Ubuntu 18.04 安裝 mysql 的過程中，竟然沒有讓你輸入秘密？！（之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 下，安裝過程中會詢問密碼），這導致安裝完 mysql 初始秘密不知道的問題。
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.7
解決方法如下：
1）安裝完成后，會生成文件 /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ，初始用戶名和秘密如下 (這里密碼是隨機的)
$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf # Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH! [client] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysql_upgrade] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
2）使用這個用戶名和秘密登陸 mysql
$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u debian-sys-maint -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
3）然后做如下操作（這里設置秘密為 1，讀者請自行設置自己的密碼）
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('1') where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> update user set plugin='mysql_native_password';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
4）重新啟動 mysql
$ sudo service mysql restart
5）之后就可以使用 root 登陸了
$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
6）檢查默認字符編碼
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
將其改為 utf8，打開 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf，在最后添加一句，
character-set-server=utf8
重新啟動 mysql，
$ sudo service mysql restart
再次查看字符編碼，
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
7）使用 mycli 自動補全
默認 mysql 命令行登陸后，輸入命令不會提示及自動補全，非常麻煩，通過使用 mycli 自動補全會方便很多。
安裝如下，
$ sudo pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mycli
使用 mycli 啟動數據庫連接，
$ mycli -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p ******** ( here your DB password)
8) 安裝 mysql 的 python 借口 mysqlclient (Django 對此接口的支持比 mysql-connector-python 好)
$ sudo apt-get install default-libmysqlclient-dev $ sudo pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mysqlclient
本文參考網友博客：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38737992/article/details/81090373