springIOC原理加載過程


關於spring ,我以前學過很多次,也看過很多的書.以及博客,但是總是不得要領,這次我再學習一遍,在這里做點記錄,如果不對的地方還請大家指正

Ioc: inverse of controller 控制反轉 . 對象的創建權利由程序反轉給spring

什么是IOC容器呢?

  所謂的IOC容器是指的spring bean 工廠里面MAP存儲結構(存儲了bean的實例)

spring框架中的工廠有哪些?

  beanFactory 是spring早期創建bean對象工廠接口

  applicationContext()接口實現了beanFactory接口

  實現applicationContext接口的工廠,可以獲取到容器中具體bean對象

  實現了beanFactory接口的工廠也可以獲取到bean對象

l ApplicationContext和BeanFactory的區別?

 beanFactory采取的延遲加載,第一次getBean時才會初始化Bean

 applicationContext是加載完applicationContext.xml 就創建了具體的bean實例(只對BeanDefition中描述是單例的bean,才進行惡漢模式創建)

這里我們看到頂層都是繼承與beanfactory 我們常用的就是applicationContext

  applicationContext接口常用實現類

  • classpathXmlApplicationContext : 它是從類的跟路勁下加載配置文件,推薦使用這種
  • FileSystemXmlApplicationContext: 它是從磁盤上加載配置文件,配置文件可以在磁盤的任意位置
  • AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : 當我們使用注解配置容器對象時,需要使用此類來創建 spring 容器。它用來讀取注解。

IOC容器的創建方式

  java創建IOC容器

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xml路徑);

  web 創建IOC 容器:(重點要知道)

  • web服務器(tomcat)啟動會加載web.xml(啟動ContextLoaderListener監聽器):
  • public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
    
        public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
            super(context);
        }
    
    
        /**
      serveltContext域對象創建的時候調用這個方法
    * Initialize the root web application context. */ @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        //初始化web環境中的spring容器 initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); }
    /** * Close the root web application context. */ @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) { closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext()); } }

  

當我們點擊initWebApplicationContext方法中的時候會發現以下源碼

這個方法在contextLoader之中 也就是Contextloader創建spring容器並初始化spring bean實例

        try {
            // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
            // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
            if (this.context == null) {
          //這一步就是創建spring容器
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); }
//spring 容器初始化單例bean的實例 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } }
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext 方法中調用最終初始化Bean的refresh方法
    protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
        if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
            // The application context id is still set to its original default value
            // -> assign a more useful id based on available information
            String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
            if (idParam != null) {
                wac.setId(idParam);
            }
            else {
                // Generate default id...
                wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
                        ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
            }
        }

        wac.setServletContext(sc);
        String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
        if (configLocationParam != null) {
            wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
        }

        // The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
        // is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
        // use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
        ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
        if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
            ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
        }

        customizeContext(sc, wac);
//不管是web還是java環境都是會調用這個方法實例化bean
        wac.refresh();
    }

如果web.xml中沒有contextClass的元素,那么spring會找到自己的contextLoad.properties文件來加載

# Default WebApplicationContext implementation class for ContextLoader.
# Used as fallback when no explicit context implementation has been specified as context-param.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

IOC容器如何加載bean對象呢?

  跟着上面的refresh()方法我們來到他的源碼看看 

  源碼來自AbstractApplicationContext

  

@Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();
        //1. 創建真正的bean容器 ConfiurabaleBeanFactroy 

          //2.加載beandefiniton(描述要初始化的Bean的信息)

 
         

              //3.beandefiniton注冊到BeanDefitionRegistry

 
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

             //執行實現了BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的Bean

                  //比如PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer(context:property-placeholer)就是此處被調用的,替換掉BeanDefition中的占位符(${})中的內容

// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         //針對beandifition實例進行操作
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
        //主要針對bean實例進行操作的的,
             //比如容器自動裝載了一個AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor后置處理器(實現@Autowired注解功能) registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
      
          //初始化非懶加載方式的單例bean實例 自定的的java類 compent 之類的
          這里的單例可以用過 scope作用域來進行自定義
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } }

 總結:

  IOC 的原理有幾點

  什么是IOC?

  什么是spring容器(IOC容器)?

  如何創建spring容器?(java方式創建和webspring容器的創建方式)

  spring容器如何初始化(就是bean實例 初始化的過程)?

  DI介紹.

  什么是DI 依賴注入

  什么時候進行依賴注入?

  在beandefinition 實例化bean的時候,還未初始化屬性 這個時候就調用DI 通過set 或者 構造方式的注入

  @Autowired注解,它是如何生效的?就是在beanpostProcessor對bean處理的時候調用AutowiredBeanPostProcessor類 


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