jq命令允許直接在命令行下對JSON進行操作,包括分片、過濾、轉換等 ,jq是用C編寫,沒有運行時依賴,所以幾乎可以運行在任何系統上。預編譯的二進制文件可以直接在Linux、OS X和windows系統上運行,當然在linux和OS X系統你需要賦與其可執行權限;在linux系統中也可以直接用yum安裝。
下載地址 https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/
本文主要介紹其使用,默認是已經安裝好的,沒有安裝的,請自行安裝。
現在先准備json串,如下kumufengchun.json:
{"name":"kumufengchun","age":"18","city":"beijing","email":"kumufengchun@gmail.com","date":"Thursday","country":"China","company":["baidu","google","alibaba"]}"
如下test.json:
[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]
1.用jq .直接查看
jq . kumufengchun.json
或者
cat kumufengchun.json | jq .
輸出如下:
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq . { "name": "kumufengchun", "age": "18", "city": "beijing", "email": "kumufengchun@gmail.com", "date": "Thursday", "country": "China", "company": [ "baidu", "google", "alibaba" ] }
是已經格式化的json數據串,在linux系統下還高光顯示,key和value用不同的顏色表示,如下圖:
2.輸出某個字段或者某個索引的值
語法:jq '.<key>' ,這里key是字段名稱
[root@localhost ~]$ jq .name kumufengchun.json "kumufengchun" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.name' kumufengchun.json "kumufengchun" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company' kumufengchun.json [ "baidu", "google", "alibaba" ]
3.輸出數組的值
語法:jq '.[<value>]' ,這里value是數組的索引整數值
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[1]' kumufengchun.json "google" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[2]' kumufengchun.json "alibaba"
4.輸出列表、數組的一部分,對其進行切片
語法:jq '.<list-key>[s:e]',返回的是數組或者列表的index從s開始(包括s)到e結束(不包括e)
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[0:2]' kumufengchun.json [ "baidu", "google" ]
也可以省略開始的index,只有結束的index,如下,仍然是不包括結束index的值:
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[:3]' kumufengchun.json [ "baidu", "google", "alibaba" ]
也可以省略結束的index,只有開始的index,如下,輸出到最后:
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[1:]' kumufengchun.json [ "google", "alibaba" ]
開始的索引也可以是負數,表示從后邊倒着數,從-1開始數:
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[-2:]' kumufengchun.json [ "google", "alibaba" ]
5.循環輸出所有的值,如數組嵌套
語法:jq '.[]'
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]' test.json { "name": "JSON", "good": true } { "name": "XML", "good": false } [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]' kumufengchun.json "kumufengchun" "18" "beijing" "kumufengchun@gmail.com" "Thursday" "China" [ "baidu", "google", "alibaba" ]
6.輸出多個索引的值,可以用逗號分割
語法: jq '.key1,.key2'
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.name,.age' kumufengchun.json "kumufengchun" "18"
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.date,.company[]' kumufengchun.json "Thursday" "baidu" "google" "alibaba"
如果是數組,用中括號括起來要輸出的鍵值,鍵值先寫誰,先輸出誰
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[2,0]' kumufengchun.json "alibaba" "baidu"
7.用管道符號|可以對其進行再次處理
語法:jq .[] | .<key1>
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]|.name' test.json "JSON" "XML"
8.括號的作用
[root@localhost ~]$ echo 1 | jq '(.+2)*5' 15
[root@localhost ~]$ echo {1,2,3} | jq '(.+2)*5' 15 20 25
9.length求長度,如果是字符串是求的字符串的長度,如果是數組則求得是數組的長度
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq '.[] | length' 12 2 7 22 8 5 3
10.輸出所有的keys
語法: jq keys
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'keys' [ "age", "city", "company", "country", "date", "email", "name" ]
輸出數組的keys:
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq '.company | keys' [ 0, 1, 2 ]
11.判斷存不存在某個鍵
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'has("email")' true [root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'has("address")' false
更多用法參見文檔 https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/#Invokingjq