hive -e執行出現「cannot recognize input near ' ' in select clause」問題

問題現象

寫了一個簡單的shell腳本調用hive執行組裝的sql，在執行時總是報cannot recognize input near '<EOF>' in select clause錯誤，
單獨在hive提示符下卻能正常執行。

#!/bin/bash
keyname="type"
sql=" 
select tags['$keyname'] from user_tags
"

echo ${sql}

hive -e ${sql}

執行時打印的錯誤日志：

select tags['$keyname'] from user_tags

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
NoViableAltException(-1@[])
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser_SelectClauseParser.selectClause(HiveParser_SelectClauseParser.java:1087)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.selectClause(HiveParser.java:45827)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.selectStatement(HiveParser.java:41495)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.regularBody(HiveParser.java:41402)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.queryStatementExpressionBody(HiveParser.java:40413)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.queryStatementExpression(HiveParser.java:40283)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.execStatement(HiveParser.java:1590)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.statement(HiveParser.java:1109)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.ParseDriver.parse(ParseDriver.java:202)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.ParseDriver.parse(ParseDriver.java:166)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.compile(Driver.java:396)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.compile(Driver.java:308)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.compileInternal(Driver.java:1122)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.runInternal(Driver.java:1170)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.run(Driver.java:1059)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.run(Driver.java:1049)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLocalCmd(CliDriver.java:213)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processCmd(CliDriver.java:165)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLine(CliDriver.java:376)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLine(CliDriver.java:311)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:708)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
FAILED: ParseException line 1:6 cannot recognize input near '<EOF>' '<EOF>' '<EOF>' in select clause

解決方案

修改hive -e ${sql}為hive -e "${sql}"

原因分析

若沒有使用雙引號進行包括，則"hive -e"會認為后面的sql內容解析為多個參數造成錯誤。而使用雙引號后，整個sql將作為一個單獨的參數傳給hive。