app.test.msg}")
private String testMsg;
public String getAppName() {
return appName;
}
public void setAppName(String appName) {
this.appName = appName;
}
public String getAppAuthor() {
return appAuthor;
}
public void setAppAuthor(String appAuthor) {
this.appAuthor = appAuthor;
}
public String getTestMsg() {
return testMsg;
}
public void setTestMsg(String testMsg) {
this.testMsg = testMsg;
}
}
//SpringBeansConfig.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring;
import cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:app.properties", ignoreResourceNotFound = false)
public class SpringBeansConfig {
@Bean
@Order(1)
public HostService hostService() {
return new HostService();
}
@Bean
@Order(0)
@Scope("singleton")
public AppProperties appProperties() {
return new AppProperties();
}
//注冊其它所需Bean...
}
//HostService.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring.cn.zuowenjun.spring.services;
import cn.zuowenjun.spring.AppProperties;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class HostService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HostService.class);
@Autowired
private AppProperties appProperties;
//可以添加其它屬性注入
public void run() {
// ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
// pool.execute(() -> execute());
new Thread(this::execute).start();
}
/// <summary>
/// 控制台核心執行入口方法
/// </summary>
private void execute() {
//TODO 業務邏輯代碼,如下模擬
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
System.out.println("test WriteLine:" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println(String.join("", Collections.nCopies(30, "=")));
System.out.printf("app name is:%s %n", appProperties.getAppName());
System.out.printf("app author is:%s %n", appProperties.getAppAuthor());
System.out.printf("app test msg:%s %n", appProperties.getTestMsg());
LOGGER.info("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
}
app.properties配置文件內容如下,注意應放在classpth目錄下(即:resources目錄下,沒有需自行創建並設為resources目錄):
app.name=demo spring console app.author=zuowenjun app.test.msg=hello java spring console app!
如上即上實現一個spring的控制台程序,當然由於是示例,故只引用了logger包,正常還需引用jdbc或ORM框架的相關jar包, 上述代碼關鍵邏輯說明(同樣要注意順序):
1.new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext類(spring IOC容器),創建一個IOC容器,類似.NET CORE中的ServiceProvider類;
2.定義 SpringBeansConfig bean注冊配置類(注冊相關依賴),這個類中依次注入相關的bean,如果bean之間有依賴順序關系,建議添加@Order並指明序號;該類作為AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的構造函數參數傳入,以便IOC自動解析並完成實際注冊;
3.同樣是定義一個HostService 宿主服務類,並實現run方法邏輯,一般采取后台線程異步執行,為了演示效果與.NET CORE的HostService 類相同,示例邏輯基本相同。另外還定義了AppProperties配置映射類,便於直接讀取配置,.NET CORE同樣也有類似注冊bind到配置類中,然后在服務類中使用:IOptions<配置類>作為構造函數參數實現構造函數注入。只是由於篇幅有限故.NET CORE部份直接采取了注入IConfiguration,大家有興趣可以查看網上相關資料。
4.IOC容器初始化並注冊成功后,即可解析HostService 類獲得實例,執行run方法,run方法會開啟線程在后台處理,並返回到主線程,直至in.read()阻塞掛起主線程,防止程序自動關閉。
編寫Spring boot控制台程序優雅姿勢二:(引用spring boot jar包)
使用IDEA+Spring Initializr來創建一個spring boot項目,創建過程中按需選擇依賴的框架,我這里是示例,故除了默認spring-boot-starter依賴外,其余什么依賴都不添加,創建后Maven POM XML如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>cn.zuowenjun.spring</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-console</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springboot-console</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <url>http://www.zuowenjun.cn</url> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
然后創建相關的Bean類:HostService(宿主服務類,這個與前文定義類均相同)、AppProperties(配置映射類,這個是映射默認的application.properties配置文件,注意這里的映射方式與前文所描述稍有不周,采用:@ConfigurationProperties+屬性映射,無需加@Value注解,映射屬性時如果有-則應寫成駝峰式,如果有.則應定義內部靜態類,呈現層級屬性完成映射,具體的用法可以參見我之前的文章):
//HostService.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring.services;
import cn.zuowenjun.spring.AppProperties;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
import java.util.Collections;
@Component
public class HostService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HostService.class);
@Autowired
private AppProperties appProperties;
//可以添加其它屬性注入
public void run() {
// ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
// pool.execute(() -> execute());
new Thread(this::execute).start();
}
/// <summary>
/// 控制台核心執行入口方法
/// </summary>
private void execute() {
//TODO 業務邏輯代碼,如下模擬
StopWatch stopwatch = new StopWatch();
stopwatch.start();
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
System.out.println("test WriteLine:" + i);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
stopwatch.stop();
System.out.println(String.join("", Collections.nCopies(30, "=")));
System.out.printf("app name is:%s %n", appProperties.getName());
System.out.printf("app author is:%s %n", appProperties.getAuthor());
System.out.printf("app test msg:%s %n", appProperties.getTestMsg());
LOGGER.info("Logging - Execute Elapsed Times:{}ms", stopwatch.getTotalTimeMillis());
}
}
//AppProperties.java
package cn.zuowenjun.spring;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppProperties {
private String name;
private String author;
private String testMsg;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public String getTestMsg() {
return testMsg;
}
public void setTestMsg(String testMsg) {
this.testMsg = testMsg;
}
}
application.properties配置文件:(注意app.test.msg此處改為了app.test-msg,因為這樣就可以直接映射到類的屬性中,否則得定義內部類有點麻煩)
app.name=demo spring console app.author=zuowenjun app.test-msg=hello java spring console app!
最后改造spring boot application類,讓SpringbootConsoleApplication類實現ApplicationRunner接口,並在run方法中編寫通過屬性依賴注入獲得HostService類的實例,最后執行HostService的run方法即可,代碼如下:
package cn.zuowenjun.spring;
import cn.zuowenjun.spring.services.HostService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootConsoleApplication implements ApplicationRunner {
@Autowired
private HostService hostService;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootConsoleApplication.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
hostService.run();
}
}
如上步驟即完成了優雅編寫spring boot控制台程序,關鍵點是ApplicationRunner,這個是給spring boot執行的入口,另一種思路,我們其實還可以把HostService類改造一下,讓其實現ApplicationRunner接口,那么run方法即為spring boot的啟動入口。
總結一下:.
NET CORE控制台程序優雅姿勢一與Spring控制台優雅姿勢一核心思想是一樣的,都是手動創建各個依賴組件及IOC容器的實例,都是通過IOC容器顯式的解析獲得HostService類的實例,最后運行HostService#run方法。
NET CORE控制台程序優雅姿勢二與Spring控制台優雅姿勢二核心思想也是一樣的,都是利用IOC容器來直接管理注冊的各個依賴組件,並由.NET CORE、Spring boot框架自行調度HostService#run方法。
我個人更傾向優雅姿勢二的方法來編寫.NET CORE或Spring Boot的控制台程序,因為寫得更少,做得更多。
