本文匯總了Spring的常用注解，以方便大家查詢和使用，具體如下：
使用注解之前要開啟自動掃描功能，其中base-package為需要掃描的包(含子包)。
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.test"/>
@Configuration把一個類作為一個IoC容器，它的某個方法頭上如果注冊了@Bean，就會作為這個Spring容器中的Bean。
@Scope注解 作用域
@Lazy(true) 表示延遲初始化
@Service用於標注業務層組件、
@Controller用於標注控制層組件（如struts中的action）
@Repository用於標注數據訪問組件，即DAO組件。
@Component泛指組件，當組件不好歸類的時候，我們可以使用這個注解進行標注。
@Scope用於指定scope作用域的（用在類上）
@PostConstruct用於指定初始化方法（用在方法上）
@PreDestory用於指定銷毀方法（用在方法上）
@DependsOn：定義Bean初始化及銷毀時的順序
@Primary：自動裝配時當出現多個Bean候選者時，被注解為@Primary的Bean將作為首選者，否則將拋出異常
@Autowired 默認按類型裝配，如果我們想使用按名稱裝配，可以結合@Qualifier注解一起使用。如下：
@Autowired @Qualifier("personDaoBean") 存在多個實例配合使用
@Resource默認按名稱裝配，當找不到與名稱匹配的bean才會按類型裝配。
@PostConstruct 初始化注解
@PreDestroy 摧毀注解 默認 單例 啟動就加載
@Async異步方法調用
有一個細節性的問題是，假如bean里面有兩個property，Zoo.java里面又去掉了屬性的getter/setter並使用@Autowired注解標注這兩個屬性那會怎么樣？答案是Spring會按照xml優先的原則去Zoo.java中尋找這兩個屬性的getter/setter，導致的結果就是初始化bean報錯。
OK，假設此時我把.xml文件的16行、17行兩行給去掉，再運行，會拋出異常
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'carFactory': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:
Could not autowire field: private com.spring.service.ICar com.spring.model.CarFactory.car; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException:
No unique bean of type [com.spring.service.ICar] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [bmwCar, benz] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:288) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:190) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:580) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:895) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:425) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83) at com.spring.test.TestAnnotation.test1(TestAnnotation.java:25) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.spring.service.ICar com.spring.model.CarFactory.car; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [com.spring.service.ICar] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [bmwCar, benz] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:502) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:282) ... 36 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [com.spring.service.ICar] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [bmwCar, benz] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:796) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:474) ... 38 more
出現這種情況通常有兩種解決辦法：
(1)、在配置文件中刪除其中一個實現類，Spring會自動去base-package下尋找Car接口的實現類，發現Car接口只有一個實現類，便會直接引用這個實現類。
(2)、實現類就是有多個該怎么辦？此時可以使用@Qualifier注解來指定Bean的名稱：
package com.spring.model; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import com.spring.service.ICar; public class CarFactory { @Autowired @Qualifier("bmwCar") private ICar car; public String toString(){ return car.getCarName(); } }