在開發控制器的時候,有時也需要保存對應的數據到這些對象中去,或者從中獲取數據。而Spring MVC給予了支持,它的主要注解有3個:@RequestAttribute、@SessionAttribute和@SessionAttributes,它們的作用如下。
•@RequestAttribute獲取HTTP的請求(request)對象屬性值,用來傳遞給控制器的參數。
•@SessionAttribute在HTTP的會話(Session)對象屬性值中,用來傳遞給控制器的參數。
•@SessionAttributes,可以給它配置一個字符串數組,這個數組對應的是數據模型對應的鍵值對,然后將這些鍵值對保存到Session中。
注解@RequestAttribute
@RequestAttribute主要的作用是從HTTP的request對象中取出請求屬性,只是它的范圍周期是在一次請求中存在
代碼清單15-23:請求屬性 requestAttribute.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title></head> <body> <% //設置請求屬性 request.setAttribute("id", 111L); //轉發給控制器 request.getRequestDispatcher("../attribute/requestAttribute.do").forward(request, response); %> </body> </html>
代碼清單15-24:控制器獲取請求屬性
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/attribute") public class AttributeController { // @Autowired // private RoleService roleService; @RequestMapping("/requestAttribute") public ModelAndView reqAttr(@RequestAttribute(value = "id", required = false) Long id) { System.out.println("id =>" + id); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); // Role role = roleService.getRole(id); // mv.addObject("role", role); mv.addObject("role", id); mv.setView(new MappingJackson2JsonView()); return mv; } }
注解@SessionAttribute和注解@SessionAttributes
這兩個注解和HTTP的會話對象有關,在瀏覽器和服務器保持聯系的時候HTTP會創建一個會話對象,這樣可以讓我們在和服務器會話期間(請注意這個時間范圍)通過它讀/寫會話對象的屬性,緩存一定數據信息。
先來討論一下設置會話屬性,在控制器中可以使用注解@SessionAttributes來設置對應的鍵值對,不過這個注解只能對類進行標注,不能對方法或者參數注解。它可以配置屬性名稱或者屬性類型。它的作用是當這個類被注解后,Spring MVC執行完控制器的邏輯后,將數據模型中對應的屬性名稱或者屬性類型保存到HTTP的Session對象中。
代碼清單15-25:使用注解@SessionAttributes
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/attribute") //可以配置數據模型的名稱和類型,兩者取或關系 @SessionAttributes(names = {"id"}, types = {Role.class}) public class AttributeController { @RequestMapping("/sessionAttributes") public ModelAndView sessionAttrs(Long id) { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); // Role role = roleService.getRole(id); Role role = new Role(id, "射手", "遠程物理輸出"); //根據類型,Session將會保存角色信息 mv.addObject("role", role); // 根據名稱,Session將會保存id mv.addObject("id", id); //視圖名稱,定義跳轉到一個JSP文件上 mv.setViewName("sessionAttribute"); return mv; } }
代碼清單15-26:sessionAttribute.jsp驗證注解有效性
<%@ page language="java" import="com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title></head> <body> <% Role role = (Role) session.getAttribute("role"); out.println("id = " + role.getId() + "<p/>"); out.println("roleName = " + role.getRoleName() + "<p/>"); out.println("note = " + role.getNote() + "<p/>"); Long id = (Long) session.getAttribute("id"); out.println("id = " + id + "<p/>"); %> </body> </html>
讀取Session的屬性,Spring MVC通過@SessionAttribute實現。
代碼清單15-27:JSP設置Session屬性 sessionAttribute.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title></head> <body> <% Role role = (Role) session.getAttribute("role"); out.println("id = " + role.getId() + "<p/>"); out.println("roleName = " + role.getRoleName() + "<p/>"); out.println("note = " + role.getNote() + "<p/>"); Long id = (Long) session.getAttribute("id"); out.println("id = " + id + "<p/>"); %> </body> </html>
代碼清單15-28:獲取Session屬性
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/attribute") //可以配置數據模型的名稱和類型,兩者取或關系 @SessionAttributes(names = {"id"}, types = {Role.class}) public class AttributeController { @RequestMapping("/sessionAttribute") public ModelAndView sessionAttr(@SessionAttribute("id") Long id) { System.out.println("id =>" + id); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); // Role role = roleService.getRole(id); Role role = new Role(id, "射手", "遠程物理輸出"); mv.addObject("role", role); mv.setView(new MappingJackson2JsonView()); return mv; } }
注解@CookieValue和注解@RequestHeader
從名稱而言,這兩個注解都很明確,就是從Cookie和HTTP請求頭獲取對應的請求信息,它們的用法比較簡單,且大同小異,所以放到一起講解。只是對於Cookie而言,用戶是可以禁用的,所以在使用的時候需要考慮這個問題。下面給出它們的一個實例,如代碼清單15-29所示。
代碼清單15-29:使用@CookieValue和@RequestHeader
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; @Controller @RequestMapping("/cookie") public class CooKieController { @RequestMapping("/getHeaderAndCookie") public String testHeaderAndCookie(@RequestHeader(value = "User-Agent", required = false, defaultValue = "attribute") String userAgent , @CookieValue(value = "JSESSIONID", required = true, defaultValue = "MyJsessionId") String jsessionId) { System.out.println("User-Agent:" + userAgent); System.out.println("JSESSIONID:" + jsessionId); return "index"; } }