linux下nginx【反向代理】配置【負載均衡】配置

nginx 安裝過程略過，新手可參考 nginx安裝教程 本次主要記錄下nginx配置文件的設置過程

nginx 的 配置文件nginx.conf 可以配置多個端口：

 復制一個  server{   //code }  代碼塊  修改端口即可

 如下配置文件中 nginx 啟動后，可訪問以下兩個端口。

  修改后配置文件后 ，訪問  http://ip:10088  和 http://ip:10087 均可請求到nginx服務。

1、10088端口 配置反向代理，消除跨域問題。

  在 server { //code} 中添加如下代碼 則可以添加一個Tomcat 服務的反向代理。

  原始訪問tomcat 的路徑 為 http://ip:8582/ncms  在 nginx 配置文件中加入以下代碼 后，則可以通過 http://ip:10088/ncms  訪問到 tomcat的服務。

  這對於在一台服務器上發布多個tomcat時 統一的地址端口+不同項目，可以完美繞開跨域問題。 

 location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }

　　

2、10087端口 配置ip_hash模式的負載均衡，ip_hash可以繞開解決session共享的問題。

  目前許多應用均為多節點部署。

   例如：同一個java Web應用 部署了4個 Tomcat 服務，把tomcat原始訪問地址+端口配置成如下模式， weight為權重。

   以下配置模式表示  server 10.174.25.213:8582 weight=6 有60%的概率處理客戶端請求。

用ip_hash表示 客戶端的請求被分配到某一服務器上， 直到會話退出始終會請求該服務器，這樣用戶請求就不會再被分配到其他服務器導致 session 失效的問題。

 upstream tomcatsncms { server 10.174.25.213:8582 weight=6; server 10.174.25.45:8582  weight=1; server 10.174.25.48:8582  weight=1; server 10.174.25.49:8582  weight=1; ip_hash; }

在 server{ //code }中添加如下代碼 配置外網訪問的端口， 這樣 用戶再次請求  http://ip+10087/ncms 時 實際會去被分配到后台部署的4台server中去 ，

值得一提的是如果某一台tomcat服務器宕機或者停機維護，都不會影響正常服務。

負載均衡不僅分流的前台用戶的請求到不同的機器，而且如果某一個節點壞死會自動判斷把請求分流到正常的tomcat服務器上。

        location /ncms { proxy_pass http://tomcatsncms;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10087; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Via "nginx"; client_max_body_size 50m; }

 

附一份修改配置后完整的nginx.conf具體配置文件如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;


    upstream tomcatsncms {
    	server 10.174.25.213:8582 weight=6;
        server 10.174.25.45:8582  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.48:8582  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.49:8582  weight=1;
        ip_hash;

    }
    upstream tomcatsfir {
    	server 10.174.25.213:8583 weight=6;
        server 10.174.25.45:8583  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.48:8583  weight=1;
        server 10.174.25.49:8583  weight=1;
        ip_hash;
    }


    server {
        listen       10087;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatsncms;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10087;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
        location /fir {
            proxy_pass   http://tomcatsfir;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10087;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }


        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    server {
        listen       10088;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /ncms {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
        location /fir {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }
         location /docs {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1:8582;
            proxy_set_header Host $host:10088;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Via "nginx";
            client_max_body_size    50m;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }







    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}