Domain Socket本地進程間通信

socket API原本是為網絡通訊設計的，但后來在socket的框架上發展出一種IPC機
制，就是UNIX Domain Socket。雖然網絡socket也可用於同一台主機的進程間通訊（通過
loopback地址127.0.0.1），但是UNIX Domain Socket用於IPC更有效率：不需要經過網絡協
議棧，不需要打包拆包、計算校驗和、維護序號和應答等，只是將應用層數據從一個進程拷
貝到另一個進程。這是因為，IPC機制本質上是可靠的通訊，而網絡協議是為不可靠的通訊
設計的。UNIX Domain Socket也提供面向流和面向數據包兩種API接口，類似於TCP和UDP，
但是面向消息的UNIX Domain Socket也是可靠的，消息既不會丟失也不會順序錯亂。
UNIX Domain Socket是全雙工的，API接口語義豐富，相比其它IPC機制有明顯的優越
性，目前已成為使用最廣泛的IPC機制，比如X Window服務器和GUI程序之間就是通過UNIX
Domain Socket通訊的。
使用UNIX Domain Socket的過程和網絡socket十分相似，也要先調用socket()創
建一個socket文件描述符，address family指定為AF_UNIX，type可以選擇SOCK_DGRAM或

SOCK_STREAM，protocol參數仍然指定為0即可。
UNIX Domain Socket與網絡socket編程最明顯的不同在於地址格式不同，用結構體
sockaddr_un表示，網絡編程的socket地址是IP地址加端口號，而UNIX Domain Socket的地
址是一個socket類型的文件在文件系統中的路徑，這個socket文件由bind()調用創建，如果
調用bind()時該文件已存在，則bind()錯誤返回。
以下程序將UNIX Domain socket綁定到一個地址。

 

size = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(un.sun_path);
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((int)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

server

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define QLEN 10
/*
* Create a server endpoint of a connection.
* Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error.
*/
int serv_listen(const char *name)
{
int fd, len, err, rval;
struct sockaddr_un un;
/* create a UNIX domain stream socket */
if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
return(-1);
unlink(name); /* in case it already exists 否則bind的時候會出錯*/
/* fill in socket address structure */
memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(un.sun_path, name);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(name);
/* bind the name to the descriptor 會創建name*/
if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0) {
rval = -2;
goto errout;
}
if (listen(fd, QLEN) < 0) { /* tell kernel we're a server */
rval = -3;
goto errout;
}
return(fd);
errout:
err = errno;
close(fd);
errno = err;
return(rval);
}
int serv_accept(int listenfd, uid_t *uidptr)
{
int clifd, len, err, rval;
time_t staletime;
struct sockaddr_un un;
struct stat statbuf;
len = sizeof(un);
if ((clifd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, &len)) < 0)
return(-1); /* often errno=EINTR, if signal caught */
/* obtain the client's uid from its calling address */
len -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path); /* len of pathname */
un.sun_path[len] = 0; /* null terminate */
if (stat(un.sun_path, &statbuf) < 0) {
rval = -2;
goto errout;
}
if (S_ISSOCK(statbuf.st_mode) == 0) {
rval = -3; /* not a socket */
goto errout;
}
if (uidptr != NULL)
*uidptr = statbuf.st_uid; /* return uid of caller */
unlink(un.sun_path); /* we're done with pathname now */
return(clifd);
errout:
err = errno;
close(clifd);
errno = err;
return(rval);
}
int main(void)
{
int lfd, cfd, n, i;
uid_t cuid;
char buf[1024];
lfd = serv_listen("foo.socket");
if (lfd < 0) {
switch (lfd) {
case -3:perror("listen"); break;
case -2:perror("bind"); break;
case -1:perror("socket"); break;
}
exit(-1);
}
cfd = serv_accept(lfd, &cuid);
if (cfd < 0) {
switch (cfd) {
case -3:perror("not a socket"); break;
case -2:perror("a bad filename"); break;
case -1:perror("accept"); break;
}
exit(-1);
}
while (1) {
r_again:
n = read(cfd, buf, 1024);
if (n == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto r_again;
}
else if (n == 0) {
printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
break;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
write(cfd, buf, n);
}
close(cfd);
close(lfd);
return 0;
}

 

client

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define CLI_PATH "/var/tmp/" /* +5 for pid = 14 chars */
/*
* Create a client endpoint and connect to a server.
* Returns fd if all OK, <0 on error.
*/
int cli_conn(const char *name)
{
int fd, len, err, rval;
struct sockaddr_un un;
/* create a UNIX domain stream socket */
if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
return(-1);
/* fill socket address structure with our address */
memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
sprintf(un.sun_path, "%s%05d", CLI_PATH, getpid());
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(un.sun_path);
unlink(un.sun_path); /* in case it already exists */
if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0) {
rval = -2;
goto errout;
}
/* fill socket address structure with server's address */
memset(&un, 0, sizeof(un));
un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(un.sun_path, name);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(name);
if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&un, len) < 0) {
rval = -4;
goto errout;
}
return(fd);
errout:
err = errno;
close(fd);
errno = err;
return(rval);
}
int main(void)
{
int fd, n;
char buf[1024];
fd = cli_conn("foo.socket");
if (fd < 0) {
switch (fd) {
case -4:perror("connect"); break;
case -3:perror("listen"); break;
case -2:perror("bind"); break;
case -1:perror("socket"); break;
}
exit(-1);
}
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL) {
write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}