談到微服務的話題，技術上我們往往會涉及到多服務、多容器的部署與管理。
Docker 有三個主要的作用：Build, Ship和Run。使用docker compose我們可以在Run的層面解決很多實際問題，如：通過創建compose(基於YUML語法)文件，在這個文件上面描述應用的架構，如使用什么鏡像、數據卷、網絡、綁定服務端口等等，然后再用一條命令就可以管理所有的服務（如啟動、停止、重啟、日志監控等等）。
本文通過發布3個APP(App1,App2,App3），來演示Docker在服務發布、網絡、共享分區以及信息隔離與連通方面的工作：
1.安裝Compose:
[root@docker ~]# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.9.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.9.0, build 2585387
docker-py version: 1.10.6
CPython version: 2.7.9
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t 3 May 20162.服務物理框架
說明：
a.Container1和2共在一個network namespace（netName1)內，Container3獨立network namespace(netName2)
b.Container1掛載了一個系統卷（/opt/conf)到/mnt
c.Container3掛載了一個系統卷（./app/web)到/usr/share/nginx/html
c.Container1,2,3 nginx監聽端口分別為:8080,8081,8082
3.docker-compose.yml 內容
[root@docker compose]# more docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
App1:
image: nginx
ports:
- "8080:80"
networks:
- "netName1"
volumes:
- /opt/conf/:/mnt
App2:
image: nginx
ports:
- "8081:80"
networks:
- "netName1"
volumes:
- /opt/conf/:/mnt
App3:
image: nginx
ports:
- "8082:80"
networks:
- "netName2"
networks:
netName1:
driver: bridge
netName2:
driver: bridge
4.運行
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose up
Creating network "compose_netName1" with driver "bridge"
Creating network "compose_netName2" with driver "bridge"
Creating volume "compose_vol1" with local driver
Creating compose_App2_1
Creating compose_App1_1
Creating compose_App3_1在后台運行：[root@docker compose]# docker-compose up -d
5.查看容器運行狀態
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
compose_App1_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp
compose_App2_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp
compose_App3_1 nginx -g daemon off; Up 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp其他命令：
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose restart #重啟所有容器
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose restart App1 #重啟App1
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose stop #停止所有容器
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose stop App1 #停止App16.驗證網絡隔離：
a.到App1 ping App2
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App1 bash
root@dd01fa7315ae:/# ping App2
PING App2 (172.18.0.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.108 ms
64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms
64 bytes from 172.18.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms成功ping通
b.到App2 ping App1和App3
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App2 bash
root@1905b2a875e3:/# ping App1
PING App1 (172.18.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.089 ms
64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.085 msApp2 to App3-成功
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App3 bash
root@595f744e8634:/# ping App1
PING App1 (172.31.213.13): 56 data bytes
....#App3 to App1失敗
root@595f744e8634:/# ping App2
PING App2 (172.31.213.13): 56 data bytes
....#App3 to App2失敗
7.驗證共享卷
a. 在host /opt/conf/ 目錄下新建nginx.conf 文件
[root@docker conf]# pwd
/opt/conf
[root@docker conf]# touch nginx.conf b.登錄到App1 和App2查看
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App1 bash
root@49d702fc8606:/# cd /mmt
root@49d702fc8606:/mnt# ls
nginx.conf#成功掛載
[root@docker compose]# docker-compose exec App2 bash
root@1d161428d4dd:/# cd /mnt
root@1d161428d4dd:/mnt# ls
nginx.conf#成功掛載c. 在App3中掛載文件到nginx
修改docker-compose.yml App3:
App3:
image: nginx
volumes:
- ./app/web/:/usr/share/nginx/html ports:
- "8082:80" networks:
- "netName2"在host ./app/web 中添加 app3.html
[root@docker web]# app3.html
[root@docker web]# ls
app3.html
[root@docker web]# more app3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Welcome to leonyan's home, this is app3</title>
</head>
<body>
Welcome to leonyan's home, this is app3!
</body>
</html>
[root@docker compose]# cd app/web/
訪問App3 nginx：
8.總結
本文演示了通過 Docker Compose進行多容器創建，以及容器間服務的管理，如網絡隔離、卷數據共享。以及對容器的日常管理。