Python.Requests庫的基本使用

Requests安裝

使用pip安裝命令：

pip install requests

打開cmd，輸入python然后導入requests如果安裝成功沒有任何提示

如果提示如下則說明安裝失敗

ImportError: No module named 'requests'

 

Requests 基礎應用

發送不同類型HTTP請求

 requests庫內置了不同的方法來發送不同類型的http請求，用法如下所示：

import requests

base_url = "http://httpbin.org"

# 發生GET類型請求
r_get = requests.get(base_url + "/get")
print(r_get.status_code)

# 發生POST類型請求
r_post = requests.post(base_url + "/post")
print(r_post.status_code)

# 發生PUT類型請求
r_put = requests.put(base_url + "/put")
print(r_put.status_code)

# 發生DELETE類型請求
r_delete = requests.delete(base_url + "/delete")
print(r_delete.status_code)

執行結果，200是狀態碼表示發送請求成功

200
200
200
200

參數傳遞

傳遞URL參數

一般在GET請i去中使用字符串（query string）來進行參數傳遞，在requests庫中使用方法如下：

param_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}
r_data = requests.get(base_url + '/get', params=param_data)
print(r_data.url)
print(r_data.status_code)

執行結果

http://httpbin.org/get?hero=leesin
200

 

傳遞body參數

在post請求中，一般參數都在請求體（Request body）中傳遞，在Requests中用法如下：

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}
r_body = requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data)
print(r_body.text)

執行結果

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "hero": "leesin"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "11", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.22.0"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

請求頭定制

如果你想為請求添加HTTP頭部，只要簡單傳遞一個dict給headers參數就可以了。
用法如下：

 

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}
header = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
r_headers = requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data, headers=header)
print(r_headers.text)

返回值

{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "hero": "leesin"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "11", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

 

響應內容

當請求發送成功之后，我們可以獲取響應內容。如響應狀態碼，響應頭信息，響應體內容

form_data = {'hero': 'leesin'}
header = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
r_response = requests.post(base_url + '/post', data=form_data, headers=header)

# 獲取響應狀態碼
print(r_response.status_code)

# 獲取響應頭信息
print(r_response.headers)

# 獲取響應內容
print(r_response.text)

# 將響應內容以json格式返回
print(r_response.json())

返回值

200
{'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Date': 'Fri, 28 Jun 2019 14:38:09 GMT', 'Referrer-Policy': 'no-referrer-when-downgrade', 'Server': 'nginx', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY', 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block', 'Content-Length': '258', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "hero": "leesin"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Content-Length": "11", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

{'args': {}, 'data': '', 'files': {}, 'form': {'hero': 'leesin'}, 'headers': {'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Content-Length': '11', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}, 'json': None, 'origin': '61.144.173.21, 61.144.173.21', 'url': 'https://httpbin.org/post'}