spring監聽機制——觀察者模式的應用


使用方法

spring監聽模式需要三個組件:

1. 事件,需要繼承ApplicationEvent,即觀察者模式中的"主題",可以看做一個普通的bean類,用於保存在事件監聽器的業務邏輯中需要的一些字段;

2. 事件監聽器,需要實現ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent>,即觀察者模式中的"觀察者",在主題發生變化時收到通知,並作出相應的更新,加泛型表示只監聽某種類型的事件;

3. 事件發布器,需要實現ApplicationEventPublisherAware,獲取spring底層組件ApplicationEventPublisher,並調用其方法發布事件,即"通知"觀察者。

其中,事件監聽器和事件發布器需要在springIOC容器中注冊。

 

示例Demo

事件類

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

/**
 * spring監聽機制中的"事件"
 * created on 2019-04-15
 */
public class BusinessEvent extends ApplicationEvent {

    //事件的類型
    private String type;

    /**
     * Create a new ApplicationEvent.
     *
     * @param source the object on which the event initially occurred (never {@code null})
     *               即事件是在哪個對象上發生的
     */
    public BusinessEvent(Object source, String type) {
        super(source);
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }
    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
}

 

事件監聽器

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * spring監聽機制中"監聽器"
 * created on 2019-04-15
 */
@Component
public class BusinessListener implements ApplicationListener<BusinessEvent> {

    /**
     * 監聽到事件后做的處理
     * @param event
     */
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(BusinessEvent event) {
        System.out.println("監聽到事件:" + event.getType());
    }
}

 

事件發布器

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * spring事件監聽機制中的"事件發布器"
 * created on 2019-04-15
 */
@Component
public class BusinessPublisher implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {

    //spring提供的事件發布組件
    private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
        this.applicationEventPublisher = applicationEventPublisher;
    }

    /**
     * 發布事件
     */
    public void publishEvent(BusinessEvent businessEvent) {
        System.out.println("發布事件:" + businessEvent.getType());
        this.applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(businessEvent);
    }
}

 

容器配置類

/**
 * spring容器配置類
 * 需要在容器中注冊事件監聽器、事件發布器
 * created on 2019-04-15
 */
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"cn.monolog.bennett.observer.event.listener"})
public class BeanConfig {
}

 

測試類

/**
 * 用於測試spring事件監聽
 * created on 2019-04-15
 */
public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //創建springIOC容器
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);
        //從容器中獲取事件發布器實例
        BusinessPublisher businessPublisher = applicationContext.getBean(BusinessPublisher.class);
        //創建事件
        BusinessEvent businessEvent = new BusinessEvent(new Test(), BusinessType.ALLOT.getName());
        //發布事件
        businessPublisher.publishEvent(businessEvent);
    }
}

 

源碼分析

在觀察者模式中,主題發生改變時,會"通知"觀察者作出相應的操作,實現方式是獲取觀察者列表,然后遍歷、分別執行一遍其更新方法。那么,在spring事件監聽中,事件發生變化時,是如何"通知"到觀察者的呢?如上面的demo所述,我們是通過spring的組件ApplicationEventListener接口執行publishEvent方法發布事件的,而這個抽象方法在spring中只有一個實現,就是AbstractrApplicationContext,這是一個容器類。我們來跟進一下這個容器類對於發布事件的實現方法源碼:

    protected void publishEvent(Object event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
        Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");

        // Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
        ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
        if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
            applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
        }
        else {
            applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, event);
            if (eventType == null) {
                eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent<?>) applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
            }
        }

        // Multicast right now if possible - or lazily once the multicaster is initialized
        if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
            this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
        }
        else {
       //獲取事件廣播器、然后廣播事件 getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType); }
// Publish event via parent context as well... if (this.parent != null) { if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) { ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType); } else { this.parent.publishEvent(event); } } }

粗體部分語句:首先獲取事件廣播器、然后廣播事件。

所以問題分為兩部分:如何獲取事件廣播器、怎樣廣播事件。

 

1. 獲取事件廣播器

直接跟進上述語句——getApplicationEventMulticaster(),似乎找不到答案,因為這個方法是直接返回了AbstractApplicationContext類的屬性。問題轉化為:AbstractApplicationContext類中的事件廣播器屬性是什么時候被賦值的?這就要從容器創建說起了。springIOC容器創建有一個重要步驟——刷新容器refresh(),就是在AbstractApplicationContext中定義的,這個refresh()中包含了容器創建、初始化的諸多操作,其中兩個步驟與事件監聽有關,看一下源碼

    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();

            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();

                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
 initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onRefresh();

                // Check for listener beans and register them.
 registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }

            catch (BeansException ex) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                            "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
                }

                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();

                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);

                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }

            finally {
                // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
                // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
                resetCommonCaches();
            }
        }
    }

第一個步驟是initApplicationEventMulticaster,即初始化事件廣播器,繼續跟進源碼會發現,是先從BeanFactory中獲取,如果不存在,就新建一個。第二個步驟是registerListeners,即注冊監聽器,從容器中獲取所有ApplicationEventListener類型的組件,添加進事件廣播器。

 

2. 廣播事件

廣播事件的方法是寫在事件廣播器的實現類——SimpleApplicationEventMulticater中的。

@Override
public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
    ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
   //遍歷監聽器,分別執行invokeListener
for (final ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) { Executor executor = getTaskExecutor(); if (executor != null) { executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event)); } else { invokeListener(listener, event); } } }

從源碼中可以看出,SimpleApplicationEventMulticater從容器中獲取所有的監聽器列表,遍歷列表,對每個監聽器分別執行invokeListener方法,繼續跟進invokeListener方法,它會調用一個doInvokeListener,在這個doInvokeListner中:

@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
    try {
//調用監聽器實現類的onApplicationEvent方法 listener.onApplicationEvent(event); }
catch (ClassCastException ex) { String msg = ex.getMessage(); if (msg == null || matchesClassCastMessage(msg, event.getClass())) { // Possibly a lambda-defined listener which we could not resolve the generic event type for // -> let's suppress the exception and just log a debug message. Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Non-matching event type for listener: " + listener, ex); } } else { throw ex; } } }

終於看到我們熟悉的:onApplicationEvent方法,這就是暴露在外層、供我們使用的事件監聽方法;

也就是在這里,實現了觀察者模式中的——"通知"觀察者進行更新的操作。

 


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