Postgresql簡介
官方網站：https://www.postgresql.org/
簡介參考zhihu文章 https://www.zhihu.com/question/20010554
關於框架+DB的一些性能參考性能測試（僅供參考） http://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r15&hw=ph&test=fortune
一、更新rpm源
1、打開官網https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php
2、復制上圖鏈接添加rpm源
$ yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
3、查看可以安裝的postgresql版本，此命令會稍微慢一些
$ yum list | grep postgresql
二、安裝postgresql
1、注意下安裝版本
yum install postgresql11-contrib postgresql11-server -y
以下是安裝日志
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql11-contrib x86_64 11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 616 k
postgresql11-server x86_64 11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 4.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
libicu x86_64 50.1.2-17.el7 base 6.9 M
libxslt x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 242 k
postgresql11 x86_64 11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 1.7 M
postgresql11-libs x86_64 11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg11 360 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 14 M
Installed size: 55 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 242 kB 00:00:00
(2/6): libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg11/packages/postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
Public key for postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(3/6): postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 616 kB 00:01:03
(4/6): postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 360 kB 00:00:55
postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG FAILED 2.6 kB/s | 9.4 MB 00:32:32 ETA
https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
(5/6): postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:06:11
(6/6): postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:06:45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 19 kB/s | 14 MB 00:12:57
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"
Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
Package : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.noarch (installed)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/6
Installing : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64 2/6
Installing : postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 3/6
Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 4/6
Installing : postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 5/6
Installing : postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
postgresql11-contrib.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql11-server.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7
Dependency Installed:
libicu.x86_64 0:50.1.2-17.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7
postgresql11.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql11-libs.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7
Complete!
查看是否安裝成功
rpm -aq| grep postgres
安裝成功后Postgresql安裝目錄是/usr/pgsql-11 文件目錄是 /var/lib/pgsql/11/data 如圖：
2、初始化數據庫
$ /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
3、設置自動啟動，並查看啟動狀態
$ systemctl enable postgresql-11
$ systemctl start postgresql-11
$ systemctl status postgresql-11
三、配置postgresql
1、登錄postgresql並設置密碼
su - postgres
進入數據庫
psql
更改密碼
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'
退出，並並切換回root賬戶，重新輸入密碼即可
\q
su root
2、修改訪問策略，默認是不允許遠程登錄
搜索pg_hba.conf文件
find / -name pg_hba.conf
復制文件路徑修改pg_hba.conf
vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf
ADDRESS：修改為samenet(匹配服務器所在子網中的任何地址) 或 0.0.0.0/0 (任意IP地址) 或 指定的IP地址
METHOD：修改為trust (可信任)
3、修改遠程訪問IP
搜索postgresql.conf文件
find / -name postgresql.conf
復制文件路徑用vim修改，取消listen_addresses前面的#注釋，並修改地址為* (所有IP) 或者線上外網IP地址，如圖
線上環境#port = 5432最好取消注釋，端口一並調整
vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf
4、重啟postgresql-11
systemctl restart postgresql-11
四、連接postgresql
1、如果是阿里雲服務器記得打開對應的端口，否則無法連接，如果是虛擬機測試環境可忽略
2、注意檢查下防火牆是否開啟&端口是否打開，也會影響遠程連接
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5432/tcp
systemctl restart firewalld
3、連接測試
navicat 官網自行下載https://www.navicat.com.cn/
pgadmin 官網自行下載https://www.pgadmin.org/download/
