Scrapy 框架 中間件 代理IP 提高效率

中間件

• 攔截請求跟響應
• 進行ua(User-Agent ) 偽裝 代理 IP

中間件位置:

1. 引擎 和下載器 中間 的中間件 ( 下載中間件)

2. 引擎 跟 spider 中間 的中間件 ( 爬蟲中間件)(不常用)

下載中間件中的ua 偽裝

• 下載中間件可以攔截調度器發送給下載器的請求。可以將請求的相應信息進行篡改，主要可以通過攔截請求修改請求的ip

• 在settings 中開啟下載中間件

  DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
     'postPro.middlewares.PostproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
  }
  
  

• process_request()

• 更改中間件中的 : ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

• 使用 UA 池

      user_agent_list = [
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
          "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
          "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
      ]
  

  #攔截所有的正常的請求對象
  def process_request(self, request, spider):
      #可以攔截到所有的響應對象
      request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
  

代理IP

• process_exception(self, request,)

  ip列表

      PROXY_http = [
          '153.180.102.104:80',
          '195.208.131.189:56055',
      ]
      PROXY_https = [
          '120.83.49.90:9000',
          '95.189.112.214:35508',
      ]
  

• 使用 ip代理池:

  # request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://ip/port'
  
  # 判斷請求協議頭
  #攔截的是發生異常的請求對象
  def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
      #設置代理ip
      if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http':
          request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_http)
      else:
          request.meta['proxy'] = 'https://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_https)
  

  • 驗證 使用 百度查詢 請求ip 地址

提高scrapy 爬取效率

修改的 配置項