HttpClient測試框架

HttpClient是模擬Http協議客戶端請求的一種技術，可以發送Get/Post等請求。 所以在學習HttpClient測試框架之前，先來看一下Http協議請求，主要看請求頭信息。

如何查看HTTP協議請求頭信息：  打開瀏覽器-->輸入任意一個網址-->按下F12 打開開發者工具-->Network-->刷新頁面，可以在Network看到有Get或者post請求的URL，點擊URL，可以看到該請求的Header/Cookies/Response等信息

例如我們打開www.baidu.com,查看它某個請求的信息，如下：

常用的請求頭和響應頭信息解釋：

下面通過一個簡單的例子學習HttpClient

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyHttpClient {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
           
            CookieStore cookieStore =   client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies =cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for(Cookie c :cookies) {//get Cookies info
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Run TestNG Test, 可以看到返回的result是HTML源碼。這個是通過HttpClient Get請求方法實現的簡單例子。下面結合Mock模擬數據，學習如何使用HttpClient。

Mock一個返回Cookies信息的請求：

{
   "description":"This get request with cookies return",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/getCookies",
       "method":"get"
   },
   "response":{
       "cookies":{
         "login":"true"
       },
       "text":"This is response with cookies"
   }
  }

具體如何Mock數據可以參考上一篇文章《Mock接口平台Moco學習》.

我們已經知道如何從服務端獲取 Cookie信息了，那下一步學習客戶端如何使用拿到的Cookie信息。

首先在Mock一個接口，這是攜帶/getCookies 接口返回的Cookies信息Get請求的接口：

{
   "description":"This is Get request with cookies",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/get/with/cookies",
       "method":"get",
       "cookies":{
          "login":"true"
       }
   },
   "response":{
       "text":"This is response for get request with cookies"
   }
 }

完整的代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyHttpClient {
    private CookieStore cookieStore;

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            cookieStore = client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for (Cookie c : cookies) {
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test(dependsOnMethods = { "test1" })
    public void testGetWithCookie() {
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/get/with/cookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        // Set cookie info
        client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            // get response status
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            // statusCode = 200 / 404 / 502.....
            System.out.println("Status = " + statusCode);
            if (statusCode == 200) {
                // Success
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("result=" + result);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

HttpClient Post請求的實現：

首先還是Mock一個post請求

{ 
   "description":"This is Post request with cookies",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/post/with/cookies",
       "method":"post",
       "cookies":{
          "login":"true"
       },
       "json":{
           "name":"zhangsan",
           "age":"18"
       }
   },
   "response":{
       "status":200,
       "json":{
          "zhangsan":"success",
           "status":"1"
       }
   }
  }

完整的Post請求代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyCookiesForPost {
    private CookieStore cookieStore;

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            cookieStore = client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for (Cookie c : cookies) {
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = { "test1" })
    public void testPostWithCookie() {
        //1. Define a client to excute
        //2. Define a post method
        //3. Add pamarater
        //4. Set request header info; set cookie inof
        //5. Execute
        //6. Get and handle Result
        //7. assert result
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8888/post/with/cookies");
        JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
        param.put("name", "zhangsan");
        param.put("age", "18");
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
        post.setEntity(entity);
        post.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
        client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
        try {
           HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            String  result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            JSONObject object = new JSONObject(result);
            System.out.println("zhangsan=" + object.getString("zhangsan"));
            System.out.println("status=" + object.getString("status"));
            String actualResult = object.getString("zhangsan");
            Assert.assertEquals(actualResult,"success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

代碼優化: 在實際的測試過程當中，我們一般不會直接將請求地址寫在請求對象當中。而是定義在配置文件中，然后在代碼中引用。具體用法如下。

創建一個.properties文件，如config.properties:

test.url=http://localhost:8888

然后在代碼中讀取該config.properties，並獲取相應的地址：

    private ResourceBundle bundle;
    private String url;
   
    @BeforeTest
    public void beforeTest() {
        bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("config");
        url = bundle.getString("test.url");
    }

以上是HttpClient的常見用法和其中一個優化方案。

 

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