fdisk
是Linux下常用的磁盤分區工具。受mbr分區表的限制,fdisk工具只能給小於2TB的磁盤划分分區。如果使用fdisk對大於2TB的磁盤進行分區,雖然可以分區,但其僅識別2TB的空間,所以磁盤容量若超過2TB,就要使用parted分區工具(后面會講)進行分區。
fdisk [選項] [設備名]
-l 顯示所有磁盤分區的信息
[root@cs6 ~]# fdisk -l #<==查看當前系統所有磁盤的分區信息。 Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes #<==磁盤/dev/sda的大小。 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders #<==255個虛擬磁頭,63個扇區/磁道,3916 個柱面。 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes #<==一個柱面大小8225280 bytes。 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #<==每個扇區的字節數。 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes #<==每次讀寫的字節數。 Disk identifier: 0x0001038a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cs6-lv_root: 28.5 GB, 28462546944 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3460 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cs6-lv_swap: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device:分區,這里有二個分區; Boot:啟動分區,用*表示的是啟動分區; Start;表示開始的柱面: End:表示結束的在面; Blocks:block 塊數量; Id:分區類型Id; System:分區類型。
在虛擬機(VMware Workstation Pro)模擬磁盤分區實戰
步驟1:先在虛擬機關機狀態下添加一塊1GB硬盤,若是在開機狀態下添加,則需要重啟系統。
步驟2:重啟系統后查看添加的磁盤。
[root@cs6 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes #<==剛剛新添加的硬盤名為sdb,是第二塊盤。 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 還可以直接指定特定分區查看信息。 [root@cs6 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
步驟3:交互式分區實踐。
[root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sd* #<=需查看分區前設備的狀態。 /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb [root@cs6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #<==不加參數,直接接設備名就可以分區。 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x34d8eef3. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to #<==提示使用-c關閉dos兼容模式。 sectors (command 'u'). #<==提示-u參數使用扇區為單位分區。 Command (m for help): m #<= m是幫助,需要人工輸入m后回車, Command action a toggle a bootable flag #<==設置引導扇區。 b edit bsd disklabel #<==編輯bsd卷標。 c toggle the dos compatibility flag #<==設置dos兼容扇區。 d delete a partition #<==刪除一個分區。 l list known partition types #<==查看分區類型對應編號列表。 m print this menu #<==打印幫助菜單。 n add a new partition #<==新建一個分區。 o create a new empty DOS partition table #<==創建一個新的空DOS分區表, p print the partition table #<==打印分區表。 q quit without saving changes #<==退出不保存更改 s create a new empty Sun disklabel #<==創建新的空 sun卷標。 t change a partition's system id #<==更改分區系統id。 u change display/entry units #<==改變顯示/條目的單位。 v verify the partition table #<==驗證分區表。 w write table to disk and exit #<==將操作寫入分區表並退出程序。 x extra functionality (experts only) #<==額外的功能。 Command (m for help): n #<==新建一個分區,需要人工輸入n后回車。 Command action e extended #<==創建擴展分區。 p primary partition (1-4) #<==創建主分區(編號1-4)。 p Partition number (1-4): 1 #<==設置分區編號為1,需要人工輸入1后回車。 First cylinder (1-130, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-130, default 130): +100M #<==設置結束柱面(130)或分區大小(+100M),因為要划分出指定大小的分區,所以常用+100M這種方法,如果分區時使用fdisk -cu /dev/sdb,則這里就會使用扇區為單位來進行分區。 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) 2 Invalid partition number for type `2' Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (15-130, default 15): Using default value 15 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130): Using default value 130 #<==按回車鍵,默認設置結束柱而號130。 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) #<=分了擴展分區,這里自動變為邏輯分區。 p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 No free sectors available #<==不能再創建主分區,沒有磁盤空間了。 #<==再新建一個分區。 Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (15-130, default 15): #<=按回車鍵,開始柱面號為15。 Using default value 15 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-130, default 130): +400M #<==設置分區大小為400MB Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 15 66 417658+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): n #<==新建一個分區。 Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l #<==再新建一個邏輯分區。 First cylinder (67-130, default 67): Using default value 67 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (67-130, default 130): Using default value 130 Command (m for help): p #<==打印分區表。 Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 15 130 931770 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 15 66 417658+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 67 130 514048+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w #<==將操作寫入分區表生效並退出程序。 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@cs6 ~]# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 [root@cs6 ~]# [root@cs6 ~]# yum -y install parted [root@cs6 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb #<==執行該命令通知內核分區表已更改,此步是不重啟讓分區表生效的命令。
步驟4:格式化磁盤。
[root@cs6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #<==只有格式化后的磁盤才能掛載到系統中使用,后面將會詳細講解mkfs.ext4命令。 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) 文件系統標簽= 操作系統:Linux 塊大小=1024 (log=0) 分塊大小=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 28112 inodes, 112420 blocks 5621 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一個數據塊=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008 14 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2008 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 正在寫入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@cs6 ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1 #<=執行這個命令可以避免磁盤掛載自動檢查磁盤,后面將會講解tune2fs命令。 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Setting maximal mount count to -1
步驟5:掛載磁盤分區。
[root@cs6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab #<==最后一行加入,要開機自動掛載磁盤就要加入/etc/fstab或將上面的mount命令放入/etc/rc.local中。 /dev/sdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0 [root@cs6 ~]# vi /etc/rc.local #<==或者編輯/etc/rc.local,最后一行加入,兩種方法二選一。 mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
步驟6:其他事項。
用交互指令d刪除分區時要小心,看好分區的序號,如果刪除了擴展分區,那么擴展分區之下的邏輯分區都會刪除,所以操作時一定要小心。如果不小心操作錯了,直接使用交互指令q不保存退出,這樣先前的操作就會無效。如果輸入w(保存指令)則會保存所有修改。
[root@cs6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-6): 2 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34d8eef3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
fdsik 非交互式分區(批量分區案例)
以下是實現非交互式分區的代碼。
fdisk /dev/sdb <<EOF #<==也可以將下面的內容寫入文本文件,然后讀文本執行。 n P 1
+100M n e 2
n l +400 n l
p w EOF
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