1、原生jdbc連接oracle數據庫簡單介紹

一。jbdc的常用API
1.Connection:數據庫的鏈接對象
2.statement:數據庫sql執行對象
3.preparedStatment：sql的預編譯處理對象，是statement子接口
4.resultset：返回查詢的結果集

二。jdbc開發步驟
1.在項目中加入驅動jar包
2.寫jdbc鏈接代碼
注意：日期對象的處理。從結果集中獲取時間是用getTimestamp(),得到的是Timestamp對象（時間戳）
Timestamp是util.Date的子類。他們之間的互相轉換是：
util.Date = Timestamp直接轉換
Timestamp = new TimeStamp(util.Date.getTime());

三。工廠模式
1.工廠類，專門用來生產某一個對象的實例

四。preparedStatment 預編譯sql命令接口
1.會對sql語句進行編譯檢查，可以用參數占位符的方式編寫sql語句
2.作用：比普通statement接口執行效率更高。可以防止sql注入的侵入

 

　　SQL實例：

drop table user_info;
drop table group_info;
drop table contacts_info;

select * from user_info
select * from group_info
select * from contacts_info

delete from user_info;
delete from group_info;


--創建用戶信息表
create table user_info(
    user_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
    user_name nvarchar(30) unique not null,
    user_password nvarchar(30) not null
    )
    
--創建聯系人群組信息表
create table group_info(
    group_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
    group_name nvarchar(30),
    group_state nchar(3) default '可修改',
    check(group_state in ('可修改','不可改')),
    user_id int,
    foreign key (user_id) references user_info(user_id)
    )
    
--創建聯系人信息表
create table contacts_info(
    con_id int identity(1,1) primary key,
    con_name nvarchar(30) not null,
    con_sex nchar(1) default '男',
    check(con_sex in ('男','女')),
    con_age int,
    con_cellphone nvarchar(30),
    con_telephone nvarchar(30),
    con_birth datetime,
    con_email nvarchar(30),
    con_static nchar(3) default '未刪除',
    check(con_static in ('未刪除','已刪除')),
    group_id int,
    foreign key (group_id) references group_info(group_id)
    )

 

java實例1：創建jdbc工廠類

　　jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl
jdbc.username=C##java06
jdbc.password=java123

    JDBCFactory.java類

package com.demo1207;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCFactory {
 //    private static final String DRIVER = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
//    private static final String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl";
//    private static final String USERNAME = "C##java06";
//    private static final String PASSWORD = "java123";

    static String DRIVER;
    static String URL;
    static String USERNAME;
    static String PASSWORD;
    static{
        //只會在類第一次加載時被執行一次，適合做資源文件的讀取
        //加載數據庫配置文件資源
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        //把資源讀取成字節輸入流
        InputStream is = JDBCFactory.class.getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
        
        try {
            //通過資源對象加載字節輸入流
            pro.load(is);
            //資源對象通過key來獲取對應的文件中的值，注意：靜態代碼塊只能使用靜態屬性
            DRIVER = pro.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
            URL = pro.getProperty("jdbc.url");
            USERNAME = pro.getProperty("jdbc.username");
            PASSWORD = pro.getProperty("jdbc.password");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 獲取數據庫鏈接
     * @return 如果有異常則會返回null
     */
    public static Connection getConn(){
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
    
    public static void closeAll(Connection conn,Statement st,ResultSet rs){
        if(conn!=null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(st!=null){
            try {
                st.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(rs!=null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

java實例2:調用工廠類

在java類中寫一個Student對象，用來封裝學員信息
查詢學員信息表，將結果集封裝到List<Student>
提示：學員對象的時間字段用util.Date. 每個屬性都要封裝

　　Student.java

package com.demo1207;

import java.util.Date;

public class Student {
    private int student_id;
    private String student_name;
    private String student_sex;
    private int student_age;
    private int class_id;
    private Date birthday;
    public int getStudent_id() {
        return student_id;
    }
    public void setStudent_id(int student_id) {
        this.student_id = student_id;
    }
    public String getStudent_name() {
        return student_name;
    }
    public void setStudent_name(String student_name) {
        this.student_name = student_name;
    }
    public String getStudent_sex() {
        return student_sex;
    }
    public void setStudent_sex(String student_sex) {
        this.student_sex = student_sex;
    }
    public int getStudent_age() {
        return student_age;
    }
    public void setStudent_age(int student_age) {
        this.student_age = student_age;
    }
    public int getClass_id() {
        return class_id;
    }
    public void setClass_id(int class_id) {
        this.class_id = class_id;
    }
    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }
    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    
    
}

　　JdbcTest.java

package com.demo1207;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class JdbcTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            System.out.println(conn);
            
            //處理sql命令的對象
            st = conn.createStatement();
            
            String sql = "insert into student_info values(sq_student.nextval,'葉挺',1,22,1,sysdate)";
            //st來執行sql語句，注意executeUpdate是執行增刪改的語句
            st.executeUpdate(sql);
            
            //執行查詢業務
            String sql2 = "select * from student_info";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql2);
            List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
            while(rs.next()){
                Student stu = new Student();
                stu.setStudent_id(rs.getInt(1));
                stu.setStudent_name(rs.getString(2));
                stu.setStudent_sex(rs.getString(3));
                stu.setStudent_age(rs.getInt(4));
                stu.setClass_id(rs.getInt(5));
                stu.setBirthday(rs.getTimestamp(6));
                list.add(stu);
                System.out.print(rs.getInt(1)+"\t");
                System.out.print(rs.getString("student_name")+"\t");
                System.out.print(rs.getString(3)+"\t");
                System.out.print(rs.getInt(4)+"\t");
                System.out.print(rs.getInt(5)+"\t");
                System.out.println(rs.getTimestamp(6));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, st, rs);
        }
    }
}

java實例3：調用jdbc工廠類來驗證登錄

PreparedDemo.java

package com.demo1207;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class PreparedDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            String sql = "select * from user_info where username=? and pass_word=?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            //將參數占位符賦值
            ps.setString(1, "張三");
            ps.setString(2, "123456");
            
            //執行sql 和statement的執行方法一樣
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            if(rs.next()){
                System.out.println(rs.getString(2)+"登錄成功");
            }else{
                System.out.println("登錄失敗");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, ps, rs);
        }
    }
}

java實例4：調用工廠類進行增刪改查

package com.demo1207;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Date;

public class CRUDDemo {
    Connection conn;
    PreparedStatement ps;
    ResultSet rs;
    
    public  void create(){
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            
            String sql = "insert into student_info values(sq_student.nextval,?,?,?,?,?)";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            ps.setString(1, "田甜");
            ps.setString(2, "2");
            ps.setInt(3, 22);
            ps.setInt(4, 1);
            ps.setTimestamp(5, new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()));
            ps.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("新增成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, ps, rs);
        }
    }
    
    public void delete(){
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            
            String sql = "delete from student_info where student_id=?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            ps.setInt(1, 1);
            ps.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("刪除成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, ps, rs);
        }
    }
    
    public void update(){
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            
            String sql = "update student_info set student_name=?,student_sex=?,student_age=?,class_id=?,birthday=? where student_id=?";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            ps.setString(1, "哈哈");
            ps.setString(2, "2");
            ps.setInt(3, 28);
            ps.setInt(4, 1);
            ps.setTimestamp(5, new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()));
            ps.setInt(6, 2);
            ps.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("修改成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, ps, rs);
        }
    }
    
    public void query(){
        try {
            conn = JDBCFactory.getConn();
            
            String sql = "select * from student_info";
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            while(rs.next()){
                System.out.println();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCFactory.closeAll(conn, ps, rs);
        }
    }
}

 

作業：

一。用戶管理
1.用戶注冊：要求用戶名不能重復
2.用戶登錄
二。聯系人組群管理
1.用戶新建聯系人組群：每個用戶注冊時都會默認新建一個名字叫“我的聯系人”這么一個組群，該組群不能修改，
                每個用戶可以新建n個聯系人組群。
2.用戶修改聯系組群：修改組群名字
3.用戶刪除組群：刪除組群后，將該組的所有聯系人移到默認組群“我的聯系人”
三。聯系人管理
1.用戶新建聯系人：需要指定聯系人到哪個組群。聯系人信息（姓名，年齡，性別，移動電話，固定電話，生日，郵箱）
2.用戶修改聯系人：可以修改聯系人所有信息，包括組群
3.用戶刪除聯系人：
4.查詢聯系人：
    a.按姓名模糊查詢
    b.按組群查詢
    c.按電話號碼模糊查詢