Linux - 修改內核啟動順序及刪除無用內核

現象：
CentOS7開機啟動界面顯示多個內核選項

原因：
正常情況下，有兩個啟動項，一個是“正常啟動”，另一個是“救援模式啟動”（rescue）。
如果啟動項多於2個，說明當前系統有舊內核未刪除。原因是CentOS更新后不會自動刪除舊內核。
默認以新內核啟動，可以在啟動選項中臨時選擇，也可以修改配置永久指定。

示例：修改默認啟動的內核

[root@CentOS-7 ~]# uname -r   # 查看當前內核版本
3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep "menuentry "  # 查看所有可用內核
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# grub2-editenv list  # 查看內核修改結果
saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 

 

示例：刪除無用內核

[root@CentOS-7 ~]# uname -r   # 查看當前內核版本
3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# rpm -qa |grep kernel-[0-9]  # 查看全部內核包
kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# yum remove kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64  # 刪除指定的無用內核
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                              Version                                      Repository                            Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 kernel                            x86_64                            3.10.0-327.el7                               @anaconda                            136 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 136 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64                                                                                                              1/1 
  Verifying  : kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64                                                                                                              1/1 

Removed:
  kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.el7                                                                                                                             

Complete!
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# rpm -qa |grep kernel-[0-9]  # 查看全部內核包
kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# 
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep "menuentry "
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#