Java如何實現導入Excel功能，親測有用！

最近開發項目，使用到了Excel導入導出功能，以防忘記，還是做下筆記——好記性不如爛筆頭！

首先在html頁面上，設置一個文件上傳的按鈕

<div>
 <button type="button" class="btn-btn" @click="uploadFile" style="margin-top: 5px;float: left">導入
 </button>
</div>

觸發點擊事件,這里使用layer mobile移動版插件，用來提示和顯示加載層，大數據傳輸，使用formData封裝，

var formData = new FormData();
formData.append("file", document.getElementById("upload").files[0]);

下面是js方法

//上傳Excel文件
//判斷文件是否存在,以及文件后綴名
uploadFile() {
    var file = $("#upload").val();
    file = file.substring(file.lastIndexOf('.'), file.length);
    if (file == '') {
        layer.open({
            content: '上傳文件不能為空！'
            , skin: 'msg'
            , time: 2 //2秒后自動關閉
        });
    } else if (file != '.xlsx' && file != '.xls') {
        layer.open({
            content: '請選擇正確的excel類型文件！'
            , skin: 'msg'
            , time: 2 //2秒后自動關閉
        });
    } else {
        this.ajaxFileUpload();
    }
},
//上傳文件請求
ajaxFileUpload() {
    var formData = new FormData();
    formData.append("file", document.getElementById("upload").files[0]);
    $.ajax({
        url: uploadExcelFielUrl,
        type: "POST",
        async: true,
        data: formData,
        processData: false, //需要這兩個設置
        contentType: false,
        beforeSend: function () {
            layer.open({
                type: 2
                , content: '文件上傳中，請稍候'
            });
        },
        success: function (data) {
            layer.closeAll();
            data = JSON.parse(data);
            if (data.state == 200) {
                layer.open({
                    content: data.message
                    , skin: 'msg'
                    , time: 1 //2秒后自動關閉
                });
                window.location.reload();
            } else {
                layer.open({
                    content: data.message
                    , skin: 'msg'
                    , time: 2 //2秒后自動關閉
                });
            }
        }
    });
}

java中Controller層接收文件，這里偷懶，在控制層操作數據，應該在服務層，畢竟服務層加了AOP事務，有兩條sql或以上都需要加事務.

@RequestMapping("InputExcel")
@ResponseBody
public ResultEntity InputExcel(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) {
    ResultEntity result = new ResultEntity();
    if (!file.isEmpty()) {
        try {
            //獲取原始的文件名
            String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
            //獲取文件類型
            String fileType = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".") + 1, originalFilename.length());
            //默認從第一行開始讀取
            Integer startRows = 1;
            //獲取輸入流
            InputStream is = file.getInputStream();
            List<DoorAntRel> bindingList = new ArrayList<>();
            List<Bookcase> bookcaseList = new ArrayList<>();
            //Excel導入導出的單元類
            List<String[]> strings = ExcelUtil.readData(fileType, startRows, true, is);
            //遍歷Excel表每一行的數據
            for (String[] str : strings) {
                Bookcase bookcase = new Bookcase();
                DoorAntRel doorAntRel = new DoorAntRel();
                bookcase.setName(str[1]);
                bookcase.setType(str[2]);
                bookcase.setCom(Integer.parseInt(str[3]));
                doorAntRel.setDoorName(str[4]);
                doorAntRel.setDoorNo(Integer.parseInt(str[5]));
                doorAntRel.setAntennaNo(Integer.parseInt(str[6]));
                doorAntRel.setReadWriterId(Integer.parseInt(str[7]));
                doorAntRel.setBookcaseId(Integer.parseInt(str[8]));
                doorAntRel.setBadFlag(Integer.parseInt(str[9]));
                doorAntRel.setDoorSlot(Integer.parseInt(str[10]));
                bindingList.add(doorAntRel);
                bookcaseList.add(bookcase);
            }
            //將數據批量保存到數據庫，底層原理其實也是遍歷操作，可以自己寫循環插入或修改，我這里使用了Mybatis plus插件，所以有方法批量操作，自己寫也可以
            boolean bookState = bookcaseService.insertOrUpdateBatch(bookcaseList);
            boolean doorState = doorAntRelService.insertOrUpdateBatch(bindingList);
            if(bookState){
                if(doorState){
                    result.setState(HttpCode.SUCCESS);
                    result.setMessage("上傳文件成功！");
                    return result;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    result.setState(HttpCode.FAILED);
    result.setMessage("上傳文件失敗！");
    return result;
}

ExcelUtils類，這個網上有很多版本，下載一個，導入到自己的項目，根據ExcelUtils需要的參數，而做不同的操作，上面貼的代碼則是根據我這個ExcelUtils寫的，我個人覺得我這個ExcelUtils不太安全，但是簡單

package com.ilas.bookcase.common.utils;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class ExcelUtil {

    public static void createExcel(List<String> header, List<String[]> data, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
        // 創建一個Excel文件
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        // 創建一個工作表
        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("sheet1");
        // 添加表頭行
        HSSFRow hssfRow = sheet.createRow(0);
        // 設置單元格格式居中
        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

        // 添加表頭內容
        for (int i = 0; i < header.size(); i++) {
            HSSFCell headCell = hssfRow.createCell(i);
            headCell.setCellValue(header.get(i));
            headCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
        }

        // 添加數據內容
        for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
            String[] strings = data.get(i);
            hssfRow = sheet.createRow(i + 1);
            for (int j = 0; j < strings.length; j++) {
                HSSFCell cell = hssfRow.createCell(j);
                cell.setCellValue(strings[j]);
                cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
            }
        }
        //單元格自適應
        sheet.autoSizeColumn(2,true); 
        // 保存Excel文件
        workbook.write(out);
    }

    public static void createExcel(String title,List<String> header, List<String[]> data, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
        // 創建一個Excel文件
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        // 創建一個工作表
        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("sheet1");
        // 添加表頭行
        HSSFRow hssfRow = sheet.createRow(0);
        HSSFCell cellTitle = hssfRow.createCell(0);
        // 設置標題外的單元格格式居中
        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        //設置標題的樣式
        HSSFCellStyle titleCellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        titleCellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        titleCellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        //設置標題字體的樣式
        HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);//設置字體大小
        titleCellStyle.setFont(font);
        //標題設置(四個參數分別表示起始行，終止行，起始列，終止列)
        cellTitle.setCellValue(title);
        int lastCol = header.size() > 1 ? header.size() : 2;
        CellRangeAddress region1 = new CellRangeAddress(0, 1, (short) 0, (short) lastCol - 1);
        sheet.addMergedRegion(region1);
        hssfRow = sheet.createRow(1);
        hssfRow = sheet.createRow(2);
        cellTitle.setCellStyle(titleCellStyle);
        // 添加表頭內容
        for (int i = 0; i < header.size(); i++) {
            HSSFCell headCell = hssfRow.createCell(i);
            headCell.setCellValue(header.get(i));
            headCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
        }

        // 添加數據內容
        for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
            String[] strings = data.get(i);
            hssfRow = sheet.createRow(i + 3);
            for (int j = 0; j < strings.length; j++) {
                HSSFCell cell = hssfRow.createCell(j);
                cell.setCellValue(strings[j]);
                cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
            }
        }

        // 保存Excel文件
        workbook.write(out);
    }

    /**
     * 讀取Excel的內容
     *
     * @param fileType 文件類型，xls或xlsx
     * @param startRows 開始讀取行數，比喻行頭不需要讀入 忽略的行數為1
     * @param ignoreRowBlank 是否忽略空行
     * @param is 文件輸入流
     * @return 讀出的Excel中數據的內容
     * @throws IOException duxxxxx
     */
    public static List<String[]> readData(String fileType, int startRows, boolean ignoreRowBlank, InputStream is) throws IOException {
        List<String[]> result = new ArrayList<>();

        Workbook wb = readExcel(fileType, is);
        for (int sheetIndex = 0; sheetIndex < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); sheetIndex++) {
            Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(sheetIndex);

            for (int rowIndex = startRows, z = sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowIndex <= z; rowIndex++) {
                Row row = sheet.getRow(rowIndex);
                if (row == null) {
                    continue;
                }

                int rowSize = row.getLastCellNum();
                String[] values = new String[rowSize];
                boolean hasValue = false;
                for (int columnIndex = 0; columnIndex < rowSize; columnIndex++) {
                    String value = "";
                    Cell cell = row.getCell(columnIndex);
                    if (cell != null) {
                        // 注意：一定要設成這個，否則可能會出現亂碼,后面版本默認設置
                        switch (cell.getCellType()) {
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
                                value = cell.getStringCellValue();
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                                if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                                    Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
                                    if (date != null) {
                                        value = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")
                                                .format(date);
                                    } else {
                                        value = "";
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    //value = new DecimalFormat("0").format(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                                    if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                                        value = String.valueOf(cell.getDateCellValue());
                                    } else {
                                        cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                        String temp = cell.getStringCellValue();
                                        // 判斷是否包含小數點，如果不含小數點，則以字符串讀取，如果含小數點，則轉換為Double類型的字符串
                                        if (temp.indexOf(".") > -1) {
                                            value = String.valueOf(new Double(temp)).trim();
                                        } else {
                                            value = temp.trim();
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
                                // 導入時如果為公式生成的數據則無值
                                if (!cell.getStringCellValue().equals("")) {
                                    value = cell.getStringCellValue();
                                } else {
                                    value = cell.getNumericCellValue() + "";
                                }
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
                                value = "";
                                break;
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                                value = (cell.getBooleanCellValue() == true ? "Y"

                                        : "N");
                                break;
                            default:
                                value = "";
                        }
                    }
                    values[columnIndex] = value;
                    if (!value.isEmpty()) {
                        hasValue = true;
                    }
                }
                if (!ignoreRowBlank || hasValue) {//不為忽略空行模式或不為空行
                    result.add(values);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    //讀取excel
    private static Workbook readExcel(String fileType, InputStream is) throws IOException {
        if ("xls".equals(fileType)) {
            return new HSSFWorkbook(is);
        } else if ("xlsx".equals(fileType)) {
            return new XSSFWorkbook(is);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持的文件類型，僅支持xls和xlsx");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 去掉字符串右邊的空格
     *
     * @param str 要處理的字符串
     * @return 處理后的字符串
     */
    private static String rightTrim(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return "";
        }
        int length = str.length();
        for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (str.charAt(i) != 0x20) {
                break;
            }
            length--;
        }
        return str.substring(0, length);
    }
}