java 單鏈表反轉


最近與人瞎聊,聊到各大廠的面試題,其中有一個就是用java實現單鏈表反轉。閑來無事,決定就這個問題進行一番嘗試。

1.准備鏈表

准備一個由DataNode組成的單向鏈表,DataNode如下:

public class DataNode {

    private int data;
    private DataNode next;
    public int getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(int data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public DataNode getNext() {
        return next;
    }
    public void setNext(DataNode next) {
        this.next = next;
    }
    public DataNode(int data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

構造鏈表

public class DataChain {
    
    private  DataNode head;
    
    public DataChain(int size) {
        DataNode head = new DataNode(0);
        DataNode cur = head;
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
            DataNode tmp = new DataNode(i);
            cur.setNext(tmp);
            cur = tmp;
        }
        this.head = head;
    }

    public DataNode getHead() {
        return head;
    }

    public void setHead(DataNode head) {
        this.head = head;
    }

    public static void printChain(DataNode head) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        DataNode cur = head;
        sb.append(cur.getData());
        while (null != cur.getNext()) {
            sb.append(" -> ");
            sb.append(cur.getNext().getData());
            cur = cur.getNext();
        }
        System.out.println(sb.toString());
    }

    public static void main(String... strings) {
        DataChain chain = new DataChain(10);
        printChain(chain.getHead());
    }
}

運行main方法,即構造了一個包含10個node節點的單鏈表。

#運行結果
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9

2.通過遞歸實現單鏈表反轉

考慮到代碼的簡潔性,首先考慮的是通過遞歸實現。

 /**
     * 遞歸實現 當棧深度大於12000 則會出現StakOverflowError
     * 
     * @param head
     * @return
     */
    public static DataNode reverse1(DataNode head) {
        if (null == head || null == head.getNext())
            return head;
        DataNode revHead = reverse1(head.getNext());
        head.getNext().setNext(head);
        head.setNext(null);
        return revHead;
    }

以上即是遞歸實現的源碼,但是需要考慮的問題是遞歸都在java棧中進行,需要考慮jdk支持的棧的深度。在jdk1.8.0_91版本中,當上述鏈表長度大於12000則會出現StackOverFlowError錯誤。說明對於該版本jdk棧的深度不能大於12000。

3.通過遍歷實現

最通用的實現方式就是遍歷。

/**
     * 遍歷實現 通用實現方法
     * 
     * @param head
     * @return
     */
    public static DataNode reverse2(DataNode head) {
        if (null == head || null == head.getNext())
            return head;
        DataNode pre = head;
        DataNode cur = head.getNext();
        while (null != cur.getNext()) {
            DataNode tmp = cur.getNext();
            cur.setNext(pre);
            pre = cur;
            cur = tmp;
        }
        cur.setNext(pre);
        head.setNext(null);
        return cur;
    }

4.借助stack實現

考慮到stack具有先進后出這一特性,因此可以借助於stack數據結構來實現單向鏈表的反轉。

/**
     * 方法3 利用其他數據結構 stack 
     * @param head
     * @return
     */
    public static DataNode reverse3(DataNode head) {
        Stack<DataNode> stack = new Stack<DataNode>();
        for (DataNode node = head; null != node; node = node.getNext()) {
            stack.add(node);
        }
        DataNode reHead = stack.pop();
        DataNode cur = reHead;
        while(!stack.isEmpty()){
            cur.setNext(stack.pop());
            cur = cur.getNext();
            cur.setNext(null);
        }
        return reHead;
    }

上述實現方法在於操作簡單,對於算法並不精通的同學可以嘗試。缺點在於需要通過其他數據結構實現,效率會降低,至於效率會降低到什么程度,后面舉例說明。

5.三種實現方式效率分析

    public static void main(String... strings) {
        int size = 10;
        
        DataChain chain1 = new DataChain(size);
        printChain(chain1.getHead());
        long reverse1_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        DataNode reNode1 = reverse1(chain1.getHead());
        long reverse1_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse1_start;
        printChain(reNode1);
        System.out.println("reverse1 cost time is ["+reverse1_cost+"]ms");
        
        DataChain chain2 = new DataChain(size);
        printChain(chain2.getHead());
        long reverse2_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        DataNode reNode2 = reverse2(chain2.getHead());
        long reverse2_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse2_start;
        printChain(reNode2);
        System.out.println("reverse2 cost time is ["+reverse2_cost+"]ms");
        
        DataChain chain3 = new DataChain(size);
        printChain(chain3.getHead());
        long reverse3_start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        DataNode reNode3 = reverse3(chain3.getHead());
        long reverse3_cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - reverse3_start;
        printChain(reNode3);
        System.out.println("reverse3 cost time is ["+reverse3_cost+"]ms");
    }

執行結果:

0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse1 cost time is [0]ms
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse2 cost time is [0]ms
0 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9
9 -> 8 -> 7 -> 6 -> 5 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0
reverse3 cost time is [1]ms

在上述代碼基礎上,去掉打印輸出,將size改為10000,結果如下:

reverse1 cost time is [1]ms
reverse2 cost time is [0]ms
reverse3 cost time is [6]ms

可以看出reverse2 明顯優於其他兩種實現方法。考慮到reverse1最多只支持12000,因此將size改為100000時,再觀察reverse2和reverse3之間的執行結果:

reverse2 cost time is [6]ms
reverse3 cost time is [25]ms

因此可以看出,最好的方法是采用遍歷的方式進行反轉。


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